Effect of high-energy Ne ions irradiation on mechanical properties difference between Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5)metallic glass and crystalline W

In this paper,high-energy Ne ions were used to irradiate Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5) metallic glass(MG)and crystalline W to investigate their difference in mechanical response after irradiation.The results showed that with the irradiation dose increased,the tensile micro-strain increased,nano-hardness increased from 7.11 GPa to 7.90 GPa and 8.62 GPa,Young’s modulus increased,and H3/E2 increased which indicating that the plastic deformability decreased in crystalline W.Under the same irradiation conditions,the Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5) MG still maintained the amorphous structure and became more disordered despite the longer range and stronger displacement damage of Ne ions in Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5) MG than in crystalline W.Unlike the irradiation hardening and embrittlement behavior of crystalline W,Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5) MG showed the gradual decrease in hardness from 6.02 GPa to 5.89 GPa and 5.50 GPa,the decrease in modulus and the increase in plastic deformability with the increasing dose.Possibly,the irradiation softening and toughening phenomenon of Zr_(63.5)Cu_(23)Al_(9)Fe_(4.5) MG could provide new ideas for the design of nuclear materials.

基于老年营养风险指数构建老年非小细胞肺癌患者的预后模型

背景与目的癌症患者的营养状况与预后之间的关系已成为研究关注的热点。本研究旨在探索老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)在老年非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者预后评估中的应用价值,构建预测老年NSCLC患者预后的列线图模型。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院于2016年1月至2019年12月初治的、≥65岁的153例NSCLC患者的资料。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线确定GNRI的最佳截断值,把患者分为高GNRI组和低GNRI组,通过Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-rank检验对两组患者总生存期(overall survival,OS)进行比较。使用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析探讨老年NSCLC患者不良预后的危险因素,利用R软件构建预测老年NSCLC患者生存率的列线图模型,并验证该模型。结果高GNRI组和低GNRI组在年龄、性别、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、组织学类型、白蛋白水平、治疗方式、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)、全身免疫炎症指数(systemic immuneinflammation index,SII)和细胞角蛋白19片段(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示低GNRI组的患者总生存期较短。多因素Cox回归分析显示CYFRA21-1>3.3 ng/mL是影响NSCLC患者OS的独立危险因素,GNRI>97.09是保护因素[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=0.52,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.34-0.79,P<0.05]。Ⅳ期患者发生死亡的风险是I期患者的1.98倍(95%CI:1.02-3.86,P<0.05)。与行综合治疗的患者相比,行单一化疗的患者发生死亡的风险增加3.58倍(95%CI:2.03-6.32,P<0.05)。基于GNRI构建的列线图模型对老年NSCLC患者OS进行预测,其一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)为0.70(95%CI:0.65-0.76),预测1、2年生存率的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.93(95%CI:0.87-0.98)、0.72(95%CI:0.63-0.80),校准曲线显示该模型的预测符合度较好。结论高GNRI评分与改善老年NSCLC患者的生存率显著相关,依靠截断值可能提供恰当的营养支持时机。该研究构建的列线图可作为一种有效预测老年NSCLC患者生存率的工具,具有很强的临床实用性。

Experimental research on influence mechanism of loading rates on rock pressure stimulated currents

The study of pressure stimulated current(PSC)changes of rocks is significant to monitor dynamic disasters in mines and rock masses.The existing studies focus on change laws and mechanism of currents generated under the loading of rocks.An electrical and mechanics test system was established in this paper to explore the impacts of loading rates on PSCs.The results indicated that PSC curves of different rocks had different change laws under low/high loading rates.When the loading rate was relatively low,PSC curves firstly changed gently and then increased exponentially.Under high loading rates,PSC curves experienced the rapid increase stage,gentle increase stage and sudden change stage.The compressive strength could greatly affect the peak PSC in case of rock failure.The loading rate was a key factor in average PSC.Under low loading rates,the variations of PSCs conformed to the damage charge model of fracture mechanics,while they did not at the fracture moment.Under high loading rates,the PSCs at low stress didn’t fit the model due to the stress impact effects.The experimental results could provide theoretical basis for the influence of loading rates on PSCs.

The irradiation variation of amorphous alloy FeSiB using for fusion devices induced by 2 MeV He ions

Because of its unique long range disordered structure and numerous free volume,amorphous alloy is considered to be able to accommodate the damage caused by ion bombardment and has good irradiation resistance.2 MeV He+ions were selected to irradiate amorphous alloy Fe80Si7B13,and it was found that the arrangement of atoms in the amorphous alloy became uneven.In the bubble layer located near the He ion range which was about 3.5μm from the surface,the local atoms had a tendency of ordered arrangement.Under the irradiation,no obvious damage could be observed on the surface of the amorphous alloy,while the surface roughness increased,which reduced the surface relative reflectivity of the amorphous alloy.After the irradiation,the Fe-based amorphous alloy maintained the soft magnetic performance.The variation of atomic arrangement in the amorphous alloy enhanced its saturation magnetic induction intensity.

The structure of an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath with non-extensive electron distribution

In this paper, an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath model with non-extensive electron distribution is established, and the Bohm criterion affected by the non-extensive parameter q is theoretically derived. The ion Mach number varies with q. The numerical simulation results show that compared with electronegative magnetized plasma sheath with Maxwell distribution(q=1), the sheath structures with super-extensive distribution(q<1) and sub-extensive distribution(q>1) are different. The physical quantities including the sheath potential distribution, ion density distribution, the electron density distribution, negative ion density distribution and the net space charge density distribution are discussed. It is shown that the non-extensive parameter q has a significant influence on the structure of the electronegative magnetized plasma sheath. Due to the Lorentz force, both the magnitude and the angle of the magnetic field affect the structure of the sheath, whether the electrons are Maxwell distributed or non-extensively distributed.

Designing interactive glazing through an engineering psychology approach:Six augmented reality scenarios that envision future car human-machine interface

Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.

On Incentive and Coordination Mechanism of Service Outsourcing Based on Principal-Agent Theory and Blockchain Technology

To address the issue of information asymmetry between the two parties and moral hazard among service providers in the process of service outsourcing,this paper builds the Stackelberg game model based on the principal-agent framework,examines the dynamic game situation before the contract being signed,and develops four information models.The analysis reveals a Pareto improvement in the game’s Nash equilibrium when comparing the four models from the standpoint of the supply chain.In the complete information scenario,the service level of the service provider,the customer company’s incentive effectiveness,and the supply chain system’s ultimate profit are all maximized.Furthermore,a coordinating mechanism for disposable profit is built in this study.The paper then suggests a blockchain-based architecture for the service outsourcing process supervision and a distributed incentive mechanism under the coordination mechanism in response to the inadequacy of the principal-agent theory to address the information asymmetry problem and the moral hazard problem.The experiment’s end findings demonstrate that both parties can benefit from the coordination mechanism,and the application of blockchain technology can resolve these issues and effectively encourage service providers.

乙醇胺可作为血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变的潜在生物标志物和基于生物标志物的防治策略

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population.Although controlling blood glucose levels effectively reduces the incidence and development of DR to less than 50%,there are currently no diagnostic biomarkers or effective treatments for DR development in glucose-wellcontrolled diabetic patients(GW-DR).In this study,we established a prospective GW-DR cohort by strictly adhering to glycemic control guidelines and maintaining regular retinal examinations over a median 2-year follow-up period.The discovery cohort encompassed 71 individuals selected from a pool of 292 recruited diabetic patients at baseline,all of whom consistently maintained hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels below 7%without experiencing hypoglycemia.Within this cohort of 71 individuals,21 subsequently experienced new-onset GW-DR,resulting in an incidence rate of 29.6%.In the validation cohort,we also observed a significant GW-DR incidence rate of 17.9%.Employing targeted metabolomics,we investigated the metabolic characteristics of serum in GW-DR,revealing a significant association between lower levels of ethanolamine and GW-DR risk.This association was corroborated in the validation cohort,exhibiting superior diagnostic performance in distinguishing GW-DR from diabetes compared to the conventional risk factor HbA1c,with AUCs of 0.954 versus 0.506 and 0.906 versus 0.521 in the discovery and validation cohorts,respectively.Furthermore,in a streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat model,ethanolamine attenuated diabetic retinal inflammation,accompanied by suppression of microglial diacylglycerol(DAG)-dependent protein kinase C(PKC)pathway activation.In conclusion,we propose that ethanolamine is a potential biomarker and represents a viable biomarker-based therapeutic option for GW-DR.

Evolution and legacy of East Asian aurochs

Aurochs(Bos primigenius),once widely distributed in Afro-Eurasia,became extinct in the early 1600 s.However,their phylogeography and relative contributions to domestic cattle remain unknown.In this study,we analyzed 16 genomes of ancient aurochs and three mitogenomes of ancient bison(Bison priscus)excavated in East Asia,dating from 43,000 to 3,590 years ago.These newly generated data with previously published genomic information on aurochs as well as ancient/extant domestic cattle worldwide through genome analysis.Ourfindings revealed significant genetic divergence between East Asian aurochs and their European,Near Eastern,and African counterparts on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomic data.Furthermore,we identified evidence of geneflow from East Asian aurochs into ancient and present-day taurine cattle,suggesting their potential role in facilitating the environmental adaptation of domestic cattle.

增材制造高强铝合金表面形貌重构及其屈服强度影响规律探究

为了研究表面形貌对增材制造材料力学性能的影响,本文通过选择性激光熔化方法制备了高强度铝合金试样,研究了扫描速度、热处理、沉积方向、表面粗糙度等对拉伸力学性能的影响,并基于傅里叶级数和MATLABA软件对光学显微镜测量的表面形貌进行了重构,使用Airy应力函数推导获得了表面形貌应力集中系数的解析解.采用ABAQUS软件进行了有限元分析,对解析结果进行了验证.通过正态拟合得到应力集中系数的概率密度函数,提出了一种基于屈服强度评估材料可靠性的方法.本文所提出方法流程为增材制造其他材料及试样表面粗糙度定量化及其对屈服强度影响具有参考意义.

Type I interferon signaling facilitates resolution of acute liver injury by priming macrophage polarization

Due to their broad functional plasticity,myeloid cells contribute to both liver injury and recovery during acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury(APAP-ALI).A comprehensive understanding of cellular diversity and intercellular crosstalk is essential to elucidate the mechanisms and to develop therapeutic strategies for APAP-ALI treatment.Here,we identified the function of IFN-I in the myeloid compartment during APAP-ALI.Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing,we characterized the cellular atlas and dynamic progression of liver CD11b+cells post APAP-ALI in WT and STAT2 T403A mice,which was further validated by immunofluorescence staining,bulk RNA-seq,and functional experiments in vitro and in vivo.We identified IFN-I-dependent transcriptional programs in a three-way communication pathway that involved IFN-I synthesis in intermediate restorative macrophages,leading to CSF-1 production in aging neutrophils that ultimately enabled Trem2+restorative macrophage maturation,contributing to efficient liver repair.Overall,we uncovered the heterogeneity of hepatic myeloid cells in APAP-ALI at single-cell resolution and the therapeutic potential of IFN-I in the treatment of APAP-ALI.

A comparative study of preventing postoperative tendon adhesion using electrospun polyester membranes with different degradation kinetics

Complications arising from tendon injury include tendon sheath infection and peritendinous adhesion, in which tendon adhesion often leads to serious motor dysfunction. In this work, the electrospun membranes of poly(L-lactide)(PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) with different degradation kinetics were used to investigate their efficacy for anti-adhesion toward Achilles tendon repair. Compared with the PCL membrane, the PLA sample showed a faster rate of degradation in 42 d, and all the degradation media(i.e., phosphate-buffered saline) maintained at a constant p H of around 7.4. Meanwhile, the superior biocompatibility of both the PLA and PCL membranes were proved by the in vitro cellular adhesion tests and in vivo histopathological assays. Simultaneously, the PLA membrane was more effective than the PCL sample in decreasing adhesion and promoting functional recovery. Furthermore, the experiment result was further confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, and type I collagen immunohistochemical analysis. All results revealed that the model treated with the electrospun PLA membrane was obviously better with regard to both anti-adhesion and tendon repair than that in the PCL membrane group. Considering the results of degradation and adhesion prevention efficacy, the electrospun polyester membranes, especially the PLA one, would be applied with fascinating potential in clinical prevention of postoperative tendon adhesion.

Genetic differences between primary and metastatic cancer:a pan-cancerw hole-genome comparison study

Recently,a study by Edwin Cuppen's group published in Nature depicted the genomic differences between late-stage treated metastatic cancers and early-stage untreated primary cancers via a pan-cancer whole-genome sequencing(WGS)analysis.