Comparison of brain functions between healthy participants and methamphetamine users with various addiction histories:Data analysis based on EEG and fNIRS

The electroencephalogram(EEG)rhythm and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)activation levels have not been compared between a healthy control group(HCG)and methamphetamine user group(MUG)with different addiction histories.This study used 64-electrode EEG and fNIRS to conduct an experiment that analyzed the resting and craving states.The EEG and fNIRS data of 56 participants were collected,including 14 healthy participants,14 methamphetamine users with an addiction history of 0.5–5 years,14 users with an addiction history of 5–10 years,and 14 users with an addiction history of 10–15 years.Isolated effective coherence(iCoh)within the brain network was used to process the EEG data.Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences in iCoh among the delta,theta,alpha,beta,and gamma bands and explore oxyhemoglobin activation levels in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,orbitofrontal cortex,and frontopolar prefrontal cortex(FPC)of the control group.Finally,the Kmeans,Gaussian mixed model(GMM),linear discriminant analysis(LDA),support vector machine(SVM),Bayes,and convolutional neural networks(CNN)algorithms were used to classify methamphetamine users based on drug and neutral images.A 3-class accuracy was achieved.Changes in EEG and fNIRS activation levels of HCG and MUG with varied addiction histories were demonstrated.

垂体促甲状腺激素腺瘤中SSTR表达谱及全数字切片自动图像分析的探索性研究

目的:探索垂体促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)腺瘤中生长抑素受体(somatostatin receptor,SSTR)的表达以及全数字切片自动图像分析技术的应用。方法:分析2013年1月至2019年12月北京协和医院的37例垂体TSH腺瘤的石蜡包埋组织标本及临床病理资料,利用各型SSTR1-SSTR5抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,分别进行人工判读和全数字切片自动图像分析,比较各型SSTR表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、Ki-67指数以及侵袭的相关性,并对比人工判读和软件自动分析的一致性。结果:垂体TSH腺瘤中SSTR1、SSTR2、SSTR4和SSTR5多为2分和3分表达,其中3分占比均超过50.0%(4型SSTR占比依次分别为59.5%、78.4%、64.9%和56.8%)。SSTR1表达与侵袭呈明显负相关(人工r=-0.417,P=0.010;软件r=-0.406,P=0.013),并与SSTR2表达具有显著相关性(人工r=0.420,P=0.010;软件r=0.338,P=0.040)。各型SSTR表达的人工判读与图像自动分析结果均显示了较好的一致性。结论:垂体TSH腺瘤肿瘤组织中SSTR1、SSTR2、SSTR4和SSTR5均有较高水平的表达,利用基于数字化全切片的图像自动分析技术可获得与病理医师人工判读相近的评估效果。

Energy Consumption Prediction of a CNC Machining Process With Incomplete Data

Energy consumption prediction of a CNC machining process is important for energy efficiency optimization strategies.To improve the generalization abilities,more and more parameters are acquired for energy prediction modeling.While the data collected from workshops may be incomplete because of misoperation,unstable network connections,and frequent transfers,etc.This work proposes a framework for energy modeling based on incomplete data to address this issue.First,some necessary preliminary operations are used for incomplete data sets.Then,missing values are estimated to generate a new complete data set based on generative adversarial imputation nets(GAIN).Next,the gene expression programming(GEP)algorithm is utilized to train the energy model based on the generated data sets.Finally,we test the predictive accuracy of the obtained model.Computational experiments are designed to investigate the performance of the proposed framework with different rates of missing data.Experimental results demonstrate that even when the missing data rate increases to 30%,the proposed framework can still make efficient predictions,with the corresponding RMSE and MAE 0.903 k J and 0.739 k J,respectively.

IoT-based Smart and Complex Systems：A Guest Editorial Report

THE Industrial Revolution starting from about 1760 and ending at around 1840 has been viewed as the first Industrial Revolution.It features with the replacement of human and animal muscle power with steam and mechanical power.Human income per capita had taken 800 years to double by

Virtual Experimental Project Design in the Digital Signal Processing Course

This paper proposes the design and development of virtual experimental projects in the Digital Signal Processing course,using MATLAB,Proteus,and CCS platforms to develop a library of typical experimental cases for biomedical engineering majors and discusses the design process.Based on these typical cases,this paper explores the secondary design for innovative engineering practice case teaching,which can promote students’understanding and mastery of digital signal processing theories,algorithms,and technologies in an intuitive,flexible,and efficient way;quickly build new innovative engineering case models and further cultivate students’engineering application ability as well as innovative thinking.

DNA of neutrophil extracellular traps promote NF-κBdependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is characterised by persistent airway inflammation even after cigarette smoking cessation.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have been implicated in COPD severity and acute airway inflammation induced by short-term cigarette smoke(CS).However,whether and how NETs contribute to sustained airway inflammation in COPD remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanism of NETs in COPD,employing human neutrophils,airway epithelial cells(AECs),dendritic cells(DCs),and a long-term CS-induced COPD mouse model,alongside cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase and toll-like receptor 9 knockout mice(cGAS-^(−/−)TLR9^(−/−));Additionally,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of COPD patients was examined.Neutrophils from COPD patients released greater cigarette smoke extract(CSE)-induced NETs(CSE-NETs)due to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction.These CSE-NETs,containing oxidatively-damaged DNA(NETs-DNA),promoted AECs proliferation,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)activation,NF-κB-dependent cytokines and type-I interferons production,and DC maturation,which were ameliorated/reversed by silencing/inhibition of cGAS/TLR9.In the COPD mouse model,blocking NETs-DNA-sensing via cGAS^(−/−)and TLR9^(−/−)mice,inhibiting NETosis using mitoTEMPO,and degrading NETs-DNA with DNase-I,respectively,reduced NETs infiltrations,airway inflammation,NF-κB activation and NF-κBdependent cytokines,but not type-I interferons due to IFN-α/βreceptor degradation.Elevated NETs components(myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase activity)in BALF of COPD smokers correlated with disease severity and NF-κB-dependent cytokine levels,but not type-I interferon levels.In conclusion,NETs-DNA promotes NF-κB-dependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in long-term CS exposure-induced COPD.Therefore,targeting NETs-DNA and cGAS/TLR9 emerges as a potential strategy to alleviate persistent airway inflammation in COPD.

HBsAg Loss with Peg-interferon Alfa-2a in Hepatitis B Patients with Partial Response to Nucleos(t)ide Analog:New Switch Study

Background and Aims:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss is seldom achieved with nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients but may be enhanced by switching to finite pegylated-interferon(Peg-IFN)alfa-2a.We assessed HBsAg loss with 48-and 96-week Peg-IFN alfa-2a in chronic hepatitis B patients with partial response to a previous NA.Methods:Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive patients who achieved HBeAg loss and hepatitis B virus DNA<200 IU/mL with previous adefovir,lamivudine or entecavir treatment were randomized 1:1 to receive Peg-IFN alfa-2a for 48(n=153)or 96 weeks(n=150).The primary endpoint of this study was HBsAg loss at end of treatment.The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT01464281.Results:At the end of 48 and 96 weeks'treatment,14.4%(22/153)and 20.7%(31/150)of patients,respectively,who switched from NA to Peg-IFN alfa-2a cleared HBsAg.Rates were similar irrespective of prior NA or baseline HBeAg seroconversion.Among those who cleared HBsAg by the end of 48 and 96 weeks'treatment,77.8%(14/18)and 71.4%(20/28),respectively,sustained HBsAg loss for a further 48 weeks.Baseline HBsAg<1500 IU/mL and week 24 HBsAg<200 IU/mL were associated with the highest rates of HBsAg loss at the end of both 48-and 96-week treatment(51.4%and 58.7%,respectively).Importantly,extending treatment from 48 to 96 weeks enabled 48.3%(14/29)more patients to achieve HBsAg loss.Conclusions:Patients on long-term NA who are unlikely to meet therapeutic goals can achieve high rates of HBsAg loss by switching to Peg-IFN alfa-2a.HBsAg loss rates may be improved for some patients by extending treatment from 48 to 96 weeks,although the differences in our study cohort were not statistically significant.Baseline and on-treatment HBsAg may predict HBsAg loss with Peg-IFN alfa-2a.