CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet...CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.展开更多
To develop highly active and low-cost electrocatalyst is very important to improve the efficiency of water splitting.However,the current catalysts still present serious challenges due to the poor intrinsic activity an...To develop highly active and low-cost electrocatalyst is very important to improve the efficiency of water splitting.However,the current catalysts still present serious challenges due to the poor intrinsic activity and high overpotential.Herein,we report several amino induced Co-based composite catalysts.As a structure-mediating agent,ethylenediamine (EDA) can not only regulate the crystal structure and but also provide many surface amino groups.The obtained ZnCo_(2)S_(4)/CoZn_(13) catalysts show an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (274 mV@50 mA cm^(-2)) and the overpotential of 160 mV at-10 mA cm^(-2) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).For electrolysis of water,the electrocatalysts deliver a cell voltage of 1.61 V at 50 m A cm^(-2).This study provides a facile synthetic strategy to construct advanced electrocatalysts for future applications.展开更多
Background The corresponding author's experience and recent methods employed in autologous costal cartilage grafts combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)in Asian rhinoplasty were presented in this s...Background The corresponding author's experience and recent methods employed in autologous costal cartilage grafts combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)in Asian rhinoplasty were presented in this study.Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of rhinoplasty performed on patients using autogenous costal cartilage grafts combined with an ePTFE implant.Methods Seventy-five rhinoplasty cases with autologous costal cartilage grafts and an ePTFE implant were retrospectively reviewed.Graft types,complications associated with the graft itself or graft harvesting,surgical outcomes,and patient satisfaction were assessed.Results The mean follow-up time post-operation was 13.5 months.A total of 42/75 patients underwent revision surgeries.Graft-related complications were found in 8%of cases,including two warped graft and four infection cases.Three individuals with infections had mild graft resorption.One patient with an infection removed the implant.Graft exposure,mobility,and substantial resorption were not recorded.A total of two cases underwent revision procedures for infection and perforation,respectively.Chest incision lengths for graft harvesting averaged 2.1 cm.No pneumothorax or significant donor-site pain was found.Donor-site scars were negligible,although two cases had hypertrophic chest scars.In general,functional and esthetic outcomes were mostly satisfactory among the assessed patients.Conclusions Rhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage provides adequate support and sufficient cartilage amounts for correcting nasal contouring.Meanwhile,ePTFE alone for nasal dorsum augmentation safely achieves satisfactory outcomes.Rib cartilage rhinoplasty performed by an experienced surgeon yields excellent,long-lasting results with minimal risk;however,the potential for infection should be considered following revision surgery.展开更多
Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals is a promising process under mild conditions,nevertheless confronting great challenges in efficiently activating C-H bonds and inhibiting over-oxidation.Her...Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals is a promising process under mild conditions,nevertheless confronting great challenges in efficiently activating C-H bonds and inhibiting over-oxidation.Herein,we propose a comprehensive strategy for the selective generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by regulating the sizes and facets of Au nanoparticles loaded on ZnO.For photocatalytic methane oxidation at ambient temperature,a high oxygenates yield of 36.4 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) with a nearly 100%selectivity has been achieved over the optimized 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6(1%Au with(111)facet and 9.6 nm size on ZnO)photocatalyst,exceeding most reported literatures.Mechanism investigations reveal that 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6 with the medium size and Au(111)facet guarantees the favourable formation of superoxide radicals(·OOH)through mild oxygen reduction,ultimately leading to excellent photocatalytic methane oxidation performance.This work provides some guidance for the delicate design of photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic methane oxidation and oxygen utilization.展开更多
Silicon monoxide(SiO)is widely recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.Owing to its metastable amorphous structure,SiO exhibits a highly complex degree of crystallization at ...Silicon monoxide(SiO)is widely recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.Owing to its metastable amorphous structure,SiO exhibits a highly complex degree of crystallization at the microscopic level,which significantly influences its electrochemical behavior.As a consequence,accurately regulating the crystallization of SiO,and further establishing the relationship between crystallinity and electrochemical performance are very critical for SiO anodes.In this article,carbon-coated SiO materials with different crystallinity degrees were synthesized using lithium hydroxide monohydrate(LiOH·H_(2)O)as a structural modifier to reveal this rule.Additionally,moderate amount of LiOH·H_(2)O addition results in the forming of an oxygen-rich shell,which effectively inhibits the inward migration of oxygen atoms on the SiO surface and suppresses volume expansion.However,the crystallinity of SiO will gradually enhance and the crystalline phase appears with increasing the amount of LiOH·H_(2)O,which will generate a deteriorative Li+diffusion kinetic.After balancing the above two contradictions,a mass fraction of 1%LiOH·H_(2)O for the additive yielded SiO@C-1,characterized by optimal crystallinity.SiO@C-1 demonstrates exceptional long-cycle stability with 74.8%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A·g^(-1).Furthermore,it achieves a capacity retention of 52.2%even at a high density of 5 A·g^(-1).This study first reveals the relationship between SiO crystallinity and electrochemical performance,which efficiently guides the design of high-performance SiO anodes.展开更多
Dear Editor,Growing evidences indicate that circRNAs affect hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression.1,2,3,4 Understanding the roles of circRNAs in HCC recurrence helps develop innovated therapies.To identify novel HC...Dear Editor,Growing evidences indicate that circRNAs affect hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression.1,2,3,4 Understanding the roles of circRNAs in HCC recurrence helps develop innovated therapies.To identify novel HCC recurrence-related circRNA,thirteen HCC patients were subjected to a multi-omics analysis of mRNA,circRNA.展开更多
Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period....Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period.Methods:Using raw data from the national mortality surveillance system of China,we assessed the mortalities of all cancer and site-specific cancers during the 2004-2018 period.The participants were divided into three age groups:≥65 years,40-64 years,and≤39 years.Changing trends in cancer death by gender,residency,and tumor location were estimated using fitting joinpoint models to log-transformed crude mortality rates(CMRs)and age-standardizedmortality rates(ASMRs).Results:Cancer death accounted for 24% of all-cause of death in China during 2014-2018.The CMR of all cancer was 150.0 per 100,000 persons.Cancer was the leading cause of death in the population<65 years.The six major cancer types(lung/bronchus cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophagus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer)accounted for 75.85% of all cancer deaths.The CMR of all cancer increased while the ASMR decreased during 2014-2018(P<0.001).Lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer were the leading causes of cancer death in the population<65 years,accounting for 45.31%(CMR)and 44.35%(ASMR)of all cancer death,respectively.The ASMR of liver cancer was higher in the 40-64 years population than in the≥65 years population,in contrast to the other five major cancers.The ASMRs of liver cancer,stomach cancer,and esophagus cancer decreased although they were higher in rural residents than in urban residents;the ASMRs of lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents although they were higher in urban residents than in rural residents during 2014-2018.Conclusion:Although the ASMR of all cancer decreased in China during 2004-2018,lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer remained the leading causes of cancer-related premature death.Lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents.展开更多
Background:We previously showed that the expression of follistatin-like protein 1(FSTL1)was significantly down-regulated in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).In this study,we aimed to characterize the ...Background:We previously showed that the expression of follistatin-like protein 1(FSTL1)was significantly down-regulated in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).In this study,we aimed to characterize the role of FSTL1 in the development of ccRCC.Methods:The effects of FSTL1 on cell activity and cell cycle were investigated in ccRCC cell lines with altered FSTL1 expression.Gene expression microarray assays were performed to identify the major signaling pathways affected by FSTL1 knockdown.The expression of FSTL1 in ccRCC and its effect on postoperative prognosis were estimated in a cohort with 89 patients.Results:FSTL1 knockdown promoted anchorage-independent growth,migration,invasion,and cell cycle of ccRCC cell lines,whereas FSTL1 overexpression attenuated cell migration.FSTL1 knockdown up-regulated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)signaling pathways,increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,up-regulated interleukin-6 expression,and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α-induced degradation of NF-κB inhibitor(IκBα)in ccRCC cell lines.FSTL1 immunostaining was selectively positive in epithelial cytoplasm in the loop of Henle,and positive rate of FSTL1 was significantly lower in ccRCC tissues than in adjacent renal tissues(P<0.001).The mul-tivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the intratumoral FSTL1 expression conferred a favorable independent prognosis with a hazard ratio of 0.325(95%confidence interval 0.118-0.894).HIF-2αexpression was negatively cor-related with FSTL1 expression in ccRCC specimens(r=−0.229,P=0.044).Intratumoral expression of HIF-2α,rather than HIF-1α,significantly predicted an unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC(log-rank,P=0.038).Conclusions:FSTL1 plays a tumor suppression role possibly via repressing the NF-κB and HIF-2αsignaling pathways.To increase FSTL1 expression might be a candidate therapeutic strategy for metastatic ccRCC.展开更多
Aim:Genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)class II molecules are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.We aimed to investigate the impacts of HLA-II haplotypes on viral evolution and t...Aim:Genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)class II molecules are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.We aimed to investigate the impacts of HLA-II haplotypes on viral evolution and the risks of HBV-caused liver diseases.Methods:HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes were estimated in 1210 healthy controls,296 HBV clearance subjects,301 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers,770 chronic hepatitis B patients,443 HBV-related liver cirrhosis(LC)patients,and 1037 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.HBV mutations were determined by sequencing.The associations of HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes with viral mutations and the risks of liver diseases were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:Compared to HBV-free subjects,the haplotypes CCAACG,CCGACG,TCAATA,and TCGATA were associated with decreased HCC risk,with an odds ratio(OR)[95%confidence interval(CI)]of 0.62(0.40-0.95),0.60(0.39-0.92),0.73(0.54-0.98),and 0.58(0.42-0.78),respectively.CCAACG,CCGACG,and TCAATA were significantly associated with decreased frequencies of the HCC-risk HBV mutations:preS1 deletion,APOBECsignature HBV mutations in the core promoter and preS regions,A51C/T,G104C/T,and G146C/T.TCGATA and TTAACG were associated with increased LC risk,with an OR(95%CI)of 1.54(1.03-2.30)and 2.23(1.50-3.33),respectively.However,TCGATA and TTAACG were not consistently associated with the cirrhosis-risk HBV mutations.Conclusion:CCAACG,CCGACG,and TCAATA are inversely associated with HCC risk,possibly because they are involved in creating an immune microenvironment attenuating the generation of HCC-risk HBV mutations.TCGATA and TTAACG might predispose the polarity of immunity towards Th17 isotype related to LC.展开更多
It is important to develop economical and durable electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion technology.However,the current catalysts still suffer from insufficient hydrogen adsorption energy.Herein,we report ...It is important to develop economical and durable electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion technology.However,the current catalysts still suffer from insufficient hydrogen adsorption energy.Herein,we report a kind of novel bi-phosphide catalyst through constructing heterogeneous structures and cation doping.The obtained sample delivers an outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance at all pH range.As oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalyst,Fe-CoP@Ni_(2)P samples show an overpotential of 237 mV at 50 mA·cm^(−2) in alkaline solution.For electrolysis of water,Fe-CoP@Ni_(2)P catalysts deliver a cell voltage of 1.59 V at 50 mA·cm^(−2) and long durability.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation further confirms that the doped heterostructure promotes Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption.And the significant increase in the density of total states(DOS)also enhances the catalytic activity of HER.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072409)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010403)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project(No.ts201712020)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QE062)
文摘CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52172218)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (No. 2019WNLOKF017)。
文摘To develop highly active and low-cost electrocatalyst is very important to improve the efficiency of water splitting.However,the current catalysts still present serious challenges due to the poor intrinsic activity and high overpotential.Herein,we report several amino induced Co-based composite catalysts.As a structure-mediating agent,ethylenediamine (EDA) can not only regulate the crystal structure and but also provide many surface amino groups.The obtained ZnCo_(2)S_(4)/CoZn_(13) catalysts show an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (274 mV@50 mA cm^(-2)) and the overpotential of 160 mV at-10 mA cm^(-2) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).For electrolysis of water,the electrocatalysts deliver a cell voltage of 1.61 V at 50 m A cm^(-2).This study provides a facile synthetic strategy to construct advanced electrocatalysts for future applications.
基金This work was supported by Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYZD2019013)the Scientific Research Staring Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYLXHG2019001).
文摘Background The corresponding author's experience and recent methods employed in autologous costal cartilage grafts combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)in Asian rhinoplasty were presented in this study.Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of rhinoplasty performed on patients using autogenous costal cartilage grafts combined with an ePTFE implant.Methods Seventy-five rhinoplasty cases with autologous costal cartilage grafts and an ePTFE implant were retrospectively reviewed.Graft types,complications associated with the graft itself or graft harvesting,surgical outcomes,and patient satisfaction were assessed.Results The mean follow-up time post-operation was 13.5 months.A total of 42/75 patients underwent revision surgeries.Graft-related complications were found in 8%of cases,including two warped graft and four infection cases.Three individuals with infections had mild graft resorption.One patient with an infection removed the implant.Graft exposure,mobility,and substantial resorption were not recorded.A total of two cases underwent revision procedures for infection and perforation,respectively.Chest incision lengths for graft harvesting averaged 2.1 cm.No pneumothorax or significant donor-site pain was found.Donor-site scars were negligible,although two cases had hypertrophic chest scars.In general,functional and esthetic outcomes were mostly satisfactory among the assessed patients.Conclusions Rhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage provides adequate support and sufficient cartilage amounts for correcting nasal contouring.Meanwhile,ePTFE alone for nasal dorsum augmentation safely achieves satisfactory outcomes.Rib cartilage rhinoplasty performed by an experienced surgeon yields excellent,long-lasting results with minimal risk;however,the potential for infection should be considered following revision surgery.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0708700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22322815,22179146,51672309,51172285,51372277)+5 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2020CXGC010402)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.18CX07009A)YanKuang Group Co.,Ltd.(No.YKZB2020-167)the Young Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn20182027)Taishan Scholar Project(No.ts201712020)the Technological Leading Scholar of 10000 Talent Project(No.W03020508).
文摘Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals is a promising process under mild conditions,nevertheless confronting great challenges in efficiently activating C-H bonds and inhibiting over-oxidation.Herein,we propose a comprehensive strategy for the selective generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by regulating the sizes and facets of Au nanoparticles loaded on ZnO.For photocatalytic methane oxidation at ambient temperature,a high oxygenates yield of 36.4 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) with a nearly 100%selectivity has been achieved over the optimized 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6(1%Au with(111)facet and 9.6 nm size on ZnO)photocatalyst,exceeding most reported literatures.Mechanism investigations reveal that 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6 with the medium size and Au(111)facet guarantees the favourable formation of superoxide radicals(·OOH)through mild oxygen reduction,ultimately leading to excellent photocatalytic methane oxidation performance.This work provides some guidance for the delicate design of photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic methane oxidation and oxygen utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(No.ts201712020).
文摘Silicon monoxide(SiO)is widely recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.Owing to its metastable amorphous structure,SiO exhibits a highly complex degree of crystallization at the microscopic level,which significantly influences its electrochemical behavior.As a consequence,accurately regulating the crystallization of SiO,and further establishing the relationship between crystallinity and electrochemical performance are very critical for SiO anodes.In this article,carbon-coated SiO materials with different crystallinity degrees were synthesized using lithium hydroxide monohydrate(LiOH·H_(2)O)as a structural modifier to reveal this rule.Additionally,moderate amount of LiOH·H_(2)O addition results in the forming of an oxygen-rich shell,which effectively inhibits the inward migration of oxygen atoms on the SiO surface and suppresses volume expansion.However,the crystallinity of SiO will gradually enhance and the crystalline phase appears with increasing the amount of LiOH·H_(2)O,which will generate a deteriorative Li+diffusion kinetic.After balancing the above two contradictions,a mass fraction of 1%LiOH·H_(2)O for the additive yielded SiO@C-1,characterized by optimal crystallinity.SiO@C-1 demonstrates exceptional long-cycle stability with 74.8%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A·g^(-1).Furthermore,it achieves a capacity retention of 52.2%even at a high density of 5 A·g^(-1).This study first reveals the relationship between SiO crystallinity and electrochemical performance,which efficiently guides the design of high-performance SiO anodes.
基金This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81520108021,91529305,81673250,and 81521091 to GC,and 81373067 to JY)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(22XD1404800 to JY)the National Key Basic Research Program(973 program)(2015CB554000 to GC,and 2015CB554005 to JY).We acknowledge Dr.Mei Liu and Dr.Donghong Liu who took part in key experiments concerning ChIP-qPCR,subcellular localization of circGLS2 and western blot assays during revising this study.
文摘Dear Editor,Growing evidences indicate that circRNAs affect hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression.1,2,3,4 Understanding the roles of circRNAs in HCC recurrence helps develop innovated therapies.To identify novel HCC recurrence-related circRNA,thirteen HCC patients were subjected to a multi-omics analysis of mRNA,circRNA.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81673250,81520108021,91529305Key discipline fromthe“3-year public health promotion”programof Shanghai Municipal Health Commission。
文摘Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period.Methods:Using raw data from the national mortality surveillance system of China,we assessed the mortalities of all cancer and site-specific cancers during the 2004-2018 period.The participants were divided into three age groups:≥65 years,40-64 years,and≤39 years.Changing trends in cancer death by gender,residency,and tumor location were estimated using fitting joinpoint models to log-transformed crude mortality rates(CMRs)and age-standardizedmortality rates(ASMRs).Results:Cancer death accounted for 24% of all-cause of death in China during 2014-2018.The CMR of all cancer was 150.0 per 100,000 persons.Cancer was the leading cause of death in the population<65 years.The six major cancer types(lung/bronchus cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophagus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer)accounted for 75.85% of all cancer deaths.The CMR of all cancer increased while the ASMR decreased during 2014-2018(P<0.001).Lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer were the leading causes of cancer death in the population<65 years,accounting for 45.31%(CMR)and 44.35%(ASMR)of all cancer death,respectively.The ASMR of liver cancer was higher in the 40-64 years population than in the≥65 years population,in contrast to the other five major cancers.The ASMRs of liver cancer,stomach cancer,and esophagus cancer decreased although they were higher in rural residents than in urban residents;the ASMRs of lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents although they were higher in urban residents than in rural residents during 2014-2018.Conclusion:Although the ASMR of all cancer decreased in China during 2004-2018,lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer remained the leading causes of cancer-related premature death.Lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(973 program)(2015CB554000 to GC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81520108021 and 91529305 to G.C.,81672518 and 81101928 to X.T.)the Three-year Action Plan on Public Health,Phase IV,Shanghai,China(15GWZK0801 to GC).
文摘Background:We previously showed that the expression of follistatin-like protein 1(FSTL1)was significantly down-regulated in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).In this study,we aimed to characterize the role of FSTL1 in the development of ccRCC.Methods:The effects of FSTL1 on cell activity and cell cycle were investigated in ccRCC cell lines with altered FSTL1 expression.Gene expression microarray assays were performed to identify the major signaling pathways affected by FSTL1 knockdown.The expression of FSTL1 in ccRCC and its effect on postoperative prognosis were estimated in a cohort with 89 patients.Results:FSTL1 knockdown promoted anchorage-independent growth,migration,invasion,and cell cycle of ccRCC cell lines,whereas FSTL1 overexpression attenuated cell migration.FSTL1 knockdown up-regulated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)signaling pathways,increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,up-regulated interleukin-6 expression,and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α-induced degradation of NF-κB inhibitor(IκBα)in ccRCC cell lines.FSTL1 immunostaining was selectively positive in epithelial cytoplasm in the loop of Henle,and positive rate of FSTL1 was significantly lower in ccRCC tissues than in adjacent renal tissues(P<0.001).The mul-tivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the intratumoral FSTL1 expression conferred a favorable independent prognosis with a hazard ratio of 0.325(95%confidence interval 0.118-0.894).HIF-2αexpression was negatively cor-related with FSTL1 expression in ccRCC specimens(r=−0.229,P=0.044).Intratumoral expression of HIF-2α,rather than HIF-1α,significantly predicted an unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC(log-rank,P=0.038).Conclusions:FSTL1 plays a tumor suppression role possibly via repressing the NF-κB and HIF-2αsignaling pathways.To increase FSTL1 expression might be a candidate therapeutic strategy for metastatic ccRCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91529305,81520108021,and 81673250 to GC)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 program)(2015CB554006 to GC).
文摘Aim:Genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)class II molecules are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.We aimed to investigate the impacts of HLA-II haplotypes on viral evolution and the risks of HBV-caused liver diseases.Methods:HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes were estimated in 1210 healthy controls,296 HBV clearance subjects,301 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers,770 chronic hepatitis B patients,443 HBV-related liver cirrhosis(LC)patients,and 1037 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.HBV mutations were determined by sequencing.The associations of HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes with viral mutations and the risks of liver diseases were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:Compared to HBV-free subjects,the haplotypes CCAACG,CCGACG,TCAATA,and TCGATA were associated with decreased HCC risk,with an odds ratio(OR)[95%confidence interval(CI)]of 0.62(0.40-0.95),0.60(0.39-0.92),0.73(0.54-0.98),and 0.58(0.42-0.78),respectively.CCAACG,CCGACG,and TCAATA were significantly associated with decreased frequencies of the HCC-risk HBV mutations:preS1 deletion,APOBECsignature HBV mutations in the core promoter and preS regions,A51C/T,G104C/T,and G146C/T.TCGATA and TTAACG were associated with increased LC risk,with an OR(95%CI)of 1.54(1.03-2.30)and 2.23(1.50-3.33),respectively.However,TCGATA and TTAACG were not consistently associated with the cirrhosis-risk HBV mutations.Conclusion:CCAACG,CCGACG,and TCAATA are inversely associated with HCC risk,possibly because they are involved in creating an immune microenvironment attenuating the generation of HCC-risk HBV mutations.TCGATA and TTAACG might predispose the polarity of immunity towards Th17 isotype related to LC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172218).
文摘It is important to develop economical and durable electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion technology.However,the current catalysts still suffer from insufficient hydrogen adsorption energy.Herein,we report a kind of novel bi-phosphide catalyst through constructing heterogeneous structures and cation doping.The obtained sample delivers an outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance at all pH range.As oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalyst,Fe-CoP@Ni_(2)P samples show an overpotential of 237 mV at 50 mA·cm^(−2) in alkaline solution.For electrolysis of water,Fe-CoP@Ni_(2)P catalysts deliver a cell voltage of 1.59 V at 50 mA·cm^(−2) and long durability.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation further confirms that the doped heterostructure promotes Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption.And the significant increase in the density of total states(DOS)also enhances the catalytic activity of HER.