Elimination Progress of Human Rabies in Beijing,1973-2023:A Descriptive Epidemiological Study

Rabies is a vaccine-preventable disease with a global goal of zero human deaths by 2030.However,this currently results in an annual loss of millions of disability-adjusted life years,particularly in developing countries[1].China experienced a peak in human rabies cases,with over 3,300 reported incidents in 2007.However,the subsequent implementation of robust measures,including enhanced animal management and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis(PEP),has led to a more than 90%reduction in rabies cases from 2007 to 2023[2].The epidemiological trend of human rabies in Beijing,the capital of China,has similarly undergone three stages since 1973.This study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the observed epidemiological characteristics in Beijing from 1973 to 2023 and to assess the progress made toward elimination targets.

Screening of Substrate Formulas for Culture of Auricularia auricula Mycelia with Byproducts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the source of substitutive substrate raw materials for cultivation of edible fungi,reduce the cutting and use of woody materials,and realize harmless treatment and resource utilization of byproducts from Chinese medicine production and bamboo processing.[Methods]Traditional Chinese medicine residue and bamboo shavings were used to partially replace hardwood sawdust in the conventional formula,and the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelia in large test tubes under different substrate formulas was studied.[Results]The results showed that the mycelia of A.auricula could grow normally on substrates with byproducts,and the mycelia grew differently with different formulas,and the performance of different strains of the same species was also different.Compared with the conventional formula,the suitable substitution amount of bamboo shavings for A.auricula strains was 10%-30%,and the substitution amount of Chinese medicine residue was 5%-15%.[Conclusions]This study provides reference for the efficient utilization of byproducts and the expansion of raw material sources for production of edible fungi.

A preliminary report on adjuvant analgesic efficacy of HANS in opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain

Objective： To observe the adjuvant analgesic efficacy of Han＇s Acupoint Nerve Stimulator （HANS） in opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain. Methods： A prospective non-controlled study was conducted. Opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain were enrolled and treated with both routinely analgesics and adjuvant HANS （2/100 Hz for 30 min/d, 5 d on and 2 d off for two weeks）. Cancer pain, quality of life （QOL）, anxiety and depression were assessed before enrollment and on d 8 and d 15 with the BPI-C, EORTC QLQ-C30, and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）/ self-rating depression scale （SDS）, respectively; the therapeutic frequency of breakthrough pain （BP） and daily opioid dose were also recorded. Results： Totally 47 patients meeting the inclusion criteria participated in this study; 43 patients completed the two-week treatment and assessment. The mean scores of patient＇s ＂worst＂ and ＂least＂ pain intensity assessed with BPI-C decreased significantly on d 8 and d 15; the therapeutic frequency of BP also significantly decreased; but the average daily dose of opioids did not change significantly. For the nine symptoms in EORTC QLQ-C30 assessment, the mean scores of pain, fatigue, constipation and insomnia were significantly lower on d 8 and d 15 compared with baseline; the mean scores of the overall health status, nausea/vomiting and the incidence rates of both anxiety and depression also decreased significantly on d 15. Conclusions： To opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain, adjuvant treatment with HANS could improve pain release and patients＇ QOL by decreasing the severity of pain, fatigue, constipation, insomnia and other concomitant symptoms; it could also decrease the incidence rates of anxiety and depression.

Effects of Drought Stress on Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Soybean at the Flowering Stage under Different Soil Substrates

Soybean is an important legume food crop,and its seeds are rich in nutrients,providing humans and animals with edible oil and protein feed.However,soybean is sensitive to water requirements,and drought is an important factor limiting soybean yield and quality.This study used Heinong 84(drought resistant variety)and Hefeng 46(intermediate variety)as tested varieties planted in chernozem,albic,and black soils.The effects of drought stress on the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean were studied during the flowering stage,most sensitive to water.(1)The activities of SS-1,6PGDH,and G6PDH enzymes in soybean leaves first increased and then decreased under drought stress.The enzyme activity was the highest under moderate drought stress and weakest in the blank group.(2)Drought stress increased Phi2,PhiNO,and Fm in soybean leaves and reached the highest value under severe drought;with the increase in drought stress,PhiNPQ and Fv/Fm of soybean leaves gradually decreased,reaching the lowest under severe drought.(3)With the increase in drought stress,F0 and Fs of soybean leaves showed a single peak curve,and the maximum was at moderate drought.(4)Correlation analysis showed that F0 was greatly affected by varieties and soil types;Fs,F0,and Fm soil varieties had a great influence,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were affected differently under drought stress with different drought degrees.(5)Drought stress changed the agronomic traits and yield of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,plant height,node number of main stem,effective pod number,100-seed weight and total yield decreased continuously.(6)Drought stress affected the dry matter accumulation of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,the dry matter accumulation gradually decreased.Among them,the leaf was most seriously affected by drought,and SD decreased by about 55%compared with CK.Under the condition of black soil,the dry matter accumulation of soybean was least affected by drought.

Effects of Localized Interface Phonons on Heat Conductivity in Ingredient Heterogeneous Solids

Phonons are the primary heat carriers in non-metallic solids.In compositionally heterogeneous materials,the thermal properties are believed to be mainly governed by the disrupted phonon transport due to mass disorder and strain fluctuations,while the effects of compositional fluctuation induced local phonon states are usually ignored.Here,by scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy and sophisticated calculations,we identify the vibrational properties of ingredient-dependent interface phonon modes in Alx Ga1-x N and quantify their various contributions to the local interface thermal conductance.We demonstrate that atomic-scale compositional fluctuation has significant influence on the vibrational thermodynamic properties,highly affecting the mode ratio and vibrational amplitude of interface phonon modes and subsequently redistributing their modal contribution to the interface thermal conductance.Our work provides fundamental insights into understanding of local phonon-boundary interactions in nanoscale inhomogeneities,which reveal new opportunities for optimization of thermal properties via engineering ingredient distribution.

Direct visualization of structural defects in 2D semiconductors

Direct visualization of the structural defects in two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors at a large scale plays a significant role in understanding their electrical/optical/magnetic properties,but is challenging.Although traditional atomic resolution imaging techniques,such as transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy,can directly image the structural defects,they provide only local-scale information and require complex setups.Here,we develop a simple,non-invasive wet etching method to directly visualize the structural defects in 2D semiconductors at a large scale,including both point defects and grain boundaries.Utilizing this method,we extract successfully the defects density in several different types of monolayer molybdenum disulfide samples,providing key insights into the device functions.Furthermore,the etching method we developed is anisotropic and tunable,opening up opportunities to obtain exotic edge states on demand.

Training Mode of Aquaculture Professionals in Local Applied Marine Colleges and Universities

In the training of aquaculture professionals,there are problems such as unreasonable structure of teachers,unclear understanding of aquaculture by parents and students,poor practical ability of students,lack of grass-roots aquaculture talents,and imperfect multi-party cooperation training mechanism.In view of the above situation,the training mode of applied talents in aquaculture needs to be reformed and innovated.In this paper,some measures to establish the training mode of aquaculture professionals were proposed,including strengthening students’correct understanding of the major,improving the curriculum system for cultivating applied talents,establishing a training model for practical teaching,improving the practical ability of teachers,increasing the provision of high-quality educational resources,and adopting school-enterprise cooperation,so as to cultivate high-quality and high-tech aquatic talents under the training mechanism of applied talents.

Nanoscale cathodoluminescence spectroscopy probing the nitride quantum wells in an electron microscope

To gain further understanding of the luminescence properties of multiquantum wells and the factors affecting them on a microscopic level,cathodoluminescence combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy was used to measure the luminescence of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N five-period multiquantum wells.The lattice-composition-energy relationship was established with the help of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,and the bandgaps of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N and GaN in multiple quantum wells were extracted by electron energy loss spectroscopy to understand the features of cathodoluminescence spectra.The luminescence differences between different periods of multiquantum wells and the effects of defects such as composition fluctuation and dislocations on the luminescence of multiple quantum wells were revealed.Our study establishing the direct relationship between the atomic structure of In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N multiquantum wells and photoelectric properties provides useful information for nitride applications.

人工智能语音技术在招生考试领域的应用研究

在招生考试部门的服务体系中,对外服务电话有其独特的优势,一直以来在给考生答疑解惑方面发挥着重要的作用。但传统的固定座机式电话服务存在单一线路、难打通、无法全天候服务等弊端。该研究通过聚焦招生考试服务体系的信息化、智能化、数字化转型,探索构建智能语音客服系统,利用智能语音技术优化升级招生考试院对外服务电话,从而提升考生咨询体验,提高工作人员工作效率;还针对招生考试服务的应用场景,进行智能语音客服系统的整体设计,并在实际考试中进行了测试。实践证明:智能语音客服系统有效降低了40%左右的人工接打电话次数,让更多的考生问题能够及时得到解决,全面提升了招生考试服务质量。

时钟基因Bmal1对鼻咽癌移植瘤放疗敏感性的影响

目的:探讨双向调控时钟基因Bmal1(brain and muscle arnt-like1)对鼻咽癌CNE1裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及与放疗敏感性的关系。方法:采用慢病毒感染方法,构建Bmal1基因CNE1OE(过表达组)、CNE1OENC(过表达对照组)、CNE1sh3(低表达组)、CNE1shNC(低表达对照组)4株细胞,Western blot验证各组细胞Bmal1蛋白表达情况;4株细胞分别皮下注射相应的4组裸鼠,移植瘤生长后测量其体积;给予6-MeV电子线15 Gy照射裸鼠移植瘤,观察放疗后各组移植瘤体积变化情况。剥离移植瘤,RTPCR及Western blot分别检测Bmal1、P53、P21 mRNA及蛋白表达情况。结果:Western blot结果提示,与各自对照组对比,CNE1OE组Bmal1蛋白过表达,CNE1sh3组Bmal1蛋白低表达,表明细胞转染成功。成功构建裸鼠移植瘤模型,CNE1OE组裸鼠移植瘤体积明显小于CNE1OENC组,CNE1sh3组体积明显大于CNE1shNC组(P<0.05)。放疗后,CNE1OE、CNE1OENC、CNE1shNC组裸鼠移植瘤体积均缩小(P<0.05),其中CNE1OE组缩小最明显。CNE1sh3组放疗前后自身体积变化差异无统计学意义。Bmal1基因、P53及P21的mRNA及蛋白相对表达量在CNE1OE组明显高于CNE1OENC组(P<0.05),CNE1sh3组则明显低于CNE1shNC组(P<0.05)。结论:Bmal1基因过表达能抑制鼻咽癌CNE1裸鼠移植瘤生长,增强其放疗敏感性,可能与P53、P21蛋白上调相关;敲低则促进移植瘤生长,导致其辐射抗拒,可能与P53、P21蛋白下调相关。

Progression of targeted therapy in advanced cholangiocarcinoma

It is necessary to establish an effective therapy to improve the survival of patients with advanced eholangiocarcinoma （CCM. Recently, with the development of pathology research in CCA, a lot of special bio-markers such as EGFR, VEGF, HER2, and MEK et al. could be over expression or mutations in CCA patients. According to their changes, combinations of targeted therapy plus chemotherapy are now recognized as effective therapies for advanced CCA. The aim of this paper is to analyze recent promising studies about targeted therapy alone or combination with each other or with chemotherapies.

Nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks:Chinese expert consensus

Background Major infectious disease has become a serious threat to people’s health worldwide.As the world’s largest healthcare workforce and the core forces fighting against the epidemic,nurses are on the frontline of this battle.A number of ethical issues have given rise to numerous concerns that have largely affected nurses in different ways as they respond to the epidemic.In addition,excessive expectations from people can exert undue pressure,which can easily lead to burnout in nurses.Methods In this consensus,the expert panel method was used to develop and reach a consensus.The members involved in the formation of the consensus included an expert discussion panel and a consensus writing expert group,a methodologist,and four secretaries.After 16 rounds of online expert consultation and two rounds of expert panel meetings,the writing team analyzed and reviewed the 78 amendments suggested by the experts to develop a consensus on nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks based on the ethical vision of life care.Results This expert consensus focuses on five essential domains:the responsibilities and rights of nurses,the nurse-patient relationship,the doctor-nurse relationship,and the relationship between society and nurses throughout the epidemic.Conclusions We hope this consensus can help nurses better understand and respond to the ethical issues and challenges in public health emergencies,and raise reasonable public expectations of the roles and responsibilities of nurses in these situations.

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the management of cancer patients with anemia: a meta-analysis

Background： Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents （ESAs） are widely used in the management of anemia in cancer patients. Despite their apparent effectiveness, recent studies have suggested that ESAs could result in serious adverse events and even higher mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the benefits and risks of ESAs in the management of cancer patients with anemia using a recta-analysis. Methods： The initial literature search covered Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, and identified 1,569 articles. The final meta-analysis included eight randomized controlled trials （n=2,387） in cancer patients with 〈11 g/dL hemoglobin （Hb） at the baseline and target Hb （for stopping ESA treatment） at no more than 13 g/dL. The assessment measures included Hb response, blood transfusion rate and adverse events that included venous thromboemblism （VTE）, hypertension, and on-study mortality. The results are expressed as pooled odds ratio （OR）. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot analysis. Results： ESAs significantly increased the Hb concentration [OR 7.85, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 5.85 to 10.53, P〈O.O01] and reduced the red blood cell （RBC） transfusion rate （OR 0.52, 95% CI： 0.42 to 0.65, P〈0.001）. ESAs did not increase the accumulated adverse events （OR 0.95, P=0.82）, or the on-study mortality （OR 1.09, P=0.47）. Conclusions： ESAs are not associated with increased frequency of severe adverse events in anemic cancer patients when the target Hb value is no more than 13 g/dL.

Transcriptome Analysis of Soybean in Response to Different Sulfur Concentrations

Sulfur is an indispensable nutrient for plant growth and development,and is important in the synthesis of sulfurcontaining amino acids.Although several studies on the effects of some macronutrients,including nitrogen and phosphorus,have been conducted on the performance of several crops at the genomic level,studies on the effect of sulfur on crop performance are limited.Therefore,this study aimed to examine the effect of different sulfur concentration on the transcriptome of soybean.Additionally,soybean yield parameters were also examined.Two soybean varieties,DND252 and HN84,were exposed to low and high concentrations of sulfur,and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using transcriptome analysis.The study results showed that the DEGs identified in the DND252 variety were involved in stimuli response,DNA binding and cell periphery under low sulfur concentrations.Also,the DEGs identified under high sulfur concentration were involved in membrane and membrane parts.Additionally,DEGs identified in the HN84 variety under low sulfur concentrations had similar functions as those identified in DND252 under high sulfur concentrations,indicating that HN84 was more sensitive to sulfur concentration changes than DND252.However,under higher sulfur concentrations,the DEGs identified in HN84 were primarily involved in membrane and membrane parts,indicating that high sulfur can cause cell membrane damage.Furthermore,soybean grown using 2.0 mmol/L sulfur had the best yield.The findings of this study identified candidate genes for the breeding and development of sulfur-efficient soybean varieties.

The 2022 report of synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China:Accelerating transition in key sectors

China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.

Thermally induced band hybridization in bilayer-bilayer MoS2/WS2 heterostructure

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),being valley selectively,are an ideal system hosting excitons.Stacking TMDs together to form heterostructure offers an exciting platform to engineer new optical and electronic properties in solid-state systems.However,due to the limited accuracy and repetitiveness of sample preparation,the effects of interlayer coupling on the electronic and excitonic properties have not been systematically investigated.In this report,we study the photoluminescence spectra of bilayer-bilayer MoS_(2)/WS_(2) heterostructure with a typeⅡband alignment.We demonstrate that thermal annealing can increase interlayer coupling in the van der Waals heterostructures,and after thermally induced band hybridization such heterostructure behaves more like an artificial new solid,rather than just the combination of two individual TMD components.We also carry out experimental and theoretical studies of the electric controllable direct and indirect infrared interlayer excitons in such system.Our study reveals the impact of interlayer coupling on interlayer excitons and will shed light on the understanding and engineering of layer-controlled spin-valley configuration in twisted van der Waals heterostructures.

Special Focus Issue on oncology nursing

International Journal of Nursing Sciences is the official publication of Chinese Nursing Association publishing a wide spectrum of nursing sciences to promote excellence in nursing practice and health care.Cancer is a very complex disease and nursing plays a crucial role in improving the physiological and psychosocial status among patients living with cancer.The multi-disciplinary approaches and efforts are required to understand and manage cancer in an effective and efficient manner.This Special Focus Issue is intended to encompass that of multi-disciplinary researchers in the global community and from any scientific discipline where the primary focus of the research is to increase and integrate knowledge about cancer nursing with the ultimate aim of advancing the cure, prevention and rehabilitation of this increasingly devastating disease.To achieve these aims, the Special Focus Issue publishes articles that address a range of topics relating to cancer nursing.

Research Progress on Occurrence and Biological Control of Citrus Blue Mold

Citrus blue mold. is an important disease of Citrus postharvest storage and transportation, and a major factor affecting the long-term storage of citrus. The pathogens, harm symptoms as well as the infection circulation of Citrus blue mold were introduced, followed by a summary of the progress on the biological control of Citrus blue mold in recent years, with the aim to provide references for the prevention and control of Citrus blue mold.

Circulating IgG antibody against FOXP3 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer

Background: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) has been found to be overexpressed by a range of cancer cells and correlated with prognosis of tumors. This finding raises the possibility that the development of anti-FOXP3 antibody test may be useful for clinical application. Objective: The present work was designed to test whether circulating autoantibody to FOXP3 was altered in lung cancer. Methods: 271 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 227 in control subjects matched in age, gender and smoking history were recruited. Circulating anti-FOXP3 IgG antibody was tested using an in-house enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results: Student’s t-test showed that the levels of IgG autoantibody to FOXP3 were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than control subjects (t = 7.67, P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95% CI 0.65 - 0.75, SE ± 0.024), in which patients at stage 2 had the highest AUC of 0.75 (95%CI 0.67 - 0.81, SE ± 0.037), with a sensitivity of 31.4% against a specificity of 90.3%. Analysis of quality control samples gave an inter-assay deviation of 13.3% among 45 plates tested. Conclusions: Circulating IgG autoantibody to FOXP3 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer.

Isoniazid-Induced Facial Tics in a Patient on Hemodialysis

We report isoniazid (INH) induced tics in one male patient on hemodialysis at end-stage renal failure. He had pulmonary tuberculosis, accepted isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and rifampicin. He developed tics on both sides of the face. Surprisingly, he was also found the bilateral symmetrical frontal lobe and dentate nucleus hyperintensities on T2-weighted and T2 FLAIR MR imaging. After excluding other causes, INH induced neurological side effect was suspected so the drug was stopped, pyridoxine was added and hemoperfusion was applicated. Tics disappeared after 1 week.