无创正压呼吸机治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对改善阿尔茨海默病血清生物标记物指标与认知功能的效果分析

目的:了解持续气道正压通气治疗是否可以改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者认知功能以及改善阿尔茨海默病重要生物标记物β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值。方法:入选阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者56例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、治疗组各28例。治疗组睡眠过程中给予持续正压无创呼吸机治疗结合有氧运动,对照组仅进行有氧运动,治疗6个月检测血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值,并使用华山版听觉词语学习测验(auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version,AVLT-H)和动物词语流畅性量表(animal fluency test,AFT)来评估认知功能。结果:治疗6个月时,治疗组血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);AVLT-H即刻回忆评分、AFT评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:持续气道正压通气治疗可明显改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的记忆和言语功能,并降低HCY和Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40)比值,对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的认知障碍可能具有改善作用。

Ultrathin Zincophilic Interphase Regulated Electric Double Layer Enabling Highly Stable Aqueous Zinc‑Ion Batteries

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions.Regulating the elec-trical double layer via the electrode/electrolyte interface layer is an effective strategy to improve the stability of Zn anodes.Herein,we report an ultrathin zincophilic ZnS layer as a model regu-lator.At a given cycling current,the cell with Zn@ZnS electrode displays a lower potential drop over the Helmholtz layer(stern layer)and a suppressed diffuse layer,indicating the regulated charge distribution and decreased electric double layer repulsion force.Boosted zinc adsorption sites are also expected as proved by the enhanced electric double-layer capacitance.Consequently,the symmetric cell with the ZnS protection layer can stably cycle for around 3,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) with a lower overpotential of 25 mV.When coupled with an I2/AC cathode,the cell demonstrates a high rate performance of 160 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and long cycling stability of over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).The Zn||MnO_(2) also sustains both high capacity and long cycling stability of 130 mAh g^(-1) after 1,200 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).

楼宇智能化在建筑电气应用中存在的问题对策分析

论文对楼宇智能化在建筑电气应用中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。首先,指出了楼宇智能化的重要意义,随后探讨了在实际应用中所面临的问题,包括设备兼容性、系统安全性、成本压力等方面。针对这些问题,提出了加强标准化建设、提高系统安全性、降低成本、加强设备管理和维护等措施。最后,展望了未来楼宇智能化的发展前景,预见了智能化系统将变得更加智能、高效、便捷,为建筑电气应用带来更多的可能性和发展空间。

抗污染羧化二氧化钛/海藻酸钙水凝胶过滤膜的制备及染料截留性能

以纳米羧化二氧化钛为增强剂,海藻酸钠为成膜基材,通过Ca^(2+)离子交联制备抗污染羧化二氧化钛/海藻酸钙(TiO_(2)-COOH/CaAlg)水凝胶过滤膜。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对复合膜的化学结构与形貌进行表征,并研究复合膜的力学性能、染料截留性能及抗污染性能。结果表明,相比于二氧化钛,羧化二氧化钛在复合膜中分散更均匀,利用Ca^(2+)离子对羧化二氧化钛中-COOH与海藻酸钠中-COOH的协同交联作用,提高了水凝胶膜的力学性能。羧化二氧化钛含量为20%时,复合膜的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸模量和断裂能均最大,对染料直接黑38的截留率可达到96%,且受原料液pH值、无机盐NaCl和Na2SO4的影响较小,在0.1 MPa操作压力下过滤直接黑38/Na_(2)SO_(4)混合溶液12 h,复合膜对直接黑38的截留率保持在93%以上,渗透通量在15 L/(m^(2)·h)左右。

氯化锌水溶液为溶剂制备的聚丙烯腈过滤膜

为了避免使用有机溶剂引起的环境污染问题,以高浓度氯化锌水溶液为溶剂,氧化-还原引发丙烯腈聚合得到的聚丙烯腈(PAN)为铸膜液,以水为凝固浴制备聚丙烯腈过滤膜,记为PAN(ZnCl2)膜。同时以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂溶解商品化PAN,以水为凝固浴制备PAN过滤膜,记为PAN(DMF)膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对2种膜的形貌结构进行表征,研究了2种膜的力学性能、亲水性、抗污染性,以及对不同染料的过滤性能。结果表明,PAN(ZnCl2)膜比PAN(DMF)膜在亲水性、抗污染性、力学性能方面均有提高。在0.1 MPa的压力下,PAN(ZnCl2)膜的纯水通量达到70 L/(m2·h),染料溶液的通量在50~65 L/(m2·h),对刚果红(Mw=696.68)、直接黄27(Mw=662.62)和苋菜红(Mw=604.47)的截留率分别为100%、100%和55%;PAN(DMF)膜的水通量达到150 L/(m2·h),其对刚果红、直接黄27和苋菜红的截留率仅为92%、68%和19%,且膜易被染料污染。

反式聚异戊二烯结晶性能与分子模拟的研究进展

概述了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)结晶行为的研究进展,如晶型的确定、晶型的形成条件、结晶的热力学和动力学过程、晶型之间的相互转化。其中重点介绍了TPI晶型的确定、α-晶型、β-晶型的反式-CTS-反式-CTS与反式-S^-TS分子链构象研究进展。对近年来分子模拟技术在结晶方面的相关研究,如TPI晶型的构建、多相体系的结晶状态、凝聚态下晶体的相关性质、复杂体系下的结晶过程、动态环境下分子结晶的动态行为模拟研究进行了介绍,包括晶型的构建,如α-晶型、β-晶型的空间原子坐标与各向同性、各向异性之间的内在关系。

双酚二炔丙醚/氰酸酯共混树脂的制备与性能

合成了双酚A二炔丙醚(BADPE)和双酚E二炔丙醚(BEDPE)2种炔丙醚,分别与双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy)和双酚E型氰酸酯(BEDCy)共混制备了4种改性氰酸酯树脂。对改性氰酸酯的固化反应、热性能及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,双酚二炔丙醚(BPDPE)可催化氰酸酯的固化反应,降低固化反应温度和反应活化能,加入中性镍催化剂可显著降低共混树脂的起始固化温度(T_(i)),200℃时可实现共混树脂的固化。BPDPE改性氰酸酯树脂固化物在氮气中5%热失重(T_(d5))温度在370℃以上,800℃残留率(Y_(r800℃))可达40%以上,在空气中的T_(d5)保持在380℃以上、极限氧指数(LOI)高于34%。BPDPE改性氰酸酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度(T_(g))高于200℃。BPDPE改性BEDCy树脂催化固化的浇铸体弯曲强度达129.4 MPa、弯曲模量达4.3 GPa、冲击强度达27.3 kJ/m^(2)。

丁腈胶乳原位加氢制备氢化丁腈橡胶的研究进展

目前,氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)主要由贵金属溶液加氢的方法进行制备,但面临环境污染和贵金属成本高的问题,由此文中介绍了二酰亚胺原位氢化丁腈橡胶(NBR)制备HNBR的方法。选用水合肼催化剂,胶乳作为反应介质,以二酰亚胺原位的方式对NBR胶乳进行催化加氢,有效避免了贵金属催化剂及有机溶剂的使用,简化了加氢工艺,成本降低,与此同时,胶乳加氢的副产物为氮气和水,对环境无污染,是一种绿色高效的加氢方法。制备的HNBR具有优异的耐老化性能和耐油性能等综合性能,因此广泛应用于石油、汽车、航空航天及军工等领域。

Influence of chromium modification on the properties of MnO_x-FeO_x catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3

Catalytic properties of MnOx-FeOx complex oxide （hereafter denoted as Mn-Fe） catalysts modified with different loadings of chromium oxide were investigated by using the combination of physico-cbemical techniques, such as N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high-resolution transmission electron microscope （HRTEM）, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （in situ FT-IR） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） and their catalytic activities were evaluated with the selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx by NH3. It was found that with the addition of Cr, more NO could be removed in the low-temperature window （below 120 ℃）. Among the tested catalysts, Mn-Fe- Cr （2 ： 2 ： 1） catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance at 80 ℃ with the NO conversion higher than 90%. The combination of the reaction and characterization results indicated that （1） the strong interaction among tertiary metal oxides existed in the catalysts when Cr was appropriately added, which made the active components better dispersed with less agglomeration and sintering and the largest BET specific surface area could be obtained; （2） Cr improved the low-temperature reducibility of the catalyst and promoted the formation of the active intermediate （-NH3＋）, which favored the low-temperature SCR reaction.

Upcycling of spent LiCoO_(2) cathodes via nickel- and manganese-doping

Direct recycling has been regarded as one of the most promising approaches to dealing with the increasing amount of spent lithium‐ion batteries(LIBs).However,the current direct recycling method remains insufficient to regenerate outdated cathodes to meet current industry needs as it only aims at recovering the structure and composition of degraded cathodes.Herein,a nickel(Ni)and manganese(Mn)co‐doping strategy has been adopted to enhance LiCoO_(2)(LCO)cathode for next‐generation high‐performance LIBs through a conventional hydrothermal treatment combined with short annealing approach.Unlike direct recycling methods that make no changes to the chemical composition of cathodes,the unique upcycling process fabricates a series of cathodes doped with different contents of Ni and Mn.The regenerated LCO cathode with 5%doping delivers excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 160.23 mAh g^(−1) at 1.0 C and capacity retention of 91.2%after 100 cycles,considerably surpassing those of the pristine one(124.05 mAh g^(−1) and 89.05%).All results indicate the feasibility of such Ni–Mn co‐doping‐enabled upcycling on regenerating LCO cathodes.

Nb_2O_5-carbon core-shell nanocomposite as anode material for lithium ion battery

Nb2O5-carbon nanocomposite is synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal reaction from sucrose as the carbon source, and stuclled as an anode material for high-performance lithium ion battery. The structural characterizations reveal that the nanocomposite possesses a core-shell structure with a thin layer of carbon shell homogeneously coated on the Nb2O5 nanocrystals. Such a unique structure enables the composite electrode with a long cycle life by preventing the Nb2O5 from volume change and pulverization during the charge-discharge process. In addition, the carbon shell efficiently improves the rate capability. Even at a current density of 500 mA.g-1, the composite electrode still exhibits a specific capacity of ~100 mAh.g-1. These results suggest the possibility to utilize the Nb2O5-carbon core-shell composite as a high performance anode material in the practical application of lithium ion battery.

Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

Room-temperature sputtered electrocatalyst WSe2 nanomaterials for hydrogen evolution reaction

The low-temperature physical vapor deposition process of atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide(2D TMD) has been gaining attention owing to the cost-effective production of diverse electrochemical catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) applications. We, herein, propose a simple route toward the cost-effective physical vapor deposition process of 2D WSe2 layered nanofilms as HER electrochemical catalysts using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature(<27℃). By controlling the variable sputtering parameters, such as RF power and deposition time, the loading amount and electrochemical surface area(ECSA) of WSe2 films deposited on carbon paper can be carefully determined. The surface of the sputtered WSe2 films are partially oxidized, which may cause spherical-shaped particles. Regardless of the loading amount of WSe2, Tafel slopes of WSe2 electrodes in the HER test are narrowly distributed to be ~120–138 mV dec-1, which indicates the excellent reproducibility of intrinsic catalytic activity. By considering the trade-off between the loading amount and ECSA, the best HER performance is clearly observed in the 200 W-15 min sample with an overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Such a simple sputtering method at low temperature can be easily expanded to other 2D TMD electrochemical catalysts, promising potentially practical electrocatalysts.

Clustering of Virtual Network Function Instances Oriented to Compatibility in 5G Network

Network functions virtualization(NFV) increases network flexibility and scalability by virtualizing network functions running on the general servers and opens the network innovations by outsourcing VNF instances in 5G networks.However,it leads to the incompatibility issue among different VNF instances,which makes operators difficult to determine which VNF instances to select for Service Function Chains(SFCs).In this paper,we divide VNF instances with high compatibility into clusters used for combining VNF instances in 5G networks.Firstly,we define compatibility among different VNF instances.Secondly,aiming to maximize compatibility of each cluster,we propose a novel hypergraph clustering model that divides the VNF instances into multiple clusters.Then,the hypergraph clustering model is transformed to an evolutionary game.Thus,the cluster establishing is transformed to the game equilibrium searching.Furthermore,we propose a discrete time high order replicator dynamic algorithm to find the game equilibrium.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the quality of SFCs.

Fabrication of immobilized nickel nanoclusters decorated by CxNy species for cellulose conversion to C2,3 oxygenated compounds:Rational design via typical C-and N-sources

Production of chemicals and fuels from microcrystalline cellulose has inspired scholars’ attention. Deactivation of metallic catalysts including acid leaching and hydrothermal aggregation is still one of the core issues in these systems. To address these problems, we designed and fabricated a series of Ni-W/SiO2 catalysts, which were decorated by CxNy species using C-and N- sources and applied in cellulose conversion to C2,3 oxygenated compounds. The Ni-W/SiO2@CxNy catalysts, underwent complexing and selfassembling process, exhibited special heterojunctions, accompanying strong interactions mainly among Ni phase and CxNy layers. Catalytic results showed that the heterojunctions and outer CxNy layers extensively enhanced productions of hydroxyacetone(HDA) and ethylene glycol(EG) and promoted the hydrothermal stability through prospering in concentration of Lewis pairs from Ni–N—N structure and immobilizing the metallic nanoclusters. 48.25% of EG was yielded under 5.0 MPa H2 pressurized 240 ℃ water for 2.0 h. The Lewis pair further improved the formation of HDA with 20.92% yield. High hydrothermal stability of NiW/SiO2@CxNy catalyst was proved according to the recycling results and trace leaching concentration of Ni and W. This construction of metallic catalysts exploited a new strategy to manufacture extraordinary durability of metallic nanoclusters for cellulose conversion under harsh reaction conditions.

Revealing the role of mo doping in promoting oxygen reduction reaction performance of Pt_(3)Co nanowires

Highly active and durable electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)are imperative for the commercialization application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.By manipulating ligand effect,structural control,and strain effect,we report here the precise preparation of Mo-doped Pt_(3)Co alloy nanowires(Pt_(3)Co-Mo NWs)as the efficient catalyst towards ORR with high specific activity(0.596 mA cm^(−2))and mass activity(MA,0.84 A mg^(−1)_(Pt)),much higher than those of undoped counterparts.Besides activity,Pt_(3)Co-Mo NWs also demonstrate excellent structural stability and cyclic durability even after 50,000 cycles,again surpassing control samples without Mo dopants.According to the strain maps and DFT calculations,Mo dopants could modify the electronic structure of both Pt and Co to achieve not only optimized oxygen-intermediate binding energy on the interface but also increased the vacancy formation energy of Co,together leading to enhanced activity and durability.This work provides not only a facile methodology but also an in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and properties to provide general guidance for future design and optimization.

Low-temperature and high-voltage planar micro-supercapacitors based on anti-freezing hybrid gel electrolyte

Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are considered as highly competitive power sources for miniaturized electronics.However,narrow voltage window and poor anti-freezing properties of MSCs in conventional aqueous electrolytes lead to low energy density and limited environmental adaption.Herein,we report the construction of low-temperature and high-energy-density MSCs based on anti-freezing hybrid gel electrolytes(HGE)through introducing ethylene glycol(EG)additives into aqueous LiCl electrolyte.Since EG partially destroys hydrogen bond network among water molecules,the HGE exhibits maximum electrochemical stability window of 2.7 V and superior anti-freezing features with a glass transition temperature of-62.8℃.Further,the optimized MSCs using activated carbon microelectrodes possess impressive volumetric capacitance of 28.9 F cm^(-3)and energy density of 10.3 mWh cm^(-3)in the voltage of 1.6 V,2.6 times higher than MSCs tested in 1.2 V.Importantly,the MSCs display 68.3%capacitance retention even at-30℃ compared to the value at 25℃,and ultra-long cyclability with 85.7%of initial capacitance after 15,000 times,indicating extraordinary low-temperature performance.Besides,our devices offer favorable flexibility and modular integration.Therefore,this work provides a general strategy of realizing flexible,safe and anti-freezing microscale power sources,holding great potential towards subzero-temperature microelectronic applications.

A dual-signal sensor for the analysis of parathion-methyl using silver nanoparticles modified with graphitic carbon nitride

A highly sensitive and selective method was developed for both UVevis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs). This method used silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) modified with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4). The AgNPs reduced the fluorescence intensity of g-C_3N_4. Acetylthiocholine(ATCh) could be catalytically hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase(AChE) to form thiocholine, which induces aggregation of the AgNPs. This aggregation led to the recovery of the blue fluorescence of g-C_3N_4, with excitation/emission peaks at 310/460 nm. This fluorescence intensity could be reduced again in the presence of OPs because of the inhibitory effect of OPs on the activity of AChE. The degree of reduction was found to be proportional to the concentration of OPs, and the limit of fluorometric detection was 0.0324 mg/L(S/N=3). In addition, the absorption of the g-C_3N_4/AgNPs at 390 nm decreased because of the aggregation of the AgNPs, but was recovered in presence of OPs because of the inhibition of enzyme activity by OPs. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of parathion-methyl in real samples.

Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible and Multifunctional Zinc-Ion Batteries and Capacitors

Flexibility and multifunctionality are now becoming inevitable worldwide tendencies for electronic devices to meet modern life's convenience,efficiency,and quality demand.To that end,developing flexible and wearable energy storage devices is a must.Recently,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)and zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs)stand out as two of the most potent candidates for wearable electronics due to their excellent electrochemical performance,intrinsic safety,low cost,and functional controllability.Simultaneously,polymer electrolytes'introduction and rational design,especially various hydrogels,have endowed conventional ZIBs and ZICs with colorful functions,which has been regarded as a perfect answer for energy suppliers integrated into those advanced wearable electronic devices.This review focuses on the functional hydrogel electrolytes(HEs)and their application for ZIBs and ZICs.Previously reported HEs for ZIBs and ZICs were classified and analyzed,from the flexibility to mechanical endurance,temperature adaptability,electrochemical stability,and finally cell-level ZIBs and ZICs based on multifunctional HEs.Besides introducing the diverse and exciting functions of HEs,working principles were also analyzed.Ultimately,all the details of these examples were summarized,and the related challenges,constructive solutions,and futural prospects of functional ZIBs and ZICs were also dedicatedly evaluated.

LiPAA with Short-chain Anion Facilitating Li_(2)S_(x)(x≤4)Reduction in Lean-electrolyte Lithium–sulfur Battery

Lean electrolyte usage in lithium–sulfur battery(LSB)meets the demand of the high energy density.However,lean condition makes the electrolyte-related interface discrete,leading to retardation of ion transfer that depends on interfaces.Consequently,electrochemical reactions face restraint.Herein,lithium polyacrylate acid(LiPAA)with short-chain anions(molecular weight of 2000)is introduced into the cathode.Because of the polysulfide(PS)-philic instinct of the short-chain PAA anions,short-chain PS is captured inside of the cathode.In addition,LiPAA supplies Li^(+)to the short-chain PS captured.The strong interaction between Li_(2)S_(4)and LiPAA effectively decreases Li_(2)S_(4)migration to the anode during discharging.In a sense,the ion mass transfer pattern is thus changed comparing to traditional long-way mode between cathode and anode.Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)proves that the interfacial reaction resistance is greatly decreased in the region where Li_(2)S_(x)(x≤4)reduction contributes most.In the same time,the reversibility of electrochemical reduction/oxidation is improved.Owing to the accelerated Li_(2)S_(x)(x≤4)reduction,Li implanting of only 0.3 wt.%plus O introduction up to 1.4 wt.%enables the LSB perform well even with 1/4 of regular electrolyte dosage(5μL mg^(-1))and high-sulfur loading(4.2 mg cm^(-2)),increasing its rate capacity C_(0.8/0.5)from 52.6%(without the LiPAA)to 92.3%(with the LiP AA)as well as a capacity of 518.7 mAh g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.8 mA cm^(-2).