无创正压呼吸机治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对改善阿尔茨海默病血清生物标记物指标与认知功能的效果分析

目的:了解持续气道正压通气治疗是否可以改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者认知功能以及改善阿尔茨海默病重要生物标记物β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值。方法:入选阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者56例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、治疗组各28例。治疗组睡眠过程中给予持续正压无创呼吸机治疗结合有氧运动,对照组仅进行有氧运动,治疗6个月检测血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值,并使用华山版听觉词语学习测验(auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version,AVLT-H)和动物词语流畅性量表(animal fluency test,AFT)来评估认知功能。结果:治疗6个月时,治疗组血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);AVLT-H即刻回忆评分、AFT评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:持续气道正压通气治疗可明显改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的记忆和言语功能,并降低HCY和Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40)比值,对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的认知障碍可能具有改善作用。

Vegetation characteristics and soil properties of artificially remediated grasslands:The case study of the Shimenhe mining area in Qilian Mountains,northwest China

The mining of limestone mines plays a crucial role in societal and economic advancement.However,mining activities have led to destructive variations in grassland ecology and soil,causing numerous environmental problems,and effective artificial restoration measures have been used to restore grasslands in the Shimenhe mining areas to different degrees.In this study,we investigated,examined and analyzed plant community structure and its correlation with soil properties across varying degrees of alpine grassland restoration in Qilian Mountains Shimenhe restoration mines using the sample method,and studied the changes in species diversity using five diversity indexes(Simpson index,Shannon index,Margalef index,Dominance index and Evenness index).This study showed that the plant community characteristics with high recovered degree(HRD)> middle recovered degree(MRD)> low recovered degree(LRD)> very low recovered degree(VLRD),11 plant genera comprising 11 species across 10 families were identified.Dominant families with robust ecological adaptability included Leguminosae,Rosaceae,Gramineae,Asteraceae,and Salicaceae.The highest Simpson,Shannon,Margalef and Evenness index of HRD grassland community species were 0.82,1.96,1.66 and 0.89,respectively.The highest Dominance index of VLRD grassland community species was 0.34,which required several restoration methods such as spraying and mulching.Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with increasing restoration,SOC,SMC,TP,AP,NH4-N,TN,AN and NO3-N tended to increase and the content of soil environmental factors contributed to vegetation growth across various restoration levels the mine grassland.In conclusion,our study indicated that the community structure gradually diversified and soil properties changed positively with the increase of restoration degrees in the Qilian Mountains Shimenhe mine,and the best results of HRD restoration were obtained.This study provides the theoretical basis for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in mining areas by demonstrating examined the correlation between plant characteristics and soil properties in restored grasslands in alpine mining areas.

Disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow as predictive classifiers for small cell lung cancer patients

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by early metastasis. Ane- uploid CD31- disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and CD31+ disseminated tumor endothelial cells (DTECs) residing in the bone marrow are generally considered as the initiators of metastatic process. However, the clinical signifi- cance of DTCs and DTECs in SCLC remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical implications of diverse subtypes of highly heterogeneous DTCs and DTECs in SCLC patients. Methods: Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) was applied to enrich and perform comprehensive morphologic, karyotypic, and phenotypic characterization of aneuploid DTCs and DTECs in 30 patients. Additionally, co-detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) was conducted on 24 of the enrolled patients. Proof-of-concept of the whole exon sequencings (WES) on precisely selected different subtypes of CTCs or DTCs, longitudinally detected from a representative case with pathologically confirmed bone marrow metastasis, was validated to feasibly reveal genetic mutations in these cells. Results: DTCs, DTECs and their subtypes were readily detectable in SCLC patients. Comparative analysis re- vealed that the number of DTCs and DTECs was significantly higher than that of their corresponding CTCs and CTECs ( P < 0.001 for both). Positive detection of disseminated tumor microemboli (DTM) or disseminated tumor endothelial microemboli (DTEM) was associated with inferior survival outcomes ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.048). Pa- tients with EpCAM+ DTCs detectable displayed significantly lower disease control rate (DCR) (16.67% vs 73.33%, P = 0.019), reduced median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) compared with those with EpCAM- DTCs ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.002, respectively). WES analysis indicated that post-treatment DTCs isolated from bone marrow at the time of disease progression shared more homologous somatic gene mu- tations with pre-treatment CTCs compared with post-treatment CTCs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bone marrow sampling and characterization of DTC subtypes provided a valuable tool for predicting treatment response and the prognosis in SCLC. Moreover, DTCs inherit a greater amount of homologous somatic information from pre-treatment CTCs, indicating their potential role in disease progression and treatment resistance.

第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验试题解析

对第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验操作考试试题命题、考试情况进行了总结,并对实验竞赛过程中反映出的当前实验教学所存在的问题进行了分析。

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of related substances in the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream by HPLC-TOF-MS and HPLC

Related substances in pharmaceutical formulations are associated with their safety, efficacy and stability. However, there is no overall study already published on the assessment of related substances in the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream. In this work, a reliable HPLC-TOF-MS qualitative method was developed for the analysis of related substances in this preparation with a quick and easy extraction procedure. Besides the active pharmaceutical ingredients, two compounds named ketoconazole impurity B′ optical isomer and ketoconazole impurity E were identified. Furthermore, a new HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative assessment on related substances and degradation products, which were found in the stability test, was established and validated. The single standard to determine multi-components method was applied in the quantitative analysis, which was an effective way for reducing cost and improving accuracy. This study can provide a creative idea for routine analysis of quality control of the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream.

Sulfonated carbon catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids by hydrogen peroxide

Sulfonated carbon as a strong and stable solid acid catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance in various acid-catalyzed reactions. Here, sulfonated carbon, as catalyst for oxidation reaction, was prepared via the carbonization of starch followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and acid-base titration were used to characterize the obtained materials. The catalytic activity of sulfonated carbon was studied in the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using 30 wt% H2O2 as oxidant. This oxidation protocol works well for various aldehydes including aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The sulfonated carbon can be recycled for three times without obvious loss of activity.

Conversion of syngas to higher alcohols over Cu-Fe-Zr catalysts induced by ethanol

Ethanol induced method was applied to prepare Cu-Fe-Zr catalysts for conversion of syngas to higher alcohols. The catalytic performance of the catalysts induced by ethanol was superior to that of the catalyst prepared by the conventional precipitation method. Among various procedures for ethanol induced method, it was found that incorporation of ethanol in the precipitation process was the better. After incorporation of ethanol, the crystal size of CuO decreased and the reduction of copper species became easier. The better activity of Cu-Fe-Zr catalysts prepared by ethanol induced procedures was probably caused by the higher dispersion of Cu species.

Hydrolysis of cellobiose catalyzed by zeolites—the role of acidity and micropore structure

The roles of acidity and micropore structure of zeolite were studied in the hydrolysis of the model oligosaccharide of cellulose–cellobiose. HZSM-5, HY, HMOR and Hβ zeolites were selected as model catalysts for the hydrolysis of cellobiose. The effect of acidity of zeolite, including the strength, type and location, on its catalytic activity was investigated. The strong Br？nsted acid sites located in micropores are the active sites for the hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose. Meanwhile, the catalytic performance of zeolite is also dependent on the micropore size of zeolite.

An Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach Based on Level Set Parameterization for Acoustic Source Identification Using Multiple Frequency Information

In this paper,a reconstruction problem of the spatial dependent acoustic source from multiple frequency data is discussed.Suppose that the source function is supported on a bounded domain and the piecewise constant intensities of the source are known on the support.We characterize unknown domain by the level set technique.And the level set function can be modeled by a Hamilton-Jacobi system.We use the ensemble Kalman filter approach to analyze the system state.This method can avoid to deal with the nonlinearity directly and reduce the computation complexity.In addition,the algorithm can achieve the stable state quickly with the Hamilton-Jacobi system.From some numerical examples,we show these advantages and verify the feasibility and effectiveness.

Application of Hankel Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Wide Area Monitoring of Subsynchronous Resonance

In recent years,subsynchronous resonance(SSR)has frequently occurred in DFIG-connected series-compensated systems.For the analysis and prevention,it is of great importance to achieve wide area monitoring of the incident.This paper presents a Hankel dynamic mode decomposition(DMD)method to identify SSR parameters using synchrophasor data.The basic idea is to employ the DMD technique to explore the subspace of Hankel matrices constructed by synchrophasors.It is analytically demonstrated that the subspace of these Hankel matrices is a combination of fundamental and SSR modes.Therefore,the SSR parameters can be calculated once the modal parameter is extracted.Compared with the existing method,the presented work has better dynamic performances as it requires much less data.Thus,it is more suitable for practical cases in which the SSR characteristics are timevarying.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method have been verified by both simulations and field data.

wbForming mechanism of collapse angle of fine blanking parts with sharp corners and influence of position of V-ring indenter of die on it

Fine blanking parts with sharp corners produce collapse angles in the fine blanking process,and larger collapse angles can affect the parts’ performance and lifetime. In this paper,a fine blanking part with sharp corners was taken as an example to analyze the forming mechanism of the collapse angles by DEFORM 3 D,then studying the influence of the position of the V-ring indenter of die on the collapse angle. It was concluded that the material’s metal flow line was intensive near the blanking clearance;The equivalent stress area of the material was mainly concentrated around the blanking clearance,and then gradually shrinked to joint of part and scrap;the closer the distance L was,and the smaller equivalent stress area was mainly concentrated around the blanking clearance was,and the smaller collapse angle was.

轻烃和二氧化碳水合物生成动力学促进剂研究进展

深海水合物法碳封存是一种极具应用前景的碳封存方法。二氧化碳水合物的生成是水合物法碳封存的基础,然而自然条件下气体水合物的生成速率极低。在强化气体水合物生成的各种方法中,使用动力学促进剂已被证实最为高效。尽管大量轻烃水合物动力学促进剂已被广泛而深入地研究,但它们并不一定适用于二氧化碳水合物。为了找出适合二氧化碳水合物生成的动力学促进剂,有必要对二氧化碳水合物促进剂和轻烃水合物促进剂加以区分。本工作针对轻烃水合物和二氧化碳水合物分别综述了动力学促进剂的发展历程及研究现状,对比分析了不同动力学促进剂对同种水合物、同种促进剂对上述两类水合物的作用效果,揭示了动力学促进剂对轻烃水合物和二氧化碳水合物强化效果的差别。基于动力学促进剂研究进展及存在的问题,对动力学促进剂强化不同水合物生成的机理研究、促进剂评价标准建立、水合物生成热移除强化、水合物生成强化效果的进一步提升进行了展望,以期为水合物法碳封存的实施提供新的思路。

植物根际促生菌Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1铁载体分泌相关功能基因的挖掘

【目的】为挖掘优良促生菌(PGPR)菌株,分析和定位功能基因,发现其科学价值和工业化开发,为农业生产服务。【方法】以Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1菌株为材料,采用二代和三代测序技术相结合的研究体系,对菌株进行全基因组测序研究,分析菌株核基因组可能存在的功能基因和菌株分泌铁载体相关的基因。【结果】本研究基因组序列拼接后总长度为5597907 bp,GC百分含量为35.57%,该菌株中与铁载体分泌相关的基因共9条,其中2条基因主要存在于Porphyrin metabolism途径,与细胞内铁的运输代谢有关。【结论】通过全基因组测序,最终确定了与铁载体分泌相关的功能基因为GYT1和GYT2,为下一步基因功能验证奠定了基础。

Controlling synthesis and gas-sensing properties of ordered mesoporous In2O3-reduced graphene oxide(r GO) nanocomposite

Herein, we describe a strategy for fabricating ordered mesoporous In2O3-reduced graphene oxide(r GO)nanocomposite through ultrasonic mixing, where ordered mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized via the nanocasting route by using mesoporous silica as a hard template, which possess ordered mesostructure with a large surface area of 81 m2g-1, and r GO nanosheets are synthesized from graphite via graphene oxide(GO) as intermediate. After coupled with r GO, mesoporous In2O3 could maintain its ordered mesostructure. We subsequently investigate the gas-sensing properties of all the In2O3 specimens with or without r GO for different gases. The results exhibit the ordered mesoporous In2O3-r GO nanocomposite possesses significantly enhanced response to ethanol even at low concentration levels, superior over pure mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles. Similar strategy could be extended to other ordered mesoporous metal oxide–r GO nanocomposite for improving the gas-sensing property.

Quality of terrestrial data derived from UAV photogrammetry:A case study of Hetao irrigation district in northern China

Most crops in northern China are irrigated,but the topography affects the water use,soil erosion,runoff and yields.Technologies for collecting high-resolution topographic data are essential for adequately assessing these effects.Ground surveys and techniques of light detection and ranging have good accuracy,but data acquisition can be time-consuming and expensive for large catchments.Recent rapid technological development has provided new,flexible,high-resolution methods for collecting topographic data,such as photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).The accuracy of UAV photogrammetry for generating high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and for determining the width of irrigation channels,however,has not been assessed.A fixed-wing UAV was used for collecting high-resolution(0.15 m)topographic data for the Hetao irrigation district,the third largest irrigation district in China.112 ground checkpoints(GCPs)were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system to evaluate the accuracy of the DEMs and channel widths.A comparison of manually measured channel widths with the widths derived from the DEMs indicated that the DEM-derived widths had vertical and horizontal root mean square errors of 13.0 and 7.9 cm,respectively.UAV photogrammetric data can thus be used for land surveying,digital mapping,calculating channel capacity,monitoring crops,and predicting yields,with the advantages of economy,speed and ease.

Mapping China’s offshore mariculture based on dense time-series optical and radar data

Due to the weak information about cultural targets in the complex marine environment,an omission problem exists in large-scale mariculture extraction using single-view and single-source images.To overcome this problem,we developed a mariculture extraction method that combines dense time-series Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data.A high-precision Chinese mariculture distribution map for 2020 was produced with an overall accuracy of 94.00%and a kappa coefficient of 0.91.The results show that(1)the total area of mariculture was 1173249.22 ha on the national scale,which was significantly larger than the previous studies(459595.70 and 205920.28 ha,respectively),with Shandong Province(39.09%)having the largest proportion;(2)China’s mariculture presented a spatial distribution characteristic of‘Denser North and Sparser South’,and mariculture was centralized in the coastal zones of the northern provinces(60.76%)rather than the southern provinces;(3)the official production statistics and remote sensing-derived mariculture area revealed a highly corresponding trend at the provincial level,with an R2 reaching 0.78,which is much higher than the 0.07 and 0.41 values of the comparison data.The results directly provide data reference for mariculture production estimation and site selection or ideas for mariculture extraction in other regions and globally.

Nanobody-based chimeric antigen receptor T cells designed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology for solid tumor immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor-based T-cell immunotherapy is a promising strategy for treatment of hematological malignant tumors;however,its efficacy towards solid cancer remains challenging.We therefore focused on developing nanobody-based CAR-T cells that treat the solid tumor.CD105 expression is upregulated on neoangiogenic endothelial and cancer cells.CD105 has been developed as a drug target.Here we show the generation of a CD105-specific nanobody,an anti-human CD105 CAR-T cells,by inserting the sequences for anti-CD105 nanobody-linked standard cassette genes into AAVS1 site using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.Co-culture with CD105+target cells led to the activation of anti-CD105 CAR-T cells that displayed the typically activated cytotoxic T-cell characters,ability to proliferate,the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the specific killing efficacy against CD105+target cells in vitro.The in vivo treatment with anti-CD105 CAR-T cells significantly inhibited the growth of implanted CD105+tumors,reduced tumor weight,and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing NOD/SCID mice.Nanobody-based CAR-T cells can therefore function as an antitumor agent in human tumor xenograft models.Our findings determined that the strategy of nanobody-based CAR-T cells engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 system has a certain potential to treat solid tumor through targeting CD105 antigen.

Real-time Subsynchronous Control Interaction Monitoring Using Improved Intrinsic Time-scale Decomposition

In recent years,subsynchronous control interaction(SSCI)has frequently taken place in renewable-connected power systems.To counter this issue,utilities have been seeking tools for fast and accurate identification of SSCI events.The main challenges of SSCI monitoring are the time-varying nature and uncertain modes of SSCI events.Accordingly,this paper presents a simple but effective method that takes advantage of intrinsic time-scale decomposition(ITD).The main purpose is to improve the accuracy and robustness of ITD by incorporating the least-squares method.Results show that the proposed method strikes a good balance between dynamic performance and estimation accuracy.More importantly,the method does not require any prior information,and its performance is therefore not affected by the frequency constitution of the SSCI.Comprehensive comparative studies are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the method through synthetic signals,electromagnetic temporary program(EMTP)simulations,and field-recorded SSCI data.Finally,real-time simulation tests are conducted to show the feasibility of the method for real-time monitoring.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Sphere with High Surface Area and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Mesoporous anatase TiO2 spheres with high surface area（119 m^2g^（-1）） were successfully synthesized via a facile and green template-free method. The prepared TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and UV–vis absorbance spectra. It was found that the prepared TiO2 is characterized by pure anatase phase, which shows uniform spheres and has a typical mesostructure with a high specific surface area and a large pore volume. The effects of complexant（acetylacetone） amount, crystallization temperature and calcination temperature were also investigated. Based on the results, a sketch for the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 was proposed. First, complex formed between tetrabutyl titanate and acetylacetone in ethanol. After introduction of aqueous of ammonia sulfate and urea, hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate would occur slowly,and sol of TiO2 was formed. Then, crystallization proceeded under hydrothermal conditions. Calcination process favored the formation of bigger TiO2 crystal through combining of the small crystals in TiO2.This led to the formation of bigger mesopores between TiO2 crystals. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 was evaluated by decomposition of methyl orange.

Incorporation of a histone mutant with H3K56 site substitution perturbs the replication machinery in mouse embryonic stem cells

Sense mutations in several conserved modifiable sites of histone H3 have been found to be strongly correlated with multiple tissuespecific clinical cancers.These clinical site mutants acquire a distinctively new epigenetic role and mediate cancer evolution.In this study,we mimicked histone H3 at the 56th lysine(H3K56)mutant incorporation in mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs)by lentivirus-mediated ectopic expression and analyzed the effects on replication and epigenetic regulation.The data show that two types of H3K56 mutants,namely H3 lysine 56-to-methionine(H3K56M)and H3 lysine 56-to-alanine(H3K56A),promote replication by recruiting more minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 and checkpoint kinase 1 onto chromatin compared with wild-type histone H3 and other site substitution mutants.Under this condition,the frequency of genomic copy number gain in H3K56M and H3K56A cells globally increases,especially in the Mycl1 region,a known molecular marker frequently occurring in multiple malignant cancers.Additionally,we found the disruption of H3K56 acetylation distribution in the copy-gain regions,which indicates a probable epigenetic mechanism of H3K56M and H3K56A.We then identified that H3K56M and H3K56A can trigger a potential adaptation to transcription;genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are partially upregulated,whereas genes associated with intrinsic apoptotic function show obvious downregulation.The final outcome of ectopic H3K56M and H3K56A incorporation in mESCs is an enhanced ability to form carcinomas.This work indicates that H3K56 site conservation and proper modification play important roles in harmonizing the function of the replication machinery in mESCs.