Alleviation of the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress through an esterification of xanthan gum reinforcing its double helix structure

As a natural organic polymer,xanthan gum(XG)can alleviate the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress and realize the reasonable regulation of the rheological properties of gel ink.However,as the double-helix structure connected by hydrogen bonds cannot resist the mechanical environment of strong stress,XG shows poor shear resistance.In this study,a polymer gel with interpenetrating polymer network structure was prepared by esterifying XG,taking polystyrene maleic anhydride(SMA)as the modifier.In addition to retaining the excellent rheological properties of XG,the generated polymer gel also exhibited high shear resistance.The optimal addition amount of the esterification reaction modifier was determined as mXG:mSMA=5:3 according to the gel ink standard.With this amount,the viscosity of the modified xanthan gum(SXG)gel increased to 1578.8 mPa·s and 100.7 mPa·s at shear rates of 4 s1 and 383 s1,respectively,and the shear resistance increased more than 2 times compared to the unmodified one.It is because of the ester bond formed by esterification that the reaction strengthens the interaction between molecular segments,enabling the new gel to resist to strong mechanical stress.The new polymer gel studied in this paper and the proposed mechanism of action provide new insights for the development of high-end gel ink and also provide theoretical support for the study of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids.

Deep near infrared light-excited stable synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapies based on P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer constructed via a non-cyanine dye

The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)under the stimulation of near-infrared(NIR)light(commonly 808 nm).Unfortunately,the stability of NIR-excited cyanine dyes is not satisfactory.These cyanine dyes can be attacked by self-generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)during PDT processes,resulting in structural damage and rapid degradation,which is fatal for phototherapy.To address this issue,a novel non-cyanine dye(IR890)was elaborately designed and synthesized by our team.The maximum absorption wavelength of IR890 was located in the deep NIR region(ca.890 nm),which was beneficial for further improving tissue penetration depth.Importantly,IR890 exhibited good stability when continuously illuminated by deep NIR light.To improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility,the hydrophobic IR890 dye was grafted onto the side chain of hydrophilic polymer(POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-C≡CH)via click chemistry.Then,the synthesized POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-IR890 amphiphilic polymerwas utilized to prepare P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer via self-assembly method.Under irradiation with deep NIR light(850 nm,0.5 W/cm^(2),10 min),the dye degradation rate of P-IR890 was less than 5%.However,IR780 was almost completely degraded with the same light output power density and irradiation duration.In addition,P-IR890 could stably generate a large number of ROS and heat at the same time.It was rarely reported that the stable synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT could be efficiently performed by a single photosensitizer via irradiation with deep NIR light.P-IR890 exhibited favorable anti-tumor outcomes through apoptosis pathway.Therefore,the P-IR890 could provide a new insight into the design of photosensitizers and new opportunities for synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT.

Crop rotation-dependent yield responses to fertilization in winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Differences in soil physical, chemical and biological properties between paddy–upland and continuous upland rotations will influence nutrient relations and crop growth. With the aim of estimating rapeseed yield performance in response to fertilization in rice–rapeseed(RR) and cotton–rapeseed(CR) rotations, on-farm experiments were conducted at 70 sites across Hubei province, central China. The economically optimal fertilizer rates of winter oilseed rape in different rotations were determined. Field experiments showed that previous crops significantly influenced seed yields. Without N fertilization,seed yields were significantly lower for the RR rotation than for the CR rotation. The average yield increase ratio and agronomic efficiency associated with nitrogen(N)fertilization in the RR rotation were 96.6% and 6.56 kg kg- 1, significantly higher than those in the CR rotation. No seed yield differences were detected between the two rotations under phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilization. In contrast to the CR rotation, N fertilizer played a more vital role in maintaining high seed yields in the RR rotation owing to the lower indigenous soil N supply. Compared with local N fertilizer recommendation rates for the RR rotation, on average an additional 18 kg N ha- 1was recommended according to the economically optimal N fertilizer rate(EONFR). In contrast, the EONFR was 14 kg N ha- 1lower than the locally recommended N fertilizer rate for the CR rotation. There were no differences between the two rotations for the average economically optimal P and K fertilization rates. Consequently, the average EONFR of winter oilseed rape could be reduced if cotton rather than rice preceded the winter oilseed rape.

Imbalance between nitrogen and potassium fertilization influences potassium deficiency symptoms in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves

Chlorosis at leaf margins is a typical symptom of potassium(K) deficiency, but inappropriate application of K with other nutrients often masks symptoms of K deficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted to measure the interactive effects of N and K on leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation and the resulting growth dilution effect on K concentration and leaf K deficiency symptoms. N application aggravated the imbalance of N and K nutrients and further exacerbated K deficiency symptoms under K limitation. Synergistic effects of N and K promoted plant growth, amplified the growth dilution effect, and reduced the critical K concentration in leaves. Using 90% of the maximum shoot biomass as a threshold,the critical K concentration was 0.72% at the recommended N(N180) fertilization level. The critical K concentration increased by 62.5% owing to the reduced biomass under insufficient N(N;) supply. In contrast, high N(N;) reduced the critical K concentration(0.64%), accelerating chlorophyll decomposition and exacerbating K deficiency symptoms. The basis of changing the critical K concentration by magnifying growth dilution effect was the functional synergistic effect of N and K on photosynthetic characteristics. Under insufficient N, the low maximum carboxylation rate(V;) limited the net photosynthetic rate(An) and necessitated more K to maintain high CO;transmission capacity, to improve the total conductance g;/V;ratio. High N supply increased gtotand V;possibly mitigating the effect of K reduction on photosynthesis. In conclusion, it is unwise to judge K status of plants only by K concentration without accounting for crop mass(or dilution effect), critical K concentration and deficiency symptoms are affected by N fertilization, and the synergistic effect of N and K on leaf photosynthesis is the foundation of maximal growth of plants under diverse critical K concentrations.

Effects of controlled-release urea application on the growth, yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency of cotton

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of the controlled release urea (CRU) application on growth yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency of cotton in the main cotton zone of the Yangtze River basin in 2010. Different nitrogen levels were set in order to determine the suitable dosage of CRU on cotton. The special purpose was to provide evidence for the CRU application in cotton fields. The results show that the application of CRU promotes the growth of cotton significantly and enhances the nitrogen supply in the whole period. Compared to the treatment with total N as base fertilizer (UB), the bod, flower, little bolls and total bolls are increased significantly. There are no significant differences in the yield between the CRU treatment and the treatment of controlled release urea and urea combined application (60%CRU + 40%U), but an increase by 12.38%-22.67% compared to the UB treatment, and an increase by 4.49%-7.23% compared to the treatments of total N split application (UD). The nitrogen uptake of CRU treatment was significantly increased by 13.01%-48.32% and 30.27%-13.01% than UB treatment and UD treatment, respectively. The nutrient recovery efficiency of CRU treatment is increased by 16.42-20.59, 5.92-11.29 and 4.22-12.59 percentage points compared to the UB treatment, UD treatment and 60%CRU + 40%U treatment, respectively. In this study, there was a good linearity relationship between the cotton yield and amount of CRU in Wuxue site. The yield of cotton response to amount of CRU could be described by the model of linear plus plateau in Jingzhou site.

化学实验教学改革促进师范院校培养卓越化学教师

实验教学是验证理论知识、培养实验技能、提高学生科学素养的重要途径。在课程思政引领下,广西师范大学化学与药学学院通过科学设计化学实验课程教学大纲,精心组织教学内容,开展“学”、“练”、“讲”、“写”相互协同的实验教学,实施能力导向的过程性考核评价,在实验教学中实现师范性和学术性的深度融合,促进师范院校培养高素质、专业化、创新型、卓越化学教师。

消防减阻用聚合物/表面活性剂复配体系实验探索

在全球能源紧张的背景下,“过程节能”手段的探索具有重要意义。消防工作在国民经济和社会发展中占据重要地位,将添加剂湍流减阻技术引进到消防系统,在不额外增大能耗的前提下能直接提高消防水的射出速度和射程,在提高灭火效率的同时节省水泵功耗。根据消防水流特点,初步选定聚氧乙烯/十八烷基三甲基氯化铵/水杨酸钠的聚合物/表面活性剂复配体系作为研究对象,通过测试该体系的减阻性能和表面张力,证实此体系可以用作消防系统减阻添加剂,但需控制聚合物浓度。研究发现复配体系的减阻性能及表面张力表现主要依赖于聚、表分子之间的相互作用,因此聚、表分子间相互作用强的体系,才更适合用作消防减阻聚/表复配添加剂。

A novel FGFR1 inhibitor CYY292 suppresses tumor progression,invasion,and metastasis of glioblastoma by inhibiting the Akt/GSK3β/snail signaling axis

Glioblastoma(GBM)is a malignant brain tumor that grows quickly,spreads widely,and is resistant to treatment.Fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes,including proliferation,survival,migration,and dif-ferentiation.FGFR1 was predominantly expressed in GBM tissues,and FGFR1 expression was negatively correlated with overall survival.We rationally designed a novel small molecule CYY292,which exhibited a strong affinity for the FGFR1 protein in GBM cell lines in vitro.CYY292 also exerted an effect on the conserved Ser777 residue of FGFR1.CYY292 dose-depen-dently inhibited cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,stemness,invasion,and migration in vitro by specifically targeting the FGFR1/AKT/Snail pathways in GBM cells,and this effect was prevented by pharmacological inhibitors and critical gene knockdown.In vivo experiments revealed that CYY292 inhibited U87MG tumor growth more effectively than AZD4547.CYY292 also efficiently reduced GBM cell proliferation and increased survival in orthotopic GBM models.This study further elucidates the function of FGFR1 in the GBM and reveals the effect of CYY292,which targets FGFR1,on downstream signaling pathways directly reducing GBM cell growth,invasion,and metastasis and thus impairing the recruitment,activation,and function of immune cells.

FGF4 protects the liver from immune-mediated injury by activating CaMKKβ-PINK1 signal pathway to inhibit hepatocellular apoptosis

Immune-mediated liver injury (ILI) is a condition where an aberrant immune response due to various triggers causes the destruction of hepatocytes. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) was recently identified as a hepatoprotective cytokine;however, its role in ILI remains unclear. In patients with autoimmune hepatitis (type of ILI) and mouse models of concanavalin A (ConA)- or S-100-induced ILI, we observed a biphasic pattern in hepatic FGF4 expression, characterized by an initial increase followed by a return to basal levels. Hepatic FGF4 deficiency activated the mitochondria-associated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, aggravating hepatocellular apoptosis. This led to intrahepatic immune hyper-reactivity, inflammation accentuation, and subsequent liver injury in both ILI models. Conversely, administration of recombinant FGF4 reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and rectified immune imbalance, thereby mitigating liver damage. The beneficial effects of FGF4 were mediated by hepatocellular FGF receptor 4, which activated the Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinasekinase 2 (CaMKKβ) and its downstream phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-dependent B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein 1-isoform L (Bcl-XL) signalling axis in the mitochondria. Hence, FGF4 serves as an early response factor and plays a protective role against ILI, suggesting a therapeutic potential of FGF4 and its analogue for treating clinical immune disorder-related liver injuries.

Author correction to‘FGF4 protects the liver from immune-mediated injury by activating CaMKKβ-PINK1 signal pathway to inhibit hepatocellular apoptosis’[Acta Pharm Sin B 14(2024)1605–1623]

The authors regret that due to the mistake of copying and pasting in the process of assembling figures and negligence in the proofreading,there are picture pasting errors in Fig.8 and Supporting Information Fig.S2,respectively,but the above errors did not affect the conclusion.The author has now revised Fig.8 and Fig.S2 as follows.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the journal and readers.

Corrigendum to"A novel FGFR1 inhibitor CYY292 suppresses tumor progression,invasion,and metastasis of glioblastoma by inhibiting the Akt/GSK3β/snail signaling axis"[Genes&Diseases 11(2024)479-494]

The authors regret that in Figure 3C,the Western Blot(WB)image representing GAPDH levels was mistakenly chosen as the same image for ERK(indicated by the red dotted-line rectangle).We have attached the original WB strip for GAPDH to demonstrate that this was an unintentional error in image selection.Additionally,we noticed that the Transwell images in the two upper panels of the right column in Figure 4J are misleading due to errors in image selection.We have attached the original data to show that this was also an unintentional error.We assure you that these two corrections do not alter the scientificconclusionof thearticle.

Predicting the Hot Topics with User Sentiments

Social applications such as Weibo have provided a quick platform for information propagation, which have led to an explosive propagation for hot topic. User sentiments about propagation information play an important role in propagation speed, which receive more and more attention from data mining field. In this paper, we propose an sentiment-based hot topics prediction model called PHT-US. PHT-US firstly classifies a large amount of text data in Weibo into different topics, then converts user sentiments and time factors into embedding vectors that are input into recurrent neural networks (both LSTM and GRU), and predicts whether the target topic could be a hot spot. Experiments on Sina Weibo show that PHT-US can effectively predict the hot topics in the future. Social applications such as Weibo provide a platform for quick information propagation, which leads to an explosive propagation for hot topics. User sentiments about propagation information play an important role in propagation speed, and thus receive more attention from data mining field. In this paper, a sentiment-based hot topics prediction model called PHT-US is proposed. Firstly a large amount of text data in Weibo was classified into different topics, and then user sentiments and time factors were converted into embedding vectors that are input into recurrent neural networks (both LSTM and GRU), and future hotspots were predicted. Experiments on Sina Weibo show that PHT-US can effectively predict hot topics in the future.

The FGF metabolic axis

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play pleiotropic roles in cellular and metabolic homeostasis. During evolution, the ancestor FGF expands into multiple members by acquiring divergent structural elements that enable functional divergence and specification. Heparan sulfate-binding FGFs, which play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue remodeling homeostasis, adapt to an autocrine/paracrine mode of action to promote cell proliferation and population growth. By contrast, FGF19, 21, and 23 coevolve through losing binding affinity for extracellular matrix heparan sulfate while acquiring affinity for transmembrane α-Klotho (KL) or β-KL as a coreceptor, thereby adapting to an endocrine mode of action to drive interorgan crosstalk that regulates a broad spectrum of metabolic homeostasis. FGF19 metabolic axis from the ileum to liver negatively controls diurnal bile acid biosynthesis. FGF21 metabolic axes play multifaceted roles in controlling the homeostasis of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. FGF23 axes from the bone to kidney and parathyroid regulate metabolic homeostasis of phosphate, calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone that are important for bone health and systemic mineral balance. The significant divergence in structural elements and multiple functional specifications of FGF19, 21, and 23 in cellular and organismal metabolism instead of cell proliferation and growth sufficiently necessitate a new unified and specific term for these three endocrine FGFs. Thus, the term “FGF Metabolic Axis,” which distinguishes the unique pathways and functions of endocrine FGFs from other autocrine/paracrine mitogenic FGFs, is coined.

Trimetallic Au@PdPt core-shell nanoparticles with ultrathin PdPt skin as highly stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid solution

To design efficient and low-cost core-shell electrocatalysts with an ultrathin platinum shell, the balance between platinum dosage and durability in acid solution is of great importance. In the present work, trimetallic Au@PdPt core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)with Pd/Pt molar ratios ranging from 0.31:1 to 4.20:1 were synthesized based on the Au catalytic reduction strategy and the subsequent metallic replacement reaction. When the Pd/Pt molar ratio is 1.19:1(designated as Au@Pd_(1.19) Pt_1 NPs), the superior electrochemical activity and stability were achieved for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in acid solution. Especially, the specific and mass activities of Au@Pd_(1.19) Pt_1 NPs are 1.31 and 6.09 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, the Au@Pd_(1.19) Pt_1 NPs presented a good durability in acid solution. After 3000 potential cycles between 0.1 and 0.7 V(vs. Ag/AgCl), the oxygen reduction activity is almost unchanged. This study provides a simple strategy to synthesize highperformance trimetallic ORR electrocatalyst for fuel cells.

FGF21 alleviates microvascular damage following limb ischemia/reperfusion injury by TFEB-mediated autophagy enhancement and anti-oxidative response

Dear Editor,Microvascular damage is a pivotal pathological factor in lower limb ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.1 Excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation and disrupted autophagic flux have been recognized as the critical mechanism of cellular death,2,3 especially in I/R injury.Recent investigation has displayed that fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)exerts a protective effect against I/R injury via transcription factor EB(TFEB)-mediated autophagy and regulation of anti-oxidative response.4 However,the promising role of FGF21 in acute lower limb I/R injury remains elusive.

The safflower MBW complex regulates HYSA accumulation through degradation by the E3 ligase CtBB1

The regulatory mechanism of the MBW(MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex in safflower(Carthamus tinctorius) remains unclear. In the present study,we show that the separate overexpression of the genes CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, and CtWD40-6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased anthocyanin and procyanidin contents in the transgenic plants and partially rescued the trichome reduction phenotype of the corresponding bhlh41, myb63,and wd40-6 single mutants. Overexpression of CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, or CtWD40-6 in safflower significantly increased the content of the natural pigment hydroxysafflor yellow A(HYSA)and negatively regulated safflower petal size.Yeast-two-hybrid, functional, and genetic assays demonstrated that the safflower E3 ligase CtBB1(BIG BROTHER 1) can ubiquitinate CtbHLH41,marking it for degradation through the 26S proteasome and negatively regulating flavonoid accumulation. CtMYB63/CtWD40-6 enhanced the transcriptional activity of CtbHLH41 on the CtDFR(dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) promoter.We propose that the MBW-CtBB1 regulatory module may play an important role in coordinating HYSA accumulation with other response mechanisms.

钾营养状况介导的油菜叶片生长及其对叶际微生物的影响

为探究钾营养介导下的油菜(Brassica napus)叶片生长对叶际微生物群落的影响,利用田间试验,设置0、30和180 kg K_2O·hm^(-2) 3个钾肥用量,分别定义为K0 (钾缺乏)、K30 (钾不足)和K180 (钾充足) 3个钾营养水平。在苗期,分别选取典型叶片测定其表型参数,并利用16S-RNA基因高通量测序测定油菜叶际微生物群落组成。结果表明,不同钾肥用量显著影响油菜叶片的钾含量,与K0相比,K30和K180处理钾含量分别提高66.7%和158.3%。不同钾营养状况下,油菜叶片结构和组分存在明显差异,叶片钾含量与叶面积及叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和淀粉的含量呈显著正相关,而与叶片气孔密度呈显著负相关。钾肥施用显著影响油菜叶际微生物的多样性,与K0处理相比,施钾处理叶际微生物群落多样性指数显著升高,而K30和K180处理间无明显差异,但在群落的β多样性中,K30处理表现出更大的离散性。缺钾增加了油菜叶际变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度,使得黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)细菌显著富集。施用钾肥后细菌共现网络变简单,但促进了高丰度物种与其它物种的相互作用。通过联合分析油菜叶表型性状与叶际细菌群落,发现叶片糖组分(可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和淀粉)、干物质重以及叶面积是影响叶际细菌群落以及优势物种的关键因素。综上表明,施钾影响油菜叶片的物质组成,调控油菜叶际微生物群落结构,充足的钾营造的叶片微生物组“稳态”可能是钾营养增强作物生物胁迫抗性的潜在途径。

Hyperglycemia activates FGFR1 via TLR4/c-Src pathway to induce inflammatory cardiomyopathy in diabetes

Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we profiled an RTKs phosphorylation array in diabetic mouse hearts and identified increased phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (p-FGFR1) levels in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FGFR1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM. Using primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cell lines, we discovered that high-concentration glucose (HG) transactivates FGFR1 kinase domain through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Src, independent of FGF ligands. Knocking down the levels of either TLR4 or c-Src prevents HG-activated FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the elevated FGFR1 activity induces pro-inflammatory responses via MAPKs–NFκB signaling pathway in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes, which further results in fibrosis and hypertrophy. We then generated cardiomyocyte-specific FGFR1 knockout mice and showed that a lack of FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes prevents diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and preserves cardiac function in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 by a selective inhibitor, AZD4547, also prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These studies have identified FGFR1 as a new player in driving DCM and support further testing of FGFR1 inhibitors for possible cardioprotective benefits.

Single-atom Zn confined in hierarchical hollow microstructure as an acid/base-resistant microwave absorption materials

Developing acid/base-resistant and low-price microwave-absorbing materials with lighter weight is highly desired for practical applications in extreme environments.Herein,we demonstrate the successful synthesis of the N-doped porous carbon(NC)material with hierarchical pore structure by the spray pyrolysis method.The large specific surface area(SBET=707.53 m^(2)·g^(−1))of materials enables multiple scattering of incident electromagnetic waves,and N doping greatly enhances the electrical conductivity of the material.Notably,single-atom Zn can adjust the local electronic structure of adjacent sites such as carbon and nitrogen atoms,induce the center of polarization,and thus change the dielectric and electronic properties of the host material.The porous carbon coating of single-atom Zn avoids the deterioration of electromagnetic parameters caused by the accumulation of magnetic particles under high-temperature pyrolysis.At the same time,they can also be used in various complex environments,such as acidic and basic environments.Ultimately,NC-1000,with high surface area,low density,and good chemical stability,obtained a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of−50.5 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)exceeding 5.1 GHz at the thickness of 1.9 mm.After soaking in the strong acid and base solution,the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the material decreased by<15%.Widely available raw materials and a simple preparation scheme are expected to expedite industrial mass production for this novel type of materials.

FGF21 increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib under hypoxia

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common disease in human history and one of the main causes of cancer-related death.Insufficient oxygen supply in the tumor microenvironment forces cancer cells to survive in a mild hypoxia environment.Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),a member of the FGF family,has become the focus of public attention due to its outstanding achievements in diabetes and lipid lowering.However,the mechanism of FGF21 in HCC remains unclear.Objective:The aims of this study were to clarify whether or not FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib(SORA)under hypoxia and explore the possible mechanism.Methods:In this study,by using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide cell viability test,plate clone formation test,western blot analysis,Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining experiment,flow cytometry,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and subcutaneous tumor transplantation in mice,we studied the effects of recombinant human FGF21 combined with SORA on hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo.FGF21 could enhance the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3)under anaerobic conditions.When combined with SORA,FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to SORA and inhibit the growth and migration of hepatoma cells.Results:FGF21 may increase the sensitivity of HCC to SORA by enhancing the phosphorylation of Smad3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway under hypoxia.Conclusion:Our study suggested the possibility of combination therapy for SORA and FGF21 on HCC.