A Review of Current Research and Advances in Unmanned Surface Vehicles

Following developments in artificial intelligence and big data technology,the level of intelligence in intelligent vessels has been improved.Intelligent vessels are being developed into unmanned surface vehicles(USVs),which have widely interested scholars in the shipping industry due to their safety,high efficiency,and energy-saving qualities.Considering the current development of USVs,the types of USVs and applications domestically and internationally are being investigated.USVs emerged with technological developments and their characteristics show some differences from traditional vessels,which brings some problems and advantages for their application.Certain maritime regulations are not applicable to USVs and must be changed.The key technologies in the current development of USVs are being investigated.While the level of intelligence is improving,the protection of cargo cannot be neglected.An innovative approach to the internal structure of USVs is proposed,where the inner hull can automatically recover its original state in case of outer hull tilting.Finally,we summarize the development status of USVs,which are an inevitable direction of development in the marine field.

Improvement of Soil Moisture Simulation in Eurasia by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model from CMIP5 to CMIP6

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of historical surface soil moisture simulation(1979-2012)over Eurasia at annual and seasonal time scales between two medium-resolution versions of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)—one that is currently participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),i.e.,BCC-CSM2-MR,and the other,BCC-CSM1.1m,which participated in CMIP5.We show that BCC-CSM2-MR is more skillful in reproducing the climate mean states and standard deviations of soil moisture,with pattern correlations increased and biases reduced significantly.BCC-CSM2-MR performs better in capturing the first two primary patterns of soil moisture anomalies,where the period of the corresponding time series is closer to that of reference data.Comparisons show that BCC-CSM2-MR performs at a high level among multiple models of CMIP6 in terms of centered pattern correlation and“amplitude of variation”(relative standard deviation).In general,the centered pattern correlation of BCC-CSM2-MR,ranging from 0.61 to 0.87,is higher than the multi-model mean of CMIP6,and the relative standard deviation is 0.75,which surmounts the overestimations in most of the CMIP6 models.Due to the vital role played by precipitation in land-atmosphere interaction,possible causes of the improvement of soil moisture simulation are further related to precipitation in BCC-CSM2-MR.The results indicate that a better description of the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation and a better reproduction of the climate mean precipitation by the model may result in the improved performance of soil moisture simulation.

Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp

The objectives of this study were to 1） determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis （SARA）; and 2） evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp （BP） as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17 day periods： 1） total mixed ration （TMR） containing 0% finely ground wheat （FGW） （WO）; 2） TMR containing 10% FGW （W10）; 3） TMR containing 20% FGW （W20）; and 4） TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn （BP10）. The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre （NDF） and acid detergent fibre （ADF） was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of 13-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity （TAC）, and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde （MDA）, super oxygen dehydrogenises （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.

Review on porous nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic conversion of CO_2

Photocatalytic conversion of“greenhouse gas”CO2is considered to be one of the most effective ways to alleviate current energy and environmental problems without additional energy consumption and pollutant emission.The performance of many traditional semiconductor photocatalysts is not efficient enough to satisfy the requirements of practical applications because of their limited specific surface area and low CO2adsorption capacity.Therefore,the exploration of photocatalysts with high CO2uptake is significant in the field of CO2conversion.Recently the porous materials appeared to be a kind of superior candidate for enriching the CO2molecules on the surface of photocatalysts for catalytic conversion.This paper first summarizes the advances in the development of nanoporous adsorbents for CO2capture.Three main classes of porous materials are considered:inorganic porous materials,metal organic frameworks,and microporous organic polymers.Based on systematic research on CO2uptake,we then highlight the recent progress in these porous‐material‐based photocatalysts for CO2conversion.Benefiting from the improved CO2uptake capacity,the porous‐material‐based photocatalysts exhibited remarkably enhanced efficiency in the reduction of CO2to chemical fuels,such as CO,CH4,and CH3OH.Based on reported recent achievements,we predict a trend of development in multifunctional materials with both high adsorption capability and photocatalytic performance for CO2utilization.

Superconductivity of the FeSe/SrTiO3 Interface in View of BCS–BEC Crossover

In paired Fermi systems,strong many-body effects exhibit in the crossover regime between the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer(BCS)and the Bose–Einstein condensation(BEC)limits.The concept of the BCS–BEC crossover,which is studied intensively in the research field of cold atoms,has been extended to condensed matters.Here by analyzing the typical superconductors within the BCS–BEC phase diagram,we find that FeSe-based superconductors are prone to shift their positions in the BCS–BEC crossover regime by charge doping or substrate substitution,since their Fermi energies and the superconducting gap sizes are comparable.Especially at the interface of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 substrate,the superconductivity is relocated closer to the crossover unitary than other doped FeSe-based materials,indicating that the pairing interaction is effectively modulated.We further show that hole-doping can drive the interfacial system into the phase with possible pre-paired electrons,demonstrating its flexible tunability within the BCS–BEC crossover regime.

Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease at Extremely High Altitudes in Tibet and the Establishment of a New Free Treatment Model

Background: This study aimed to illustrate the prevalence of CHD by screening children in extremely high-altitudeareas (over 4000 m to even 5000 m above sea level) and explore an aid model for early diagnosis and treatmentfor the Tibetan population. Methods: A total of 2242 students from different schools in Ngamring County,Xigaze City, Tibet from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected for screening. The students were examinedthrough the inquiry of their current medical history and family history, cardiac auscultation and a physicalexamination, in order to screen out the suspected cases of CHD, and then the suspected cases were confirmed bycardiac color ultrasound examinations. After that, positive patients were be transferred to Shandong Province forfree treatment. Results: The prevalence of CHD among children in Ngamring County was 3.70% (83 cases),which is the highest incidence rate ever reported. The most common type of CHD was patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), accounting for 55.42% of the total number of cases screened, followed by atrial septal defect (ASD) andventricular septal defect (VSD), accounting for 28.92% and 12.05%, respectively. The prevalence of CHD in childrenat high altitude was significantly higher than that in children at low altitude. The children with CHD weretransferred to Shandong Province for surgery, the operations were successful and their recoveries went well.Conclusions: The results show that high altitude is closely related to the prevalence of CHD, and the incidencein Ngamring County is much higher than that in previous reports.

High level of preoperative serum fibrinogen is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective This study aimed to elucidate the association between the level of preoperative serum fibrinogen(PSF)and the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods From January 2010 to December 2016,all patients diagnosed with ESCC who underwent surgery in Qingdao Municipal Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Moreover,the fibrinogen levels of all patients were assessed before surgery,and hyperfibrinogenemia was diagnosed when the fibrinogen level was≥4.0 g/L.The impact of PSF on disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the log-rank method and Cox proportional hazards regression model.P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 336 patients were finally analyzed,and approximately 102 patients(30.36%)were diagnosed with hyperfibrinogenemia before surgery.Hyperfibrinogenemia was associated with older age(≥70 years)(P=0.012),advanced pathological T stage(P=0.003),and lymph node involvement(P=0.024).Univariate analysis showed that patients with hyperfibrinogenemia had shorter DFS(1.96 years vs.3.64 years,P=0.001)and OS(2.27 years vs.4.15 years,P<0.001)than patients without hyperfibrinogenemia.Multivariate analysis confirmed that PSF was an independent factor affecting DFS(risk ratio[RR]:1.35,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.02-1.79,P=0.038)and OS(RR:1.37,95%CI:1.03-1.83,P=0.034)in patients with ESCC.Conclusion For patients with operable ESCC,hyperfibrinogenemia had poor prognosis.Moreover,PSF is an independent prognostic factor for operable ESCC.

Convective Storm VIL and Lightning Nowcasting Using Satellite and Weather Radar Measurements Based on Multi-Task Learning Models

Convective storms and lightning are among the most important weather phenomena that are challenging to forecast.In this study,a novel multi-task learning(MTL)encoder-decoder U-net neural network was developed to forecast convective storms and lightning with lead times for up to 90 min,using GOES-16 geostationary satellite infrared brightness temperatures(IRBTs),lightning flashes from Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM),and vertically integrated liquid(VIL)from Next Generation Weather Radar(NEXRAD).To cope with the heavily skewed distribution of lightning data,a spatiotemporal exponent-weighted loss function and log-transformed lightning normalization approach were developed.The effects of MTL,single-task learning(STL),and IRBTs as auxiliary input features on convection and lightning nowcasting were investigated.The results showed that normalizing the heavily skew-distributed lightning data along with a log-transformation dramatically outperforms the min-max normalization method for nowcasting an intense lightning event.The MTL model significantly outperformed the STL model for both lightning nowcasting and VIL nowcasting,particularly for intense lightning events.The MTL also helped delay the lightning forecast performance decay with the lead times.Furthermore,incorporating satellite IRBTs as auxiliary input features substantially improved lightning nowcasting,but produced little difference in VIL forecasting.Finally,the MTL model performed better for forecasting both lightning and the VIL of organized convective storms than for isolated cells.

Stress value in 2003 Dayao Ms6.1 earthquake source region

The Ms6.2 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake occurred on July 21, 2003, followed by a major Ms6.1 earthquake about 88 days later in the same region. Hypocenters of the two earthquakes are almost in the same place. Based on the P wave first motion polarities of the two aftershock sequences recorded by temporary stations, we have studied the stress field in the aftershock zone and obtained the two stress field directions in Dayao region using the new version of PKU_Grid^Test Software provided by Chunquan Yu. Assuming that the rotation of the stress field is caused by the second main shock, we estimated the crustal stress value in the focal region by using the stress value calculation method proposed by Yongge Wan. The estimated maximum, intermediate and minimum principal stresses are 166.3 MPa, 158.7 MPa and 151 MPa, respectively, before the second main shock. The normal and shear stresses projected on the fault plane of the second main shock before it occurred are 157.3 MPa, 7.4 MPa, and are 158.8 MPa, 0.2 MPa after it occurred, respectively. The perturbed input parameters experiments attest the stability of the solution. The result shows that the preseismic shear stress is larger than the post-seismic one, and their difference corresponds to the stress drop approximately. The estimated compressive stress level is very high, but the differential stress is low. The result is helpful for friction coefficient estimation, plate motion simulation and related studies.

A Port Ship Flow Prediction Model Based on the Automatic Identification System and Gated Recurrent Units

Water transportation today has become increasingly busy because of economic globalization.In order to solve the problem of inaccurate port traffic flow prediction,this paper proposes an algorithm based on gated recurrent units(GRUs)and Markov residual correction to pass a fixed cross-section.To analyze the traffic flow of ships,the statistical method of ship traffic flow based on the automatic identification system(AIS)is introduced.And a model is put forward for predicting the ship flow.According to the basic principle of cyclic neural networks,the law of ship traffic flow in the channel is explored in the time series.Experiments have been performed using a large number of AIS data in the waters near Xiazhimen in Zhoushan,Ningbo,and the results show that the accuracy of the GRU-Markov algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms,proving the practicability and effectiveness of this method in ship flow prediction.

Research on the Construction Mode of Mechanical and Electrical Integration of Intelligent Control System based on Multi-agent Technique

In this paper, we conduct research on the construction mode of mechanical and electrical integration of intelligent control system based on the multi-agent technique. The development of the modem science and technology has greatly promoted the cross of different subjects and infiltration, caused the technological transformation and revolution in the field of engineering. In the field of mechanical engineering, because of rapid development of microelectronics technology and computer technology to the mechanical industry and its mechanical and electrical integration, which is formed by the penetration of the technology of mechanical industry structure, product, organization, function and structure, mode of the production and management system, great changes have taken place in industrial production by the mechanical electrification ＂ushered in the development of＂ mechatronics ＂as the characteristics of the stage. Our research combines the multi-agent technique to propose the new paradigm for mechanical and electrical integration which is innovative.

过去20年中国湖泊从CO_(2)源向汇转变

Lakes emit large amounts of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into the atmosphere with 0.81 Pg C a^(-1)[1],which offsets approximately24%of global land carbon sink.However,there is considerable uncertainty in the estimate due to limited data and the effects of human activity and climate change.In China,lakes exhibit substantial variability in CO_(2)exchange,resulting in uncertainties in national and regional land carbon sink assessments.

Wheel-legged In-pipe Robot with a Bioinspired Hook and Dry Adhesive Attachment Device

In-pipe robots have been widely used in pipes-with smooth inner walls.However,current in-pipe robots face challenges in terms of moving past obstacles and climbing in marine-vessel pipeline systems,which are affected by marine biofouling and electrochemical corrosion.This paper takes inspiration from the dual-hook structure of Trypoxylus dichotomus’s feet and gecko‑like dry adhesives,proposing an in-pipe robot that is capable of climbing on rough and smooth pipe inwalls.The combination of the bioinspired hook and dry adhesives allows the robot to stably attach to rough or smooth pipe inwalls,while the wheel-leg hybrid mechanism provides better conditions for obstacle traversal.The paper explores the attachment and obstacle-surmounting mechanisms of the robot.Moreover,motion strategies for the robot are devised based on different pipe structural features.The experiments showed that this robot can adapt to both smooth and rough pipe environments simultaneously,and its motion performance is superior to conventional driving mechanisms.The robot’s active turning actuators also enable it to navigate through horizontally or vertically oriented 90°bends.

滋肾育胎丸治疗早期先兆流产HLA-G介导的母-胎免疫耐受效应:一项随机对照研究

目的探讨滋肾育胎丸干预早期先兆流产人类白细胞抗原-G(human leukocyte antigen-G,HLA-G)介导的母-胎免疫耐受效应。方法采用单盲、随机、对照研究,选取2018年1月至2019年12月期间于南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院妇二科门诊及住院治疗的150例早期先兆流产患者作为研究对象,纳入患者通过计算机产生随机数进行随机化分组,分为滋肾育胎丸组、补肾健脾方组和地屈孕酮片组,每组50例,分别给予滋肾育胎丸、补肾健脾方及地屈孕酮片治疗至孕12周,主要结局指标为血清HLA-G和妊娠结局;次要结局指标为①CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞水平;②血清雌二醇、孕酮、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic hormone,hCG)水平;③盆腔超声情况;④中医证候评分。结果①HLA-G水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前升高(P均<0.05),治疗后滋肾育胎丸组[(352.54±102.40)IU/mL]、补肾健脾方组[(353.76±98.92)IU/mL]较地屈孕酮片组[(306.90±60.74)IU/mL]明显升高(P=0.024,P=0.016),滋肾育胎丸组与补肾健脾方组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②CD4水平:治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(34.82%±6.99%)、补肾健脾方组(36.10%±6.44%)较治疗前下降(37.66%±7.43%,P=0.004;39.72%±7.07%,P<0.001);CD8水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前明显下降(P均<0.05),治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(20.40%±4.12%)、补肾健脾方组(19.92±4.68%)较地屈孕酮片组(24.06%±5.29%)下降明显(P<0.001,P<0.001);CD4/CD8:治疗后三组较治疗前上升明显(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.001),治疗后补肾健脾方组(1.94±0.65)较地屈孕酮片组(1.64±0.50)显著上升(P=0.044);NK细胞水平:治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(10.78%±2.79%)、补肾健脾方组(10.70%±3.22%)均较治疗前(14.36%±3.73%,15.12%±6.06%)下降(P均<0.001),且分别明显低于地屈孕酮片组(14.03%±5.48%)(P=0.001,P=0.001)。③雌二醇、孕酮、hCG水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前升高(P均<0.001),其中治疗后孕酮水平滋肾育胎丸组[(33.20±6.19)ng/L]、补肾健脾方组[(33.92±7.83)ng/L]较地屈孕酮片组[(25.56±6.06)ng/L]均显著升高(P均<0.001)。④中医证候评分:治疗后三组均明显下降(P均<0.001),其中滋肾育胎丸组[2.00(1.25)分]较补肾健脾方组[3.00(2.00)分]、地屈孕酮片组[9.00(2.00)分]评分下降更为明显(P=0.002,P<0.001)。⑤妊娠结局三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论滋肾育胎丸通过上调HLA-G水平介导母-胎免疫耐受,改善妊娠结局;其临床效应与补肾健脾方相当,并优于地屈孕酮片;在安胎方面具有临床疗效确切,携带、服用方便等优势,值得在早期先兆流产治疗中推广使用。

戒毒人民警察视角下戒毒人员吸毒原因、心理矫治理论及技术研究

研究者对来自4个省的257名戒毒人民警察进行问卷调查,通过使用NVivo、SPSS等软件进行分析,发现戒毒人民警察评价的戒毒人员吸毒主要原因依次是:毒圈朋友的影响、家庭的影响、社会的影响、吸毒环境的影响、好奇心等。研究发现影响初吸的首要因素是好奇心,而影响复吸的首要因素却是毒友朋友圈。研究发现戒毒人民警察运用的戒毒心理矫治理论按照影响排序主要有:行为主义理论、精神分析理论、社会学习理论、人本主义理论。戒毒人民警察应用的戒毒心理矫治技术,按照影响力排序依次为沙盘疗法、宣泄技术、团体咨询、认知行为技术、心理咨询、厌恶疗法、内观疗法、经颅磁技术等。

RNR理论及其应用量表对吸毒人员适用性的评价

风险需要响应(RNR)理论及应用量表对吸毒人员适用性关系到吸毒人员戒毒效果。第三代风险评估量表——水平评估量表(LSI-R)对成年吸毒人员具有较高的预测效度,青少年服务等级与个案管理量表(YLS/CMI)中同伴关系和态度子量表对青少年吸毒人员再犯预测效度较高,物质滥用子量表对再犯预测效度较低。第四代风险评估量表——水平服务与个案管理量表(LS/CMI)研究显示,吸毒人员在总分、犯罪历史子量表、酒精/毒品问题子量表分数显著高于其他类型罪犯。RNR理论及应用量表对吸毒人员适用性弱于其他类型罪犯,未来需要对毒品子量表条目进行修订。

家庭和谐对员工韧性的影响:自我效能感与社会支持的作用

员工韧性对组织而言非常重要,它能帮助组织应对危机、克服逆境并最终取得成功。然而,对于员工韧性是如何形成的,鲜少有研究对其进行探索。基于工作-家庭增益理论与资源保存理论,本研究提出家庭和谐对员工韧性形成的重要作用,并探讨自我效能感和社会支持在其间的作用。通过对来自20个省58个城市共345份问卷进行数据分析,结果表明:家庭和谐对员工韧性具有显著的正向影响;自我效能感在家庭和谐和员工韧性之间发挥着重要的中介作用,即家庭和谐能够产生积极的心理资源-自我效能,从而有益于增强员工韧性;社会支持正向调节了家庭和谐与自我效能感的关系,同时也调节了自我效能感在家庭和谐与员工韧性之间所起的中介作用,即当个体感知到社会支持水平越高,家庭和谐对个体自我效能感的积极影响越强,自我效能感在家庭和谐与员工韧性之间的中介作用越强。

Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from terrestrial ecosystems due to multiple environmental changes

Greenhouse gas(GHG)-induced climate change is among the most pressing sustainability challenges facing humanity today,posing serious risks for ecosystem health.Methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)are the two most important GHGs after carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),but their regional and global budgets are not well known.In this study,we applied a process-based coupled biogeochemical model to concurrently estimate the magnitude and spatial and temporal patterns of CH_(4)and N_(2)O fluxes as driven by multiple environmental changes,including climate variability,rising atmospheric CO_(2),increasing nitrogen deposition,tropospheric ozone pollution,land use change,and nitrogen fertilizer use.The estimated CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions from global land ecosystems during 1981-2010 were 144.39±12.90 Tg C/yr(mean 62 SE;1 Tg=1012 g)and 12.52±0.74 Tg N/yr,respectively.Our simulations indicated a significant(P,0.01)annually increasing trend for CH_(4)(0.43±0.06 Tg C/yr)and N_(2)O(0.14±0.02 Tg N/yr)in the study period.CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions increased significantly in most climatic zones and continents,especially in the tropical regions and Asia.The most rapid increase in CH_(4)emission was found in natural wetlands and rice fields due to increased rice cultivation area and climate warming.N_(2)O emission increased substantially in all the biome types and the largest increase occurred in upland crops due to increasing air temperature and nitrogen fertilizer use.Clearly,the three major GHGs(CH_(4),N_(2)O,and CO_(2))should be simultaneously considered when evaluating if a policy is effective to mitigate climate change.

Determination of water content in corn stover silage using near-infrared spectroscopy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy to determine the water content of corn stover silage across a wide range.The water contents of 208 samples were measured,and their corresponding near-infrared spectra were simultaneously collected.The effects of different preprocessing methods,such as derivation,standard normal variety(SNV),multiplicative scatter correction(MSC),and non-preprocessing methods for the obtained near-infrared spectra on the performance of calibration models were compared.The calibration models were established by modified partial least squares(MPLS)regression.The results showed that the calibration model developed from the successive preprocessing of MSC and first-order derivation(1-D)achieved the optimal performance.The correlation coefficients of the calibration and validation subset were 0.974 and 0.949,respectively,and the standard errors of the calibration and cross validation were 4.249% and 4.256%,respectively.External validation was performed on 60 samples.The correlation coefficient between the measured and predicted values of the calibration model was 0.973 and the prediction model’s relative percent deviation was 4.317.This indicated that the mathematical model of near-infrared spectroscopy predicted the water content in corn stover silage with high accuracy.The study showed that the near-infrared spectroscopy technology can be used for rapid and non-destructive testing across a wide range of water contents in the corn stover silage.

A versatile photodetector assisted by photovoltaic and bolometric effects

The advent of low-dimensional materials with peculiar structure and superb band properties provides a new canonical form for the development of photodetectors.However,the limited exploitation of basic properties makes it difficult for devices to stand out.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid heterostructure with ultrathin vanadium dioxide film and molybdenum ditelluride nanoflake.Vanadium dioxide is a classical semiconductor with a narrow bandgap,a high temperature coefficient of resistance,and phase transformation.Molybdenum ditelluride,a typical two-dimensional material,is often used to construct optoelectronic devices.The heterostructure can realize three different functional modes:(i)the p-n junction exhibits ultrasensitive detection(450 nm-2μm)with a dark current down to 0.2 pA and a response time of 17μs,(ii)the Schottky junction works stably under extreme conditions such as a high temperature of 400 K,and(iii)the bolometer shows ultrabroad spectrum detection exceeding 10μm.The flexible switching between the three modes makes the heterostructure a potential candidate for next-generation photodetectors from visible to longwave infrared radiation(LWIR).This type of photodetector combines versatile detection modes,shedding light on the hybrid application of novel and traditional materials,and is a prototype of advanced optoelectronic devices.