Background： D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, while the necessity of No.14v lymph node （14v） dissection for distal GC is still cont...Background： D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, while the necessity of No.14v lymph node （14v） dissection for distal GC is still controversial. Methods： A total of 920 distal GC patients receiving at least a D2 lymph node dissection in Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were enrolled in this study, of whom, 243 patients also had the 14v dissected. Other 677 patients without 14v dissection were used for comparison. Results： Forty-five （18.5%） patients had 14v metastasis. There was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival （OS） rate between patients with and without 14v dissection. Following stratified analysis, in TNM stages I, II, IIIa and IV, 14v dissection did not affect 3-year OS; in contrast, patients with 14v dissection had a significant higher 3-year OS than those without in TNM stages IIIb and IIIc. In multivariate analysis, 14v dissection was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC patients with TNM stage IIIb/IIIc disease [hazard ratio （HR）, 1.568; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.186-2.072; P=0.002]. GC patients with 14v dissection had a significant lower locoregional, especially lymph node, recurrence rate than those without 14v dissection （11.7 % vs. 21.1%, P=0.035）. Conclusions： Adding 14v to D2 lymphadenectomy may be associated with improved 3-year OS for distal GC staged TNM IIIb/IIIc.展开更多
Objective: Lymphovascular infiltration(LVI) is frequently detected in gastric cancer(GC) specimens. Studies have revealed that GC patients with LVI have a poorer prognosis than those without LVI.Methods: In total, 1,0...Objective: Lymphovascular infiltration(LVI) is frequently detected in gastric cancer(GC) specimens. Studies have revealed that GC patients with LVI have a poorer prognosis than those without LVI.Methods: In total, 1,007 patients with curatively resected GC at Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the LVI status: a positive group(PG;presence of LVI) and a negative group(NG;absence of LVI). The clinicopathological factors corrected with LVI and prognostic variables were analyzed. Additionally, a pathological lymphovascular-node(lvN) classification system was proposed to evaluate the superiority of its prognostic prediction of GC patients compared with that of the eighth edition of the N staging system.Results: Two hundred twenty-four patients(22.2%) had LVI. The depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were independently associated with the presence of LVI. GC patients with LVI demonstrated a significantly lower overall survival(OS) rate than those without LVI(42.8% vs. 68.9%, respectively;P<0.001). In multivariate analysis,LVI was identified as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients(hazard ratio: 1.370;95% confidence interval: 1.094-1.717;P=0.006). Using strata analysis, significant prognostic differences between the groups were only observed in patients at stage I-IIIa or N0-2. The lvN classification was found to be more appropriate to predict the OS of GC patients after curative surgery than the pN staging system. The-2 log-likelihood of lvN classification(4,746.922) was smaller than the value of pN(4,765.196), and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=18.434, P<0.001).Conclusions: The presence of LVI influences the OS of GC patients at stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ a or N0-2. LVI should be incorporated into the pN staging system to enhance the accuracy of the prognostic prediction of GC patients.展开更多
In the present study,we prepared nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system(SDEDDS)and investigated its preliminary pharmacodynamics.The type and concentration of oil phase,inner aqueous phase and...In the present study,we prepared nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system(SDEDDS)and investigated its preliminary pharmacodynamics.The type and concentration of oil phase,inner aqueous phase and emulsifier were screened to prepare optimum nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS.Next,the optimum formulations were characterized based on microstructure,volume-weighted mean droplet size,self-emulsifying rate,yield,storage stability,in vitro release and in vivo pharmacodynamics studies.The water/oil/watermultiple emulsions exhibited typicalmultiple structure,with relatively small volumeweighted mean droplet size 6.0±0.7μm and high self-emulsifying ability(self-emulsifying time<2 min).Encapsulation of nattokinase was up to 86.8±8.2%.The cumulative release of nattokinase within 8 h was about 30%,exhibiting a sustained release effect.The pharmacodynamics study indicated that nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS could significantly prolong the whole blood clotting time in mouse and effectively improve the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis compared with nattokinase solution.Moreover,we showed that SDEDDS could successfully self-emulsify into water/oil/water multiple emulsions upon dilution in dispersion medium with gentle stirring and effectively protect nattokinase activity in gastric environment.Our findings suggested that SDEDDS could be a promising strategy for peptide and protein drugs by oral administration.展开更多
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) located in rhizobacteria soil are beneficial to plant growth and development. A PGPR strain AMCC100017 of Brevibacillus laterosporus synthesizes the plant hormone IAA in a tr...Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) located in rhizobacteria soil are beneficial to plant growth and development. A PGPR strain AMCC100017 of Brevibacillus laterosporus synthesizes the plant hormone IAA in a tryptophan-dependent manner. In this study, the AMCC100017 strain was used to treat Malus robusta, an excellent natural rootstock for apple production, and assess its ability to promote growth. The fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and lateral root growth of M. robusta were significantly increased with treatment. The presence of the AMCC100017 strain increased IAA content in M. robusta and promoted root secretion of tryptophan. Colonization of the strain in the roots allowed continuous synthesis of IAA and promoted plant growth. In addition, the photosynthetic efficiency in leaves increased after microbial treatment, and the utilization of nitrogen, zinc, iron, copper and magnesium in leaves was increased, which was conducive to photosynthesis.Interestingly, the activities of CAT and SOD, as well as the contents of ROS in plants colonized by AMCC100017 were increased compared to control plants, but the activities of POD and MDA contents were decreased. AMCC100017 strain affected the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of plants. AMCC100017 strain increased the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in plants, improved plant metabolic activity and stress resistance. Therefore, AMCC100017 not only increased IAA content and photosynthetic efficiency to promote M. robusta growth, but also affected plant through multiple metabolic pathways.展开更多
Objective： Elevated plasma D-dimer has been reported to be associated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival in several types of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential impact of preo...Objective： Elevated plasma D-dimer has been reported to be associated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival in several types of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential impact of preoperative plasma D-dimer level（PDL） on overall survival（OS） of gastric cancer（GC） patients undergoing curative surgery by applying propensity score analysis.Methods： A total of 1,025 curatively resected GC patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute ＆Hospital were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups based on preoperative PDL： the elevated group（EG） and the normal group（NG）. To overcome bias due to the different distribution of covariates for the two groups, a one-to-one match was applied using propensity score analysis, after matching, prognostic factors were analyzed.Results： In analysis for the whole study series, patients in the EG were more likely to have a larger proportion of tumor size ≥5 cm（67.5% vs. 55.8%, P=0.006）, elder mean age（64.0±10.8 years vs. 60.5±11.6 years, P〈0.001） and advanced tumor（T）, node（N）, and TNM stage. Patients with elevated PDL demonstrated a significantly lower 5-year OS than those with normal PDL（27.0% vs. 42.6%, P〈0.001）, however, the PDL was not an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis [hazard ratio： 1.13, 95% confidence interval（95% CI）： 0.92–1.39,P=0.236]. After matching, 163 patients in the EG and 163 patients in the NG had the same characteristics. The 5-year OS rate for patients in the EG was 27.0% compared with 25.8% for those in the NG（P=0.809, log-rank）.Conclusions： The poor prognosis of GC patients with elevated preoperative PDL was due to the advanced tumor stage and elder age rather than the elevated D-dimer itself.展开更多
Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,...Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.展开更多
Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.)and its hybrid are economically important coniferous trees widely grown in the Northern Hemisphere.Ground-level ozone(O_(3))concentrations have increased since the preindustr...Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.)and its hybrid are economically important coniferous trees widely grown in the Northern Hemisphere.Ground-level ozone(O_(3))concentrations have increased since the preindustrial era,and research projects showed that Japanese larch is susceptible to elevated O_(3)exposures.Therefore,methodologies are needed to(1)protect Japanese larch against O_(3)damage and(2)conduct biomonitoring of O_(3)in Japanese larch forests and,thus,monitor O_(3)risks to Japanese larch.For the first time,this study evaluates whether the synthetic chemical ethylenediurea(EDU)can protect Japanese larch against O_(3)damage,in two independent experiments.In the first experiment,seedling communities,simulating natural regeneration,were treated with EDU(0,100,200,and 400 mg L^(-1))and exposed to either ambient or elevated O_(3)in a growing season.In the second experiment,individually-grown saplings were treated with EDU(0,200 and 400 mg L-1)and exposed to ambient O_(3)in two growing seasons and to elevated O_(3)in the succeeding two growing seasons.The two experiments revealed that EDU concentrations of 200-400 mg L^(-1)could protect Japanese larch seedling communities and individual saplings against O_(3)-induced inhibition of growth and productivity.However,EDU concentrations≤200 mg L^(-1)did offer only partial protection when seedling communities were coping with higher level of O_(3)-induced stress,and only 400 mg EDU L^(-1)fully protected communities under higher stress.Therefore,we conclude that among the concentrations tested the concentration offering maximum protection to Japanese larch plants under high competition and O_(3)-induced stress is that of 400 mg EDU L^(-1).The results of this study can provide a valuable resource of information for applied forestry in an O_(3)-polluted world.展开更多
Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions an...Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.展开更多
Transitional metal alloy and compounds have been developed as the low cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,a high mass loading o...Transitional metal alloy and compounds have been developed as the low cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,a high mass loading of these catalysts is commonly needed to achieve acceptable catalytic performance,which could cause such problems as battery weight gain,mass transport blocking,and catalyst loss.We report herein the preparation of fine CoNi nanoparticles(5-6 nm)anchored inside a nitrogendoped defective carbon nanotube network(CoNi@N-DCNT)by a transient Joule heating method.When utilized as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution in alkaline media,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst with a very low mass loading of 0.06 mg cm^(-2) showed excellent bifunctional catalytic performance.For ORR,the onset potential(Eonset)and the half-wave potential(E_(1/2))were 0.92 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE)and 0.83 V(vs.RHE),respectively.For OER,the potential at the current density(J)of 10 mA cm^(-2)(E_(10))was 1.53 V,resulting in an overpotential of 300 mV much lower than that of the commercial RuO_(2) catalyst(320 mV).The potential gap between E_(1/2) and E_(10) was as small as 0.7 V.Considering the low mass loading,the mass activity at E_(10) reached at 123.2 A g^(-1),much larger than that of the RuO_(2) catalyst and literature results of transitional metal-based bifunctional catalysts.Moreover,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst showed very good long-term stability during the ORR and OER test.The excellent bifunctional catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the bimetal alloy.展开更多
Objective： Though D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, the modified D2 （D 1＋7, 8a and 9） lymphadenectomy may be more suitable than D2...Objective： Though D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, the modified D2 （D 1＋7, 8a and 9） lymphadenectomy may be more suitable than D2 dissection for T2 stage GC. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether the surgical outcome of modified D2 lymphadenectomy was comparable to that of standard D2 dissection in T2 stage GC patients. Methods： A retrospective cohort study with 77 cases and 77 controls matched for baseline characteristics was conducted. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the extent of lymphadenectomy： the modified D2 group （roD2） and the standard D2 group （D2）. Surgical outcome and recurrence date were compared between the two groups. Results： The 5-year overall survival （OS） rate was 71.4% for patients accepted mD2 lymphadenectomy and 70.1% for those accepted standard D2, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that curability, tumor size, TNM stage and postoperative complications were independently prognostic factors for T2 stage GC patients. Patients in the mD2 group tended to have less intraoperative blood loss （P=0.001） and shorter operation time （P〈0.001） than those in the D2 group. While there were no significant differences in recurrence rate and types, especially lymph node recurrence, between the two groups. Conclusions： The surgical outcome of mD2 lymphadenectomy was equal to that of standard D2, and the use of mD2 instead of standard D2 can be a better option for T2 stage GC.展开更多
Coptis chinensis Franch, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, shows various kinds of bioactivity. The major active components of the herb are considered to be alkaloids. Thus, preparative separation of these al...Coptis chinensis Franch, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, shows various kinds of bioactivity. The major active components of the herb are considered to be alkaloids. Thus, preparative separation of these alkaloids is critical important for further pharmacology and mechanism studies. In the paper, five alkaloids from C. chinensis were purified by HSCCC using the solvent system composed of chloro-form-metha- nol-water (2:1:1, v/v/v) single prepared. The content of each solvent in solvent system were determined by gas chromatography (GC), then according the ratios of solvents in each phase to prepare the mobile and stationary phase respectively. And a comparative study was carried out between together preparation and single preparation of the solvent system. The purities and recoveries of all the products were over 98.5% and 92%. However, 134 mL chloroform, 336 mL methanol and 452 mL water were saved when the two phase were singled by GC. Our research showed an economical method for separating alkaloids from C. chinensis by HSCCC using the solvent system single prepared by GC.展开更多
Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth,health and ecological function.It is necessary to explore the microbial community because of the significant ecological and economic value of apples(Malus x domest...Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth,health and ecological function.It is necessary to explore the microbial community because of the significant ecological and economic value of apples(Malus x domestica).However,the related bacterial communities in different ecological habitats are not clear in the unique scion/rootstock combinations of apples.In this study,the Illumina Miseq platform was used to analyze the bacterial communities in different niches(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil and roots)of two scion/rootstock combinations[Fuji/Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang(Mx)and Fuji/Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.(Mb)].The relationship between the microbial community,soil properties,and plant characters was explored.The results showed that the diversity of the bacterial community decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil and then to roots.In addition,at the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acitinobacteria were dominant and had notable divergence in different ecological niches.Distinct niches had remarkable effects on the diversity and composition of the bacterial community according to PCoA.The rootstock genotype had an effect on the bacterial composition but no effect on the diversity.pH,soil organic matter(SOM),alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)were the main factor affecting the structure of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil,as shown by Pearson analysis.Bacteria taxa in the roots were affected by starch,fructose,sucrose and sorbitol.This study showed the microbial community structure in different ecological niches of different scion/rootstock combinations and provided some evidence for understanding the microbial-plant interaction of apple rootstocks.展开更多
Objective:To explore the role of endothelial biomarkers in predicting damp-heat syndrome in diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:A total of 183 patients with DKD were divided into 3 groups:the early DKD group,establis...Objective:To explore the role of endothelial biomarkers in predicting damp-heat syndrome in diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:A total of 183 patients with DKD were divided into 3 groups:the early DKD group,established DKD group,and advanced DKD group.All patients were classified according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome type,and clinical indexes were collected for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 183 DKD patients were included in this study.Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1),endocan,tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor(SLPI),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)were increased in advanced DKD.FGF23,CHI3L1,endocan,SLPI,and TNFR1 showed a negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),while they had a positive correlation with 24 h urine protein.After adjusting for age,gender,diabetes duration,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin,glucose,uric acid,24 h urine protein,cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein,and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),the multiple regression analysis showed that FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI significantly correlated with eGFR.Conclusions:FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI are elevated in advanced DKD compared with early stage,and they may take part in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD.Our study provides useful biomarkers for predicting the appearance of damp-heat syndrome,including FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI.展开更多
文摘Background： D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, while the necessity of No.14v lymph node （14v） dissection for distal GC is still controversial. Methods： A total of 920 distal GC patients receiving at least a D2 lymph node dissection in Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were enrolled in this study, of whom, 243 patients also had the 14v dissected. Other 677 patients without 14v dissection were used for comparison. Results： Forty-five （18.5%） patients had 14v metastasis. There was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival （OS） rate between patients with and without 14v dissection. Following stratified analysis, in TNM stages I, II, IIIa and IV, 14v dissection did not affect 3-year OS; in contrast, patients with 14v dissection had a significant higher 3-year OS than those without in TNM stages IIIb and IIIc. In multivariate analysis, 14v dissection was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC patients with TNM stage IIIb/IIIc disease [hazard ratio （HR）, 1.568; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.186-2.072; P=0.002]. GC patients with 14v dissection had a significant lower locoregional, especially lymph node, recurrence rate than those without 14v dissection （11.7 % vs. 21.1%, P=0.035）. Conclusions： Adding 14v to D2 lymphadenectomy may be associated with improved 3-year OS for distal GC staged TNM IIIb/IIIc.
基金supported in part by grants from the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81572372)National Key Research and Development Program of Major Chronic Non-infectious Disease Prevention and Control Research (No. 2016YFC1303202)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program “Precision Medicine Research” Program (No. 2017 YFC0908300)Application Foundation and Advanced Technology Program of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No. 15JCYBJC24800)Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (No. 2018KJ015)
文摘Objective: Lymphovascular infiltration(LVI) is frequently detected in gastric cancer(GC) specimens. Studies have revealed that GC patients with LVI have a poorer prognosis than those without LVI.Methods: In total, 1,007 patients with curatively resected GC at Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the LVI status: a positive group(PG;presence of LVI) and a negative group(NG;absence of LVI). The clinicopathological factors corrected with LVI and prognostic variables were analyzed. Additionally, a pathological lymphovascular-node(lvN) classification system was proposed to evaluate the superiority of its prognostic prediction of GC patients compared with that of the eighth edition of the N staging system.Results: Two hundred twenty-four patients(22.2%) had LVI. The depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were independently associated with the presence of LVI. GC patients with LVI demonstrated a significantly lower overall survival(OS) rate than those without LVI(42.8% vs. 68.9%, respectively;P<0.001). In multivariate analysis,LVI was identified as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients(hazard ratio: 1.370;95% confidence interval: 1.094-1.717;P=0.006). Using strata analysis, significant prognostic differences between the groups were only observed in patients at stage I-IIIa or N0-2. The lvN classification was found to be more appropriate to predict the OS of GC patients after curative surgery than the pN staging system. The-2 log-likelihood of lvN classification(4,746.922) was smaller than the value of pN(4,765.196), and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=18.434, P<0.001).Conclusions: The presence of LVI influences the OS of GC patients at stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ a or N0-2. LVI should be incorporated into the pN staging system to enhance the accuracy of the prognostic prediction of GC patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373338).
文摘In the present study,we prepared nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system(SDEDDS)and investigated its preliminary pharmacodynamics.The type and concentration of oil phase,inner aqueous phase and emulsifier were screened to prepare optimum nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS.Next,the optimum formulations were characterized based on microstructure,volume-weighted mean droplet size,self-emulsifying rate,yield,storage stability,in vitro release and in vivo pharmacodynamics studies.The water/oil/watermultiple emulsions exhibited typicalmultiple structure,with relatively small volumeweighted mean droplet size 6.0±0.7μm and high self-emulsifying ability(self-emulsifying time<2 min).Encapsulation of nattokinase was up to 86.8±8.2%.The cumulative release of nattokinase within 8 h was about 30%,exhibiting a sustained release effect.The pharmacodynamics study indicated that nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS could significantly prolong the whole blood clotting time in mouse and effectively improve the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis compared with nattokinase solution.Moreover,we showed that SDEDDS could successfully self-emulsify into water/oil/water multiple emulsions upon dilution in dispersion medium with gentle stirring and effectively protect nattokinase activity in gastric environment.Our findings suggested that SDEDDS could be a promising strategy for peptide and protein drugs by oral administration.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD1000100)Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2019ZG002-1-03)+2 种基金Ministry of Agriculture of China (Grant No. CARS-27)Major Applied Agricultural Technology Innovation Projects of Shandong Province (Grant No.SD2019ZZ009)Melon and Vegetable Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No. 2017DC55)。
文摘Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) located in rhizobacteria soil are beneficial to plant growth and development. A PGPR strain AMCC100017 of Brevibacillus laterosporus synthesizes the plant hormone IAA in a tryptophan-dependent manner. In this study, the AMCC100017 strain was used to treat Malus robusta, an excellent natural rootstock for apple production, and assess its ability to promote growth. The fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and lateral root growth of M. robusta were significantly increased with treatment. The presence of the AMCC100017 strain increased IAA content in M. robusta and promoted root secretion of tryptophan. Colonization of the strain in the roots allowed continuous synthesis of IAA and promoted plant growth. In addition, the photosynthetic efficiency in leaves increased after microbial treatment, and the utilization of nitrogen, zinc, iron, copper and magnesium in leaves was increased, which was conducive to photosynthesis.Interestingly, the activities of CAT and SOD, as well as the contents of ROS in plants colonized by AMCC100017 were increased compared to control plants, but the activities of POD and MDA contents were decreased. AMCC100017 strain affected the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of plants. AMCC100017 strain increased the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in plants, improved plant metabolic activity and stress resistance. Therefore, AMCC100017 not only increased IAA content and photosynthetic efficiency to promote M. robusta growth, but also affected plant through multiple metabolic pathways.
文摘Objective： Elevated plasma D-dimer has been reported to be associated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival in several types of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential impact of preoperative plasma D-dimer level（PDL） on overall survival（OS） of gastric cancer（GC） patients undergoing curative surgery by applying propensity score analysis.Methods： A total of 1,025 curatively resected GC patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute ＆Hospital were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups based on preoperative PDL： the elevated group（EG） and the normal group（NG）. To overcome bias due to the different distribution of covariates for the two groups, a one-to-one match was applied using propensity score analysis, after matching, prognostic factors were analyzed.Results： In analysis for the whole study series, patients in the EG were more likely to have a larger proportion of tumor size ≥5 cm（67.5% vs. 55.8%, P=0.006）, elder mean age（64.0±10.8 years vs. 60.5±11.6 years, P〈0.001） and advanced tumor（T）, node（N）, and TNM stage. Patients with elevated PDL demonstrated a significantly lower 5-year OS than those with normal PDL（27.0% vs. 42.6%, P〈0.001）, however, the PDL was not an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis [hazard ratio： 1.13, 95% confidence interval（95% CI）： 0.92–1.39,P=0.236]. After matching, 163 patients in the EG and 163 patients in the NG had the same characteristics. The 5-year OS rate for patients in the EG was 27.0% compared with 25.8% for those in the NG（P=0.809, log-rank）.Conclusions： The poor prognosis of GC patients with elevated preoperative PDL was due to the advanced tumor stage and elder age rather than the elevated D-dimer itself.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975281,21773293,21603264)CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0203301)+1 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2019K048)Suzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(SYG201926).
文摘Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.
基金supported in part by Research Grant#201802 of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Instituteby KAKENHI Grant Number JP17F17102 of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)。
文摘Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.)and its hybrid are economically important coniferous trees widely grown in the Northern Hemisphere.Ground-level ozone(O_(3))concentrations have increased since the preindustrial era,and research projects showed that Japanese larch is susceptible to elevated O_(3)exposures.Therefore,methodologies are needed to(1)protect Japanese larch against O_(3)damage and(2)conduct biomonitoring of O_(3)in Japanese larch forests and,thus,monitor O_(3)risks to Japanese larch.For the first time,this study evaluates whether the synthetic chemical ethylenediurea(EDU)can protect Japanese larch against O_(3)damage,in two independent experiments.In the first experiment,seedling communities,simulating natural regeneration,were treated with EDU(0,100,200,and 400 mg L^(-1))and exposed to either ambient or elevated O_(3)in a growing season.In the second experiment,individually-grown saplings were treated with EDU(0,200 and 400 mg L-1)and exposed to ambient O_(3)in two growing seasons and to elevated O_(3)in the succeeding two growing seasons.The two experiments revealed that EDU concentrations of 200-400 mg L^(-1)could protect Japanese larch seedling communities and individual saplings against O_(3)-induced inhibition of growth and productivity.However,EDU concentrations≤200 mg L^(-1)did offer only partial protection when seedling communities were coping with higher level of O_(3)-induced stress,and only 400 mg EDU L^(-1)fully protected communities under higher stress.Therefore,we conclude that among the concentrations tested the concentration offering maximum protection to Japanese larch plants under high competition and O_(3)-induced stress is that of 400 mg EDU L^(-1).The results of this study can provide a valuable resource of information for applied forestry in an O_(3)-polluted world.
基金financial support obtained from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1312900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975281)+1 种基金Key Research Project of Zhejiang lab (No. K2022NB0AC04)Jiangxi Double Thousand Talent Program (No. jxsq2020101008)。
文摘Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975281,21773293,21603264)CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0203301)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2019K048)Suzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(SYG201926)。
文摘Transitional metal alloy and compounds have been developed as the low cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,a high mass loading of these catalysts is commonly needed to achieve acceptable catalytic performance,which could cause such problems as battery weight gain,mass transport blocking,and catalyst loss.We report herein the preparation of fine CoNi nanoparticles(5-6 nm)anchored inside a nitrogendoped defective carbon nanotube network(CoNi@N-DCNT)by a transient Joule heating method.When utilized as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution in alkaline media,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst with a very low mass loading of 0.06 mg cm^(-2) showed excellent bifunctional catalytic performance.For ORR,the onset potential(Eonset)and the half-wave potential(E_(1/2))were 0.92 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE)and 0.83 V(vs.RHE),respectively.For OER,the potential at the current density(J)of 10 mA cm^(-2)(E_(10))was 1.53 V,resulting in an overpotential of 300 mV much lower than that of the commercial RuO_(2) catalyst(320 mV).The potential gap between E_(1/2) and E_(10) was as small as 0.7 V.Considering the low mass loading,the mass activity at E_(10) reached at 123.2 A g^(-1),much larger than that of the RuO_(2) catalyst and literature results of transitional metal-based bifunctional catalysts.Moreover,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst showed very good long-term stability during the ORR and OER test.The excellent bifunctional catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the bimetal alloy.
文摘Objective： Though D2 lymphadenectomy has been increasingly regarded as standard surgical procedure for advanced gastric cancer （GC）, the modified D2 （D 1＋7, 8a and 9） lymphadenectomy may be more suitable than D2 dissection for T2 stage GC. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether the surgical outcome of modified D2 lymphadenectomy was comparable to that of standard D2 dissection in T2 stage GC patients. Methods： A retrospective cohort study with 77 cases and 77 controls matched for baseline characteristics was conducted. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the extent of lymphadenectomy： the modified D2 group （roD2） and the standard D2 group （D2）. Surgical outcome and recurrence date were compared between the two groups. Results： The 5-year overall survival （OS） rate was 71.4% for patients accepted mD2 lymphadenectomy and 70.1% for those accepted standard D2, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that curability, tumor size, TNM stage and postoperative complications were independently prognostic factors for T2 stage GC patients. Patients in the mD2 group tended to have less intraoperative blood loss （P=0.001） and shorter operation time （P〈0.001） than those in the D2 group. While there were no significant differences in recurrence rate and types, especially lymph node recurrence, between the two groups. Conclusions： The surgical outcome of mD2 lymphadenectomy was equal to that of standard D2, and the use of mD2 instead of standard D2 can be a better option for T2 stage GC.
文摘Coptis chinensis Franch, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, shows various kinds of bioactivity. The major active components of the herb are considered to be alkaloids. Thus, preparative separation of these alkaloids is critical important for further pharmacology and mechanism studies. In the paper, five alkaloids from C. chinensis were purified by HSCCC using the solvent system composed of chloro-form-metha- nol-water (2:1:1, v/v/v) single prepared. The content of each solvent in solvent system were determined by gas chromatography (GC), then according the ratios of solvents in each phase to prepare the mobile and stationary phase respectively. And a comparative study was carried out between together preparation and single preparation of the solvent system. The purities and recoveries of all the products were over 98.5% and 92%. However, 134 mL chloroform, 336 mL methanol and 452 mL water were saved when the two phase were singled by GC. Our research showed an economical method for separating alkaloids from C. chinensis by HSCCC using the solvent system single prepared by GC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0201103)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)+1 种基金the construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFFPXM2019_014207_000032)the Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees。
文摘Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth,health and ecological function.It is necessary to explore the microbial community because of the significant ecological and economic value of apples(Malus x domestica).However,the related bacterial communities in different ecological habitats are not clear in the unique scion/rootstock combinations of apples.In this study,the Illumina Miseq platform was used to analyze the bacterial communities in different niches(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil and roots)of two scion/rootstock combinations[Fuji/Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang(Mx)and Fuji/Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.(Mb)].The relationship between the microbial community,soil properties,and plant characters was explored.The results showed that the diversity of the bacterial community decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil and then to roots.In addition,at the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acitinobacteria were dominant and had notable divergence in different ecological niches.Distinct niches had remarkable effects on the diversity and composition of the bacterial community according to PCoA.The rootstock genotype had an effect on the bacterial composition but no effect on the diversity.pH,soil organic matter(SOM),alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)were the main factor affecting the structure of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil,as shown by Pearson analysis.Bacteria taxa in the roots were affected by starch,fructose,sucrose and sorbitol.This study showed the microbial community structure in different ecological niches of different scion/rootstock combinations and provided some evidence for understanding the microbial-plant interaction of apple rootstocks.
基金This project was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017-JYB-JS-075)National Key Project for Drug Discovery(2017ZX09304019).
文摘Objective:To explore the role of endothelial biomarkers in predicting damp-heat syndrome in diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:A total of 183 patients with DKD were divided into 3 groups:the early DKD group,established DKD group,and advanced DKD group.All patients were classified according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome type,and clinical indexes were collected for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 183 DKD patients were included in this study.Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1),endocan,tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor(SLPI),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)were increased in advanced DKD.FGF23,CHI3L1,endocan,SLPI,and TNFR1 showed a negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),while they had a positive correlation with 24 h urine protein.After adjusting for age,gender,diabetes duration,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin,glucose,uric acid,24 h urine protein,cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein,and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),the multiple regression analysis showed that FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI significantly correlated with eGFR.Conclusions:FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI are elevated in advanced DKD compared with early stage,and they may take part in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD.Our study provides useful biomarkers for predicting the appearance of damp-heat syndrome,including FGF23,endocan,TNFR1,and SLPI.
