2016 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,

2017 Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application ofserum marker for thyroid cancer

In recent years, the clinical incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year, and its risk assessment and clinical management methods have also been accordingly modified and constantly improved. There are great differences between the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic modes and disease management of thyroid cancer employed by various medical institutions in China, particularly with regard to the clinical application of serum marker of thyroid cancer. To this end, the China Anti-Cancer Association Thyroid Cancer Specialized Committee Chinese Association of Thyroid Oncology organized this compilation of ExpertConsensus on Clinical Application of Serum Marker of Thyroid Cancer to help and impel relevant clinical institutions and professionals to standardize clinical diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of thyroid cancer, and to properly utilize the serum marker for scientific auxiliary clinical diagnosis and assessment of thyroid cancer before and after operation.

How Does van der Waals Confinement Enhance Phonon Transport?

We study the mechanism of van der Waals(vdW)interactions on phonon transport in atomic scale,which would boost developments in heat management and energy conversion.Commonly,the vdW interactions are regarded as a hindrance in phonon transport.Here we propose that the vdW confinement can enhance phonon transport.Through molecular dynamics simulations,it is realized that the vdW confinement is able to make more than two-fold enhancement on thermal conductivity of both polyethylene single chain and graphene nanoribbon.The quantitative analyses of morphology,local vdW potential energy and dynamical properties are carried out to reveal the underlying physical mechanism.It is found that the confined vdW potential barriers reduce the atomic thermal displacement magnitudes,leading to less phonon scattering and facilitating thermal transport.Our study offers a new strategy to modulate the phonon transport.

A state-of-the-art review of asphalt pavement surface texture and its measurement techniques

To understand the research status of asphalt pavement texture,the related achievements and progress of pavement surface texture were systematically sorted out from three aspects:the characterization of pavement surface texture,the texture measurement and evaluation,and the relationship between texture and the skid resistance.Based on the statistical geometric characteristics,the spectral characteristics,the fractal characteristics and the multifractal characteristics,the characteristics of pavement texture were discussed.The test methods of pavement texture were divided into two categories:direct measurement methods and indirect measurement methods.The advantages and disadvantages of each measurement method were summarized.The effects of macro-texture and micro-texture on asphalt pavement were discussed,respectively.The relationship between texture and skid resistance was studied.This review shows that multifractal theory should be further studied from the aspect of road engineering.High-precision non-contact integrated detection technology should be further studied to meet the needs of complex testing environments.The method of finite element numerical simulation has potential for the analysis of pavement skid resistance.In addition,methods such as big data analysis,neural network,and deep learning should be studied to achieve the intelligent perception and management of the whole state of skid resistance prediction.

Effect of raw materials and proportion on mechanical properties of magnesium phosphate cement

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cementitious material is a phosphate cement-based material with strengthformed by a serious of acid-base neutralization reactions among magnesium oxide, phosphate retarder and water,which has a high early strength and a broad application prospect in the field of pavement rehabilitation. Thisreview collects and organizes the latest progress in the field of research on the influencing factors of mechanicalproperties of magnesium phosphate cementitious materials worldwide in recent years, and discusses the possibilitiesof application in airport engineering.The type of phosphate has a great influence on the reaction products, and the strength of the reaction productsof ammonium salt is higher. Borax is the most commonly used retarder, and the retarding effect is related to theratio of boron to magnesium. However, borax retarders have an adverse effect on the strength of MPC. In terms ofthe influence of mineral admixtures on the properties of MPC, fly ash, silica fume and metakaolin, as commonmineral admixtures, have a positive influence on the mechanical properties of MPC, but the mechanism anddegree of the influence of the three materials on the strength of MPC are slightly different;Aggregates can alsoimprove the volume stability and mechanical properties of MPC by forming skeleton structure and slowing downthe exothermic reaction. In fiber reinforced MPC matrix, steel fiber is the most widely used and the bondingperformance between special-shaped steel fiber and MPC matrix is higher than that of straight fiber;basalt fiberhas also been proved to be used to improve the mechanical properties of MPC system.

Investigation of surface textures deterioration on pavement skid-resistance using hysteresis friction models and numerical simulation method

Many rubber friction theories or some method combined theories and field-experiments are employed to evaluate the pavement skid-resistance deterioration due to the evolution of surface textures.However,these methods are difficult to be implemented in the analysis of situations with multi-factor coupling and some extreme conditions.This study developed a framework to evaluate the skid-resistance deterioration of asphalt pavements.In this framework,the portable laser scanning was used to create the digital worn pavement model,and a hydroplaning finite element(FE)model for these digital worn pavements was constructed to evaluate coupling effects of the texture evolution and factors of slip ratio,slip angle,velocity and water film on braking-cornering characteristics of tire.In this study,the deterioration of skid-resistance of five typical asphalt pavements due the surface texture wear was systematically investigated by this framework.Compared with previous works,this study established the rubber friction models for each digital worn pavement considering the energy hysteresis of rubber and the power spectrum density of surface texture.And the rubber friction model was used to define the interaction behaviors between the tire and corresponding wore pavements in the FE hydroplaning model,rather than using an empirical friction model or a fixed friction coefficient.

Dynamic Stability and Fuzzy Reliability Analysis of Toppling Perilous Rock Under Seismic Excitation

To predict the occurrence of the collapse disaster in toppling perilous rock under the action of bidirectional earthquakes,the dynamic stability and fuzzy reliability calculation method of toppling perilous rock under the action of bidirectional earthquakes is proposed.First,the mass viscoelasticity model is used to simulate two main control surfaces of toppling perilous rock,the seismic dynamic response model and motion equation of toppling perilous rock are established based on the D'Alembert principle,and the Newmark-β method is used to solve the dynamic motion equation.Then,the instability event of toppling perilous rock is considered a fuzzy event,the membership function expression of the stability coefficient of toppling perilous rock is determined based on the fuzzy failure criterion,the calculation equations of the toppling perilous rock dynamic stability coefficient and fuzzy reliability are established,and the fuzzy reliability evaluation method based on the probability distribution of reliability is proposed.Finally,the influence of different superposition modes of seismic excitation on the fuzzy reliability of toppling perilous rock is analyzed.The calculation results of toppling perilous rock in the engineering case show that the fuzzy reliability calculated after considering the fuzzy failure criterion is reduced by 10.73% to 25.66% compared with the classical reliability.Considering the bidirectional seismic excitation,the fuzzy reliability of toppling perilous rock is reduced by 5.46% to 14.89%.Compared with using the acceleration peak time encounter mode to superpose the seismic excitation,the fuzzy reliability of toppling perilous rock is reduced by 3.4% when the maximum action effect time encounter mode is adopted.

A technical survey on mechanism and influence factors for asphalt pavement skid-resistance

To explore the research status on mechanism of the skid-resistance for asphalt pavement, the related achievements of the rubber friction, the tire–road contact, and the influence factors were reviewed. The rubber friction was reviewed from the mechanism and rubber friction model. The tire-road contact was studied from the modeling methods, the evaluation methods, and the skid-resistance mechanisms at different conditions. The influence factors of skid-resistance were summarized from different designing processes. This review showed that the appropriate contact or evaluation model should be selected according to the required parameters. Although the finite element method is widely used, the accuracy of the model, the boundary conditions, and the load cases need to be further improved. The optimized aggregates and asphalt binders, reasonable gradation, reasonable geometric design, and strict construction quality control are necessary for good initial skid-resistance. Pavement texture as an important factor affecting skid-resistance should be considered in pavement gradation design, especially for wearing layer technology.

Vulnerability Assessment of Distributed Load Shedding Algorithm for Active Distribution Power System Under Denial of Service Attack

In order to deal with frequency deviation andsupply-demand imbalance in active distribution power system, inthis paper a distributed under frequency load shedding (UFLS)strategy is proposed. Different from conventional centralizedUFLS schemes, no centralized master station gathering all thebuses’ information is required. Instead, each bus decides itsown load shedding amount by only relying on limited peer-topeer communication. However, such UFLS strategy may sufferfrom some unexpected cyber-attacks such as integrity attacksand denial of service (DoS) attack. The latter DoS attack aimsto degrade the system performance by jamming or breakingthe communication, which is of high probability to happen inpractical power system. To assess the vulnerability of proposeddistributed UFLS algorithm, the effect of DoS attack on distributed average consensus algorithm is theoretically derived,which indicates that the final consensus value can be estimatedby a given attack probability. It is also investigated that such DoSattack does harm to the load shedding amount and finally affectsthe system frequency performance in the active distributionpower system. Several case studies implemented on an IEEE33-bus active distribution power system are conducted to verifythe effectiveness of the theoretical findings and investigate thevulnerability of the considered power system.

基于路表摩擦特性的无人驾驶车辆安全制动原理与方法

作为与轮胎直接接触的沥青路面,其抗滑性能是影响无人驾驶车辆制动安全性的直接因素.路面抗滑性能主要取决于路表纹理特征,建立考虑路表摩擦特性的无人驾驶制动模型是提高无人驾驶车辆制动安全性的有效方法.为了研究基于路表摩擦特性的无人驾驶车辆安全制动方法,考虑路表纹理抗滑贡献率计算了不同路面状态下峰值附着系数.基于无人驾驶车辆制动原理与沥青路面附着特性,采用CarSim/Simulink联合仿真建立了无人驾驶车辆制动模型,分析了直线正常制动、紧急制动及转弯行驶时无人驾驶车辆的制动特点,提出无人驾驶车辆在不同制动工况下安全制动限值.研究表明,不同行车速度下路面峰值附着系数呈凸型抛物线分布,随速度提高峰值附着系数逐渐减小.正常制动时,考虑乘客舒适性保持较小制动减速度;紧急制动时,雨天情况下制动距离比晴天平均增加45%左右,车距较大时建议以4~6 MPa制动力进行制动.无人驾驶车辆在潮湿或者干燥路面行驶过程应满足一定的安全车距,取晴天、雨天仿真安全制动距离平均值的1.1~1.2倍.随着弯道半径不断增大,不同路面状态下加速度干扰值基本上均减小,半径≥100 m时加速度干扰值下降率更为显著,为提高车辆制动舒适性弯道半径应控制在100 m以上.本研究提出了考虑路表纹理特性的无人驾驶车辆安全制动策略,可为无人驾驶车辆制动系统的理论设计及制动安全性评估提供参考.

Basic Topology and Key Devices of the Five-Terminal DC Grid

Due to their high controllability and flexibility,DC power grids have broad application prospects in the fields of networking of renewable energy and the power supply for oceanic archipelagos and future cities.This paper describes the system topology,control strategy,DC breaker configuration,and research,development and testing of converter valves and DC breaker equipment of the Zhoushan multi-terminal DC transmission system.Zhejiang Zhoushan has unique geographical and developmental features to demonstrate the irreplaceable technical advantages of a DC power grid for providing reliable power supply.The experience gained from the Zhoushan DC power grid project can offer valuable insights into the development and utilization of this technology worldwide.

An innovative three-layer strategy in response to a quartan malaria outbreak among forest goers in Hainan Island,China:a retrospective study

Background:An outbreak of Plasmodium malariae infection among forest goers in Sanya City of Hainan Island,China was reported in 2015.In response to this outbreak,an innovative three-layer strategy(TLS)targeted forest goers was adapted based on the 1-3-7 approach.Main text:Key elements of TLS are:(i)The village with fve malaria cases and adjacent villages were set as the frst layer.All residents including forest goers were taken as the high-risk population(HRP).Active case detection(ACD)by blood smear microscopy and PCR was selected as the primary measure,and passive case detection(PCD)as complementary measure.One case was identifed under TLS implementation.(ii)The township with cases(Gaofeng Town)and the nearby towns were chosen as the second layer.Only forest goers were screened by ACD,while PCD as a routine screening method.7831 blood smears collected by ACD and PCD and tested with negative results.(iii)The city with cases(Sanya City)and others 12 counties/county-level cities were selected as the third layer.Malaria cases were monitored passively.A total of 77,555 blood slides were screened by PCD with zero positive sample.For each layer,the malaria vector mosquitoes were monitored using light traps,cattle-baited/human-bait traps.Anopheles minimus(dominant species),An.sinensis and An.dirus were captured.Vector control measures mainly include insecticide residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets.The capacity of clinicians,public health practitioners and laboratory technicians has been improved through training.During 2016‒2018,TLS and chemoprophylaxis were implemented in the same areas.In the frst layer,all residents were monitored by ACD,and malaria chemoprophylaxis were distributed,89.5%of forest goers were using chemoprophylaxis against malaria.The blood smears(3126 by ACD plus 1516 by PCD)were with zero positive results.Chemoprophylaxis and ACD were ofered to forest goers once a year,and PCD in residents as a complementary measure in the second and third layer,77.8%and 95.1%of forest goers received chemoprophylaxis.In each layer,vector surveillance and control of malaria and trainings for medical staf Conclusions:TLS was efective in blocking the outbreak by P.malariae among forest goers in Hainan in malaria elimination stage.However,whether it could prevent the malaria resurgence in the post-elimination phase needs to be further assessed.