Determination of Chlorogenic Acid,Geniposide,Total Flavonoids and Total Triterpenes in Wulan-13

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for the determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.[Methods]The contents of chlorogenic acid and geniposide were determined by HPLC,and the contents of total flavonoids and total triterpenes were determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.[Results]There was a good linear relation between the mass of chlorogenic acid reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.05-0.45μg,and the regression equation was Y=2524.1X+3.1943,(r=0.9998).A good linear relationship was found between the mass of gardenoside reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.776-6.984μg,and the regression equation was Y=1670.5X+64.804,(r=0.9998).There was also a good linear relation between the mass of rutin reference substance and its absorbance in the range of 0.00808-0.04848 mg,and the regression equation was Y=12.916X+0.014,(r=0.999).The mass of oleanolic acid reference substance had a good linear relation with its absorbance in the range of 0.00418-0.0209 mg,and the regression equation was Y=51.89X-0.0839,(r=0.9991).[Conclusions]The content determination method is simple,reliable and reproducible,and suitable for controlling the contents of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.

贵州丹寨“八寨苗”祭祀中的说理研究--以“请神”环节为例

在广义论证视域下,贵州丹寨"八寨苗"的祭祀仪式是人神之间在共享的交流空间中,借助象征性符号实施社会互动,开展说理活动的过程。本文遵循本土化研究原则,在田野数据的基础上,通过广义论证"五步法"考察这一祭祀仪式中的"请神"环节,结果表明:(1)仪式场景构造了一个苗族社会人与神共享的交流空间;(2)在这个交流空间中,祭师和神分别通过"唱诵"表达方式和卦象等象征性符号进行交流;(3)为了说服神灵,在仪式中祭师和神遵循六条核心说理规则实施象征性符号互动;(4)"请神"环节中具有说理功能的象征性符号互动具有一个论证分层结构。由此揭示"请神"环节过程的本来面貌。

A universal pipeline for mobile mRNA detection and insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress

Heterografting has long been used to enhance the chilling tolerance of temperature-sensitive crops,including watermelon,whose mechanism is known to involve bidirectional long-distance mRNA movements.Despite several studies reporting on mobile mRNA(mb-mRNA)profiles in plants,accurate identification of mb-mRNAs is challenging owing to an array of technical problems.Here,we developed a bioinformatical pipeline that took most of the known technical concerns into consideration and is considered to be a universal tool for mb-mRNA detection in heterografts.By applying this pipeline to a commercial watermelon–bottle gourd heterografting system,we detected 130 and 1144 mb-mRNAs upwardly and 167 and 1051 mb-mRNAs downwardly transmitted under normal and chilling-stress conditions,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR indicated a high accuracy rate(88.2%)of mb-mRNA prediction with our pipeline.We further revealed that the mobility of mRNAs was not associated with their abundance.Functional annotation and classification implied that scions may convey the stress signal to the rootstock,subsequently triggering energy metabolism reprogramming and abscisic acid-mediated stress responses by upward movement of effective mRNAs,ultimately leading to enhanced chilling tolerance.This study provides a universal tool for mb-mRNA detection in plant heterografting systems and novel insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress.

Chemistry Behind the Immunomodulatory Activity of Astragalus membranaceus

Huang Qi(黄芪Astragalus membranaceus)is a well-known and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)tonic preparations.It has been used for many ailments over the last 2000 years.Flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides have been shown to be the main compounds responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities,especially the immunomodulatory properties,of such tonic preparations.This review summarizes the published data on Astragalus extracts and fractions and the natural compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity with special reference to the modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and related pathways(e.g.,Nrf2).In addition,this review highlights the importance of Astragalus membranaceus in TCM for treating patients with diseases related to immunocompromised conditions,such as cancer and diabetes.

Deformation and Dislocation Structure in L1_2 Titanium Trialuminide Alloys

The deformation behaviour and the nature of dislocations of the Al3Ti-base L12 alloya modified with Fe and Mn etc, were investigated. The results show that the deformation and fracture character istics are closely related to the alloy compositions. The effect of hot-working process on the room tem perature ductility is remarkable, not only resulting in an appreciable improvement of compressive properties but also showing a 0.28% plastic strain in tensile test. The SISF dissociation of a < 110>dislocations on {111} planes was found at room temperature. The determined dissociation scheme is consistent with the mechanical behaviour of these alloys in the lower temperature region.

Proximity Effect of Epitaxial Iron Phthalocyanine Molecules on High-Quality Graphene Devices

Depositing magnetic insulators on graphene has been a promising route to introduce magnetism via exchange proximity interaction in graphene for future spintronics applications.Molecule-based magnets may offer unique opportunities because of their synthesis versatility.Here,we investigate the magnetic proximity effect of epitaxial iron phthalocyanine(FePc)molecules on high-quality monolayer and bilayer graphene devices on hexagonal boron nitride substrates by probing the local and nonlocal transport.Although the FePc molecules introduce large hole doping effects combined with mobility degradation,the magnetic proximity gives rise to a canted antiferromagnetic state under a magnetic field in the monolayer graphene.On bilayer graphene and FePc heterostructure devices,the nonlocal transport reveals a pronounced Zeeman spin-Hall effect.Further analysis of the scattering mechanism in the bilayer shows a dominated long-range scattering.Our findings in graphene/organic magnetic insulator heterostructure provide a new insight for use of molecule-based magnets in two-dimensional spintronic devices.

Correction to:A universal pipeline for mobile mRNA detection and insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress

After the publication of this article1,the authors became aware that there was an error in Fig.2b that“Ref2-M”(below“Bowtie2”)on the right panel was mistakenly written as“Ref1-M”.The correct version is shown below.

Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract

Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract are highly aggressive and rare tumors,differing from other malignant gynecological tumors in that they contain both malignant carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Because carcinosarcomas are rapidly progressive,less sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy,and have a high probability of recurrence,patients with advanced uterine and ovarian carcinosarcomas have poorer survival than those with endometrial or high-grade serous carcinomas. Although the treatment strategies are controversial,a comprehensive management approach is recommended,which involves complete debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Molecular-targeted therapies are promising for the management and improvement in the overall survival of patients with carcinosarcomas.

Problems and Cause Analysis of Classroom Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges

At present, as the development of vocational education speeds up and its scale is expanded gradually, many problems begin to arise from classroom teaching in higher vocational colleges. In order to improve the classroom teaching quality in higher vocational colleges, countermeasures should be proposed. Based on the classroom teaching environment and means in higher vocational colleges, this paper discusses problems in classroom teaching and also countermeasures.

A Deep Learning-Enabled Skin-Inspired Pressure Sensor for Complicated Recognition Tasks with Ultralong Life

Flexible full-textile pressure sensor is able to integrate with clothing directly,which has drawn extensive attention from scholars recently.But the realization of flexible full-textile pressure sensor with high sensitivity,wide detection range,and long working life remains challenge.Complex recognition tasks necessitate intricate sensor arrays that require extensive data processing and are susceptible to damage.The human skin is capable of interpreting tactile signals,such as sliding,by encoding pressure changes and performing complex perceptual tasks.Inspired by the skin,we have developed a simple dip-and-dry approach to fabricate a full-textile pressure sensor with signal transmission layers,protective layers,and sensing layers.The sensor achieves high sensitivity(2.16 kPa^(−1)),ultrawide detection range(0 to 155.485 kPa),impressive mechanical stability of 1 million loading/unloading cycles without fatigue,and low material cost.The signal transmission layers that collect local signals enable real-world complicated task recognition through one single sensor.We developed an artificial Internet of Things system utilizing a single sensor,which successfully achieved high accuracy in 4 tasks,including handwriting digit recognition and human activity recognition.The results demonstrate that skin-inspired full-textile sensor paves a promising route toward the development of electronic textiles with important potential in real-world applications,including human–machine interaction and human activity detection.

Application of simulated annealing genetic algorithm-optimized back propagation(BP)neural network in fault diagnosis

Optimal weights are usually obtained in neural network through a fixed network conformation,which affects the practicality of the network.Aiming at the shortage of conformation design and weight training algorithm in neural network application,the back propagation(BP)neural network learning algorithm combined with simulated annealing genetic algorithm(SAGA)is put forward.The multi-point genetic optimization of neural network topology and network weights is performed using hierarchical coding schemes and genetic operations.The simulated annealing mechanism is incorporated into the Genetic Algorithm(GA)to optimize the design and optimization of neural network conformation and network weights simultaneously.The SAGA takes advantage of GA excellent ability in grasping the overall ability of the search process,also uses the SA algorithm to control the convergence of the algorithm to avoid premature phenomenon.The fault diagnosis of one certain on-board electrical control box of helicopter and one certain flight control box of aircraft autopilot were used as a test platform to simulate the algorithm.The simulation conclusions reveal that the algorithm has good convergence rate and high diagnostic accurateness.

Prevention of DNA re-replication in eukaryotic cells

DNA replication is a highly regulated process involving a number of licensing and replication factors that function in a carefully orchestrated manner to faithfully replicate DNA during every cell cycle.Loss of proper licensing control leads to deregulated DNA replication including DNA re-replication,which can cause genome instability and tumorigenesis.Eukaryotic organisms have established several conserved mechanisms to prevent DNA re-replication and to counteract its potentially harmful effects.These mechanisms include tightly controlled regulation of licensing factors and activation of cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoints.Deregulated licensing control and its associated compromised checkpoints have both been observed in tumor cells,indicating that proper functioning of these pathways is essential for maintaining genome stability.In this review,we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of licensing control,the deleterious consequences when both licensing and checkpoints are compromised,and present possible mechanisms to prevent re-replication in order to maintain genome stability.

Guidelines for cervical cancer screening in China

In response to the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in China and global screening strategies,a collaborative effort was undertaken by seven Chinese medical associations to develop this guideline for cervical cancer screening.The guideline recommends high-risk human papillomavirus(hr-HPV)testing as the preferred method for primary screening,which should have been approved by authoritative institutions and clinically validated for primary screening.In areas without access to HPV testing,cytology can be used as an alternative.However,it is recommended to replace cytology with HPV-based screening as conditions permit.Cotesting(HPV testing in combination with cytology)is recommended for areas with sufficient medical resources,opportunistic screening populations,and partial special populations.The guideline recommends that individuals with a cervix initiate cervical cancer screening at the age 25 years and undergo HPV testing alone or cotesting every five years,or cytology alone every three years.Women over the age of 65 who have had documented adequate negative prior screening in the past may terminate screening.Corresponding screening programs are proposed for different special populations.The development of these guidelines is an important step in the effort to eliminate cervical cancer in China.

Ubiquitin ligase DTX3 empowers mutant p53 to promote ovarian cancer development

The deltex family protein DTX3 is believed to possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity,as it contains a classic RING finger domain.However,its biological role and the underlying mechanism in cancer remain largely elusive.Here,we identified DTX3 as a novel mutant p53-interacting protein in ovarian carcinoma.Mechanistically,DTX3 mediated mutant p53 ubiqui-tination and stabilization by perturbing the MDM2-mutant p53 interaction,consequently leading to activation of diverse.mutant p53 target genes.Importantly,a positive correlation between the expression of DTX3 and mutant p53 target genes was further validated in ovarian carcinomas.Ectopic DTX3 promoted,while depletion of DTX3 suppressed,ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Remarkably,the pro-tumorigenic effect of DTX3 is dependent on mutant p53,because ablation of mutant p53 significantly impaired DTX3-induced gene expression and ovarian cancer cell growth and propagation.Furthermore,DTX3 elevated the expressi on of muta nt p53 target genes and boosted ovarian tumor growth in vivo.Fin ally,DTX3 was amplified and overexpressed in ovarian carci no mas,which is sign ificantly associated with unfavorable prognosis.Altogether,our findings unveil the oncogenic role of DTX3 in ovarian cancer development by bolstering mutant p53 activity.

Nuclear Factor I/A Controls A-fiber Nociceptor Development

Noxious mechanical information is transmitted through molecularly distinct nociceptors,with pinprickevoked sharp sensitivity via A-fiber nociceptors marked by developmental expression of the neuropeptide Y receptor 2(Npy2 r)and von Frey filament-evoked punctate pressure information via unmyelinated C fiber nociceptors marked by MrgprD.However,the molecular programs controlling their development are only beginning to be understood.Here we demonstrate that Npy2 r-expressing sensory neurons are in fact divided into two groups,based on transient or persistent Npy2 r expression.Npy2 r-transient neurons are myelinated,likely including A-fiber nociceptors,whereas Npy2 r-persistent ones belong to unmyelinated pruriceptors that co-express Nppb.We then showed that the transcription factors NFIA and Runx1 are necessary for the development of Npy2 r-transient A-fiber nociceptors and MrgprD^+C-fiber nociceptors,respectively.Behaviorally,mice with conditional knockout of Nfia,but not Runx1 showed a marked attenuation of pinprick-evoked nocifensive responses.Our studies therefore identify a transcription factor controlling the development of myelinated nociceptors.

Scorpion-inspired dual-bionic,microcrack-assisted wrinkle based laser induced graphene-silver strain sensor with high sensitivity and broad working range for wireless health monitoring system

Scorpions,through ruthless survival of the fittest,evolve the unique ability to quickly locate and hunt prey with slit receptors near the leg joints and a sharp sting on the multi-freedom tail.Inspired by this fantastic creature,we herein report a dual-bionic strategy to fabricate microcrack-assisted wrinkle strain sensor with both high sensitivity and stretchability.Specifically,laserinduced graphene(LIG)is transferred from polyimide film to Ecoflex and then coated with silver paste using the casting-andpeeling and prestretch-and-release methods.The shape-adaptive and long-range ordered geometry(e.g.,amplitude and wavelength)of dual-bionic structure is prestrain-tuned to optimize the superfast response time(~76 ms),high sensitivity(gauge factor=223.6),broad working range(70%–100%),and good reliability(>800 cycles)of scorpion-inspired strain sensor,outperforming many LIG-based materials and other bionic sensors.The alternate reconnect/disconnect behaviors of slit-organlike microcracks in the mechanical weak areas initiate tremendous resistance changes,whereas the scorpion-tail-like wrinkles act as a“bridge”connecting the adjacent LIG resistor units,enabling reversible resilience and unimpeded electrical linkages over a wide strain range.Combined with the self-developed miniaturized,flexible,and all-in-one wireless transmission system,a variety of scenarios such as large body movements,tiny pulse,and heartbeat are real-time monitored via bluetooth and displayed in the client-sides,revealing a huge promise in future wearable electronics.

p38γ regulates UV-induced checkpoint signaling and repair of UV-induced DNA damage

In eukaryotic cells,DNA damage triggers activation of checkpoint signaling pathways that coordinate cell cycle arrest and repair of damaged DNA.These DNA damage responses serve to maintain genome stability and prevent accumulation of genetic mutations and development of cancer.The p38 MAPK was previously implicated in cellular responses to several types of DNA damage.However,the role of each of the four p38 isoforms and the mechanism for their involvement in DNA damage responses remained poorly understood.In this study,we demonstrate that p38γ,but not the other p38 isoforms,contributes to the survival of UV-treated cells.Deletion of p38γsensitizes cells to UV exposure,accompanied by prolonged S phase cell cycle arrest and increased rate of apoptosis.Further investigation reveal that p38γis essential for the optimal activation of the checkpoint signaling caused by UV,and for the efficient repair of UVinduced DNA damage.These findings have established a novel role of p38γin UV-induced DNA damage responses,and suggested that p38γcontributes to the ability of cells to cope with UV exposure by regulating the checkpoint signaling pathways and the repair of damaged DNA.

Nrf2 Activation by Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) Fruit Juices

Objective:The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L.fruit juices and their cytotoxicity.Materials and Methods:Noni fruit juices were prepared by different treatments:unripe(T1),ripe(T2),purchased(T3),and Noni juices fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum(T4).These extracts were tested for Nrf2 activation and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)inhibition activities.These active extracts were further studied for their nuclear Nrf2 translocation and induction of HO-1 protein expression.Finally,the active extracts were purified using open column chromatography and RP-high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)techniques through bioassay-guided separation.Moreover,all Noni juice samples were tested for cytotoxicity using mammalian cell-based methylthiazoltetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results:Only purchased(T3)and ripe Noni fruit juices fermented with LP at 22℃(T4–22)showed strongest Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibitory activity.Further,these two extracts enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 after 2 h and also promoted Nrf2 and HO-1 nuclear translocation.Induction of HO-1 gene expression of Hep G2/ARE cells treated with T3 confirmed that it is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1.Bioassay-guided separation resulted in subfractions with high Nrf2 activity.The strongest Nrf2 active subfraction led to the identification of scopoletin as an Nrf2 activator.Moreover,none of the tested samples showed any cytotoxicity for the MTT assay.Conclusions:The presence of potential Nrf2 activators in the Noni fruit juices that were nontoxic in our MTT assay could mitigate the production of harmful reactive species in the biological systems,and thereby,could helpful in alleviating and prevention of chronic diseases.

Pryce's mass-center operators and the anomalous velocity of a spinning electron

In the present work, we develop a method to derive the anomalous velocity of a spinning electron. From Dirac equation, the relationships among the expectation values of the Pryce's mass-center operator, the position operator, the spin operator and the canonical momentum operator are investigated. By requiring that the center of mass for a classical spinning electron is related to the expectation value of Pryce's mass-center operator, one can obtain a classical expression for the position of the electron.With the classical equations of motion, the anomalous velocity of a spinning electron can be easily obtained. It is shown that two factors contribute to the anomalous velocity: one is dependent on the selection of Pryce's mass-center operators and the other is a type-independent velocity expressed by the rotational velocity and the Lorentz force.

Real-world outcomes of niraparib treatment in patients with ovarian cancer:amulticenter non-interventional study in China

Dear Editor,Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest among all gynecological cancers.Although most patients at advanced stage respond to initial treatment,the majority experience recurrence[1].It was estimated that 55,342 new cases and 37,519 deaths from ovarian cancer occurred in China annually[2].Contemporarily,the treatment landscape has changed rapidly since the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)in ovarian cancer treatmentwas explored.Based on data from the PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012[3]and ENGOTOV16/NOVA trials[4],niraparib has been approved globally as maintenance therapy for newly diagnosed and platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.The indication of niraparib for salvage treatment was based on the results of the QUADRA(NCT02354586)trial[5].Although niraparib has been tested in prospective randomized clinical trials(RCTs),no multicenter study on its real-world application in China had been conducted.Considering the differences in population,accessibility and affordability of drugs,the results of the real-world settings may differ from those of RCTs.Therefore,we conducted this multicenter,non-interventional study at 8 hospitals.