Design and analysis of an advanced thermal management system for the solar close observations and proximity experiments spacecraft

In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.

Application and prospect of the fluid cooling system of solar arrays for probing the Sun

The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,which has been proposed by the Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,aiming to operate at a distance of 5 to 10 solar radii from the Sun,plans to complete the in situ detection of the solar eruption process and observation of the magnetic field structure response.The solar flux received by the satellite ranges from 10^(3) to 10^(6) Wm^(-2),which poses challenges for thermal management of the solar arrays.In this work,the solar array cooling system of the Parker Solar Probe is discussed,the developments of the fluid loop technique are reviewed,and a research plan for a next-generation solar array cooling system is proposed.This paper provides a valuable reference for novel thermal control systems in spacecraft for solar observation.

An Evaluation Method of Human Gut Microbial Homeostasis by Testing Specific Fecal Microbiota

Research on microecology has been carried out with broad perspectives in recent decades,which has enabled a better understanding of the gut microbiota and its roles in human health and disease.It is of great significance to routinely acquire the status of the human gut microbiota;however,there is no method to evaluate the gut microbiome through small amounts of fecal microbes.In this study,we found ten predominant groups of gut bacteria that characterized the whole microbiome in the human gut from a large-sample Chinese cohort,constructed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)method and developed a set of analytical approaches to detect these ten groups of predominant gut bacterial species with great maneuverability,efficiency,and quantitative features.Reference ranges for the ten predominant gut bacterial groups were established,and we found that the concentration and pairwise ratios of the ten predominant gut bacterial groups varied with age,indicating gut microbial dysbiosis.By comparing the detection results of liver cirrhosis(LC)patients with those of healthy control subjects,differences were then analyzed,and a classification model for the two groups was built by machine learning.Among the six established classification models,the model established by using the random forest algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve(AUC)value and sensitivity for predicting LC.This research enables easy,rapid,stable,and reliable testing and evaluation of the balance of the gut microbiota in the human body,which may contribute to clinical work.

Validation of the eighth edition of the AJCC staging system for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma initially receiving chemoradiotherapy and proposal of modifications

Objective:To validate the eighth edition of the AJCC staging system in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving only stereotactic body radiation therapy and chemotherapy,and to propose modifications to improve prognostic accuracy.Methods:Patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma without metastasis who were undergoing only chemoradiotherapy were included and staged according to the seventh and eighth editions of the AJCC staging system.Meanwhile,another group of stage T4 patients from the above enrollment with only portal vein involvement with or without tumor thrombi(PV±PVTT)were retrieved for survival comparisons.Modifications were proposed according to the survival comparisons.A cohort from the SEER database was used for external validation of the modified staging system.Results:A total of 683 patients were included.Patients with N2 or N1 but different T stages had significantly different survival outcomes according to the eighth edition.The survival of patients with(PV±PVTT)was comparable to that of patients with T4 tumors.The concordance index of the seventh and eighth editions,and the modified staging system was 0.744(95%CI:0.718—0.769),0.750(95%CI:0.725—0.775),and 0.788(95%CI:0.762-0.813),respectively.For external validation,the concordance index was 0.744(95%CI:0.718-0.770),0.750(95%CI:0.724-0.776),and 0.788(95%CI:0.762-0.814),respectively.Conclusions:The modified staging system is suggested to have the m ost accurate prognostic value.Hence,PV土PVTT should be added to the definition of T4 tumors regardless of tumor size.Patients with N2 or N1 in different T stages could be regrouped into different substages.Additionally,stage III should be subclassified into IIIA(T3N 2 and T4N 0)and IIIB(T4N 1-2).

Controllable optical bistability in a three-mode optomechanical system with a membrane resonator

We study the optical bistability （OB） in a three-mode cavity optomechanical system, where an oscillating membrane of perfect reflection is inserted between two fixed mirrors of partial transmission. By investigating the behavior of steady state solutions, we find that the left and right cavities will exhibit the bistable behavior simultaneously in this optomechanical system by adjusting the left and right coupling fields. In addition, one can control the OB threshold and the width of the OB curve via adjusting the coupling strength, the detuning, and the decay rate. Moreover, we further illustrate the OB appearing in the cavity by the effective potential as a function of the position.

Large-scale manufacturing of functional single-atom ink for convenient glucose sensing

Printing techniques hold great potential in the manufacture of electronics such as sensors,micro-supercapacitors,and flexible electronics.However,developing large-scale functional conductive inks with appropriate rheological properties and active components still remains a challenge.Herein,through optimizing the formulations of ink,iron single sites supported N-doped carbon black(Fe_(1)-NC)inks can serve as both conductive electrodes and high-reactive catalysts to realize convenient glucose detection,which pronouncedly reduces the dosage of enzyme and simplifies the sensors preparation.In detail,utilizing in-situ pyrolysis method,Fe_(1)-NC single-atom catalysts(SACs)are prepared in bulk(dekagram-level).The batched Fe_(1)-NC SACs materials can be uniformly mixed with modulated ink to realize the screen printing with high resolution and uniformity.Also,the whole scalable preparation and ink-functional process can be extended to various metals(including Co,Ni,Cu,and Mn).The introduction of highly active Fe_(1)-NC sites reduces the amount of enzyme used in glucose detection by at least 50%,contributing to the cost reduction of sensors.The strategy in harnessing the SACs onto the carbon inks thus provides a broad prospect for the low-cost and large-scale printing of sensitive sensing devices.

无创机械通气后经鼻低流量氧疗对AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效分析

目的探讨无创机械通气后经鼻低流量氧疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床效果。方法该研究为回顾性研究。通过湖州市第一人民医院健康管理平台选择2021年1月至2023年3月于湖州市第一人民医院治疗的AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者200例为研究对象。根据治疗方法分为两组,行无创机械通气后未行经鼻低流量氧疗的患者100例为对照组,行无创机械通气后经鼻低流量氧疗的患者100例为观察组。采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定两组抗炎因子[白细胞介素10(IL-10)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)]以及促炎因子[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)]的含量;比较两组治疗前后的血氧分压(PaO_(2))以及二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2));比较两组患者发热、呼吸困难、心悸、咳嗽困难等症状的缓解消失时间。采用IBM SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果治疗后对照组IL-10为(21.45±7.02)ng/L,低于观察组的(26.77±9.40)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.54,P<0.001),IL-6为(25.56±8.58)ng/L,高于观察组的(18.98±5.78)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(t=6.37,P<0.001);PaO_(2)为(71.41±5.91)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),低于观察组的(93.69±4.45)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=30.09,P=0.004),PaCO_(2)为(43.85±2.99)mmHg,高于观察组的(37.87±4.48)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=11.10,P<0.001);发热缓解时间为(6.59±1.51)d,长于观察组的(6.13±1.19)d,差异有统计学意义(t=2.39,P=0.008),呼吸困难缓解时间为(5.61±2.17)d,长于观察组的(4.47±1.73)d,差异有统计学意义(t=4.10,P=0.021)。结论无创机械通气后经鼻低流量氧疗对AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者在炎症控制、症状缓解及肺功能恢复上可取得较好的治疗效果。

Formic Acid Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Production Promoted by Grubbs and Hoveyda-Grubbs Catalysts

In this work,we screened three Grubbs catalysts and two Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts for the production of H_(2) by dehydrogenation of formic acid(FA).The best results were achieved with the use of a first-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst.With a catalyst loading of mere 0.5μmol, a maximum TON of 36356 was obtained within 3 h.Two key intermediates were identified by using 1H NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HRESI-MS),based on which a mechanism possibly responsible for the observed catalysis was proposed.