Effects of Different Grinding Methods on the Quality of Soybean Bean Milk

[Objectives] This study was conducted to improve the nutritional value of soybean milk, enrich the variety and taste of soybean milk, and find healthy food that is more conducive to people s nutritional needs. [Methods] Whole soybean milk was prepared by grinding with a grinding wheel at a low concentration (low-concentration grinding) and a stainless steel mill at a high concentration (high-concentration grinding). The sensory, physical and chemical characteristics and anti-nutritional factors of whole soybean milk produced by different grinding methods were studied. [Results] Compared with low-concentration grinding, the protein content in soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding increased by 24%, and the dietary fiber content increased by 74.7%. Before and after high-pressure homogenization, the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding was 212.1 and 93.59 μm, respectively, and the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding was 134.0 and 64.64 μm, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity and phytic acid content of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding were significantly lower than those of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding. [Conclusions] This study improves the diet structure of the broad masses of people, strengthens people s physique, and provides a new idea for the implementation and development of China s "Soybean Action Programme".

县域学前教育共生发展现状分析

县域学前教育共生发展是以幼儿发展为根本出发点,以公平与质量发展为核心主线,以异质园所间的共生关系及其交互过程为载体,以优质均衡为发展旨向的新型发展理念与路径。本研究基于共生理论构建了由共生园所、共生关系、共生界面、共生环境、共生效益等要素构成的县域学前教育共生发展模型,并对3个样本县913名幼儿园教师进行了问卷调查,结果发现各样本县域对其共生园所、共生环境、共生关系、共生界面等要素的协调整合程度均不理想,共生性要素“受抑”明显,致使其潜在的共生交互价值处于“钝感”状态,县域学前教育系统共生发展水平较低。与此同时,不同县域学前教育发展的共生环境、共生关系、共生界面及共生效益存在显著差异。县域教育管理部门应重视学前教育发展的共生性,积极践行共生发展理念,建立健全共生型治理机制,强化对共生过程的动态监护,优化共生界面,提高共生效能,实现域内异质园所的和合共生。

美国优质学前保教资源获取性测评:内涵、指标与策略

提高家庭对优质保教资源的获取能力,让每个儿童享有公平而有质量的学前教育是全球学前教育事业发展的趋势。美国健康与人类服务部儿童与家庭管理局2017年发布题为《界定和测评优质学前保教资源获取性:政策制定者和研究者指南》的报告,提出了优质学前保教资源获取性的定义,建构了相应的测评指标体系,提供了测评策略和相关测评数据采集渠道等,为相关政策制定者和研究者评估特定区域范围内儿童家庭对优质保教资源的获取性状况提供了概念框架与工具。我国在大力推进普惠性、有质量的学前教育公共服务体系建设的进程中,应坚持兼顾质量和公平的价值导向,加强关于学前保教资源获取性的理论体系和测评体系的建设,探索"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的获取性测评路径,建立多层面、多样化、多功能的追踪数据库,特别关注并满足处境不利儿童家庭对有质量学前保教资源的需求。

超越功利主义:学前儿童STEM教育的知识论反思

学前儿童STEM教育涵盖的科学知识既是引发其功利主义倾向的根源,又是实现知识有机整合的基础。从知识论的视角反思学前儿童STEM教育的内在知识本质和价值是超越功利主义倾向的必然路径。从一元辩护到多元理解,学前儿童STEM教育的知识基础已转向社会文化发展境遇下知识的不确定性生成,寓居式的实践知识、理解式的逻辑空间以及内生式的理智德性是其内在知识本质。重构学前儿童STEM教育,应以知识“悬置”与情境逻辑为起点,以知识“在场”与叙事呈现为过程,以知识“还原”与理性精神为旨归。

AR技术与幼儿园课程整合的内涵价值与实践路径

数字技术不仅深刻改变了知识的形态和人们的思维方式,也对教育实践有着重要影响。增强现实技术与幼儿园课程的整合旨在融合儿童的发展目标与AR技术特点,通过拓展儿童的生活经验空间,使儿童的学习从离身走向具身,使儿童的发展从单向度走向多向度。两者整合的路径要强调课程实践从实体思维走向关系思维,通过人机互动建构体现"创造-互动-意义"的课程文化,遵循生活化和游戏化逻辑实施幼儿园课程,形成基于儿童生命成长的课程评价体系。

Recent advances in gel polymer electrolyte for high-performance lithium batteries

Lithium batteries (LBs) have become increasingly important energy storage systems in our daily life. However, their practical applications are still severely plagued by the safety issues from liquid electrolyte, especially when the batteries are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are being considered as an effective solution to replace currently available organic liquid electrolyte for building safer LBs. This review provides recent advancements in GPEs applied for high-performance LBs. On the one hand, from the environmental and economic point of view, the skeletons of GPEs changed from traditional polymer to renewable and degradable polymer. On the other hand, in addition to being as a component with good electrochemical and physical characterizations, the GPEs also need to provide some functions for addressing the concerns of lithium (Li) dendrites, unstable cathode electrolyte interface, dissolution and migration of transition metal ions,"shuttle effect" of polysulfides, and so on. Finally, to synchronously meet the challenges from the advanced cathode and Li metal anode, the bio-based GPEs with multi-functionality are proposed to develop high-energy/powerdensity batteries in the future.

An Ultra-microporous Carbon Material Boosting Integrated Capacitance for Cellulose-Based Supercapacitors

A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose(BC)precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported.The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores(~2 nm)and a considerable amount of sub-micropores(<1 nm).The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area(1554 m^2 g^-1)and packing density(1.18 g cm^-3).The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport.As a result,the remarkable specific capacitances,including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances(430 F g^-1 and 507 F cm^-3 at 0.5 A g^-1),and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g^-1(327 F g^-1 and 385 F cm^-3)are realized.Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton,a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density(~0.77 mWh cm^-2),volumetric energy density(~17.8 W L^-1),and excellent cyclic stability.

Energetic electron detection packages on board Chinese navigation satellites in MEO

Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)deployed on three Chinese navigation satellites in medium Earth orbit(MEO)is reviewed.The instrument was developed by the space science payload team led by Peking University.The EEDP includes a pinhole medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES),a high-energy electron detector(HED)based onΔE-E telescope technology,and a deep dielectric charging monitor(DDCM).The MES measures the energy spectra of 50−600 keV electrons from nine directions with a 180°×30°field of view(FOV).The HED measures the energy spectrum of 0.5−3.0 MeV electrons from one direction with a 30°cone-angle FOV.The ground test and calibration results indicate that these three sensors exhibit excellent performance.Preliminary observations show that the electron spectra measured by the MES and HED are in good agreement with the results from the magnetic electron-ion spectrometer(MagEIS)of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft,with an average relative deviation of 27.3%for the energy spectra.The charging currents and voltages measured by the DDCM during storms are consistent with the highenergy electron observations of the HED,demonstrating the effectiveness of the DDCM.The observations of the EEDP on board the three MEO satellites can provide important support for theoretical research on the radiation belts and the applications related to space weather.

苯乙双胍单药或联合吉非替尼通过AMPK和EGFR通路抑制膀胱癌

背景与目的在前期研究中,我们发现二甲双胍和吉非替尼联合使用可抑制膀胱癌细胞生长。本文旨在研究二甲双胍类似物——苯乙双胍单药或联合吉非替尼能否抑制膀胱癌细胞生长。方法在1种鼠源和2种人源膀胱癌细胞系中,采用MTT和克隆形成实验检测苯乙双胍和吉非替尼对细胞生长的抑制作用。采用伤口愈合实验检测细胞迁移情况。使用CompuSyn软件评估2种药物之间的协同作用。采用蛋白免疫印迹实验分析苯乙双胍和吉非替尼对AMPK和EGFR通路的潜在作用。结果 MTT和克隆形成实验结果显示,苯乙双胍抑制膀胱癌细胞生长的作用是二甲双胍的10倍以上。伤口愈合实验结果显示,苯乙双胍可有效抑制细胞迁移,并促进凋亡。AMPK信号被激活,EGFR信号被抑制。苯乙双胍与吉非替尼可协同作用,二者联合使用比苯乙双胍单药表现出更强的抑癌活性和促凋亡活性。结论苯乙双胍单药或联合吉非替尼均可能成为治疗膀胱癌的有效药物。

The International Workshop on Environmental Changes and Sustainable Development in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

Arid regions, dominated by deserts, are characterized by a severe shortage of moisture, and a lack of perennial and integrated systems of drainage. Distributed over a very large range of temperatures, from the very hot to the very cold zones, arid regions cover about one third of the world＇s land surface and occur in every continent, including Antarctica. Although their environmental conditions generally represent the ultimate natural challenges for life, arid and semiarid regions are the cradles of human civilizations, as ancient Egypt.

Structural and electrical transport properties of charge density wave material LaAgSb_(2)under high pressure

Layered lanthanum silver antimonide LaAgSb_(2)exhibits both charge density wave(CDW)order and Dirac-cone-like band structure at ambient pressure.Here,we systematically investigate the pressure evolution of structural and electronic properties of LaAgSb_(2)single crystal.We show that the CDW order is destabilized under compression,as evidenced by the gradual suppression of magnetoresistance.At P_(C)~22 GPa,synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal a structural modification at room-temperature.Meanwhile,the sign change of the Hall coefficient is observed at 5 K.Our results demonstrate the tunability of CDW order in the pressurized LaAgSb_(2)single crystal,which can be helpful for its potential applications in the next-generation devices.

The migration of the crustal deformation peak area in the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis inferred from present-day crustal deformation and morpho-tectonic markers

The present-day Global Positioning System(GPS)velocity field shows that the Indian Plate is not a complete rigid block,as its northeastern corner has been torn off and clockwise rotating relative to the main part.With the updated GPS velocity data,the Euler vector of the northeastern corner of the Indian Plate relative to the stable main plate is deduced as(89.566±0.06°E,26.131±0.05°N,1.34±0.11°/Myr).The peak area of the present-day crustal deformation is located in the Chayu deformation belt with the compressional dilation strain rate over 160 nanostrain/yr.However,the Namche-Barwa Syntaxis with the massive crustal thickening and intense surface erosion is generally considered to be the previous locus of the strongest compressional stress in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis over long geological timescales.Thus,there is a discrepancy between the previous and present-day crustal deformation peak areas.We argue the migration of the crustal deformation peak area with a total distance of about 120 km and ascribe it to the variation of stress conditions caused by northeast India’s clockwise rotation.

The Prediction of Stock Prices Based on PCA and BP Neural Networks

There are many factors to influence stock prices indeed. The research method combining models and examples is applied to study how the factors affect stock prices here. Firstly, the principal component analysis is used to deal with a set of variables as the input of a BP Neural Network. Therefore, not only is the number of variables less, but also most of the information of original variables is kept. Then, the BP Neural Network is established to analyze and predict stock prices. Finally, the analysis of Chinese stock market illustrates that the method predicting stock prices is satisfying and feasible.

Design of Landslide Warning System

Aiming at geological disaster monitoring and prevention work, a real-time monitoring and early warning system is proposed for low-power consumption of landslides to meet the needs of landslide monitoring in remote mountainous areas. The inclination angle of the mountain body was detected by a mechanical inclination sensor, and a plurality of inclination sensors were placed on each landslide body to form an array distribution. The landslide body was stereoscopically monitored. Each mesh node had a different node address, and different inclination thresholds were set in advance. When the sensor detection value reached the threshold, an alarm message was sent to the system main control end, and the main control end generated an audible and visual alarm, and an alarm message was sent at the same time. Compared with the current landslide warning system on the market, the system achieves expected results and its power consumption is extremely low. The sensor terminal of the mountain monitoring is powered by dry battery and can work for 6 years in the field without external power supply. It avoids the damages made by weather, livestock and human, and has broad application prospects.

Potato seed-metering monitoring and improved miss-seeding catching-up compensation control system using spatial capacitance sensor

The congenital yield reduction caused by miss-seeding in spoon-type seed-metering device of small and medium-sized potato planter is huge.Based on the physical mechanism of different measured capacitance values between two fixed capacitor plates with different media,a miss-seeding detection scheme based on a spatial capacitance sensor is proposed first.A simple and efficient spatial capacitance sensor that can obtain as large capacitance measurement value as possible is designed,and a dual CPU coordinated seed-monitoring and compensation control system architecture is adopted.AD7745 is selected for the capacitance measure of the spatial capacitance sensor,and the code of grating encoder is also recorded at the same time.Thereby,when each potato spoon passing through the space surrounded by the capacitor plates,the maximum net capacitance fluctuation and its corresponding position can be acquired.A suitable threshold can distinguish between normal-seeding and miss-seeding effectively.Moreover,it should be emphasized that,this monitoring system only requires one monitoring point.Then,based on obtained information,an improved miss-seeding catching-up compensation plan is put forward.By utilizing the powerful memory capability of the CPU,this system does not need to complete compensation immediately after the miss-seeding identification.Instead,the miss-seeding information and the location of the accident can be just marked in advance,and only when the opportunity arrives,can the miss-seeding catching-up compensation be truly executed.In this way,the position of the seed-monitoring points can be free from restriction,and the control strategy can therefore be significantly simplified.The soil tank test data showed that,the identification accuracy of the miss-seeding detection system was not less than 94%.When the seed-metering chain speeds are 0.2,0.3,and 0.4 m/s,the average success rates of the miss-seeding compensation system are 94.32%,83.65%,and 75.00%,respectively.The final miss-seeding rate can be below 3%,and the average deviation compensation rate was not higher than 30%,the miss-seeding was suppressed significantly.This system is a beneficial try in the non-photoelectric detection field and low complexity miss-seeding compensation for potato seeding.

Crystalline-amorphization-recrystallization structural transition and emergent superconductivity in van der Waals semiconductor SiP under compression

van der Waals(vdW)semiconductors have gained significant attention due to their unique physical properties and promising applications,which are embedded within distinct crystallographic symmetries.Here,we report a pressure-induced crystallineamorphization-recrystallization transition under compression in binary vdW semiconductor SiP.Upon compression to 52 GPa,bulk SiP undergoes a consecutive phase transition from pristine crystalline to amorphous phase,ultimately to recrystallized phase.By employing synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments in conjunction with high-pressure crystal structure searching techniques,we reveal that the recrystallized Si P hosts a tetragonal structure(space group I4mm)and further transforms partially into a cubic phase(space group Fm3m).Consistently,electrical transport and alternating-current magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of three superconducting phases,which are embedded in separate crystallographic symmetries—the amorphous,tetragonal,and cubic structures.Furthermore,a high superconducting transition temperature of 12.3 K is observed in its recovered tetragonal phase during decompression.Our findings uncover a novel phase evolution path and elucidate a pressure-engineered structure-property relationship in vdW semiconductor SiP.These results not only offer a new platform to explore the transformation between different structures and functionalities,but also provide new opportunities for the design and exploration of advanced devices based on vdW materials.

Recent advances in flexible batteries:From materials to applications

Along with the rapid development of flexible and wearable electronic devices,there have been a strong demand for flexible power sources,which has in turn triggered considerable efforts on the research and development of flexible batteries.An ideal flexible battery would have not only just high electrochemical performance but also excellent mechanical deformabilities.Therefore,battery constituent components,chemistry systems,device configurations,and practical applications are all pivotal aspects that should be thoroughly considered.Herein,we systematically and comprehensively review the fundamentals and recent progresses of flexible batteries in terms of these important aspects.Specifically,we first discuss the requirements for constituent components,including the current collector,electrolyte,and separator,in flexible batteries.We then elucidate battery chemistry systems that have been studied for various flexible batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,non-lithium-ion batteries,and high-energy metal batteries.This is followed by discussions on the device configurations for flexible batteries,including onedimensional fiber-shaped,two-dimensional film-shaped,and three-dimensional structural batteries.Finally,we summarize recent efforts in exploring practical applications for flexible batteries.Current challenges and future opportunities for the research and development of flexible batteries are also discussed.

A biomimetic piezoelectric scaffold with sustained Mg^(2+)release promotes neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation for enhanced bone regeneration

Natural bone is a composite tissue made of organic and inorganic components,showing piezoelectricity.Whitlockite(WH),which is a natural magnesium-containing calcium phosphate,has attracted great attention in bone formation recently due to its unique piezoelectric property after sintering treatment and sustained release of magnesium ion(Mg^(2+)).Herein,a composite scaffold(denoted as PWH scaffold)composed of piezoelectric WH(PWH)and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)was 3D printed to meet the physiological demands for the regeneration of neuro-vascularized bone tissue,namely,providing endogenous electric field at the defect site.The sustained release of Mg^(2+)from the PWH scaffold,displaying multiple biological activities,and thus exhibits a strong synergistic effect with the piezoelectricity on inhibiting osteoclast activation,promoting the neurogenic,angiogenic,and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)in vitro.In a rat calvarial defect model,this PWH scaffold is remarkably conducive to efficient neo-bone formation with rich neurogenic and angiogenic expressions.Overall,this study presents the first example of biomimetic piezoelectric scaffold with sustained Mg^(2+)release for promoting the regeneration of neuro-vascularized bone tissue in vivo,which offers new insights for regenerative medicine.

Analysis of the metering performance for typical shape maize seeds using DEM

The irregular shape,varying internal compositions,and uneven distributions of maize seeds can degrade the metering performance of maize seeders.This study investigates the effect of irregular maize on the performance of a high-filling-rate seed metering device using DEM.The results show that the seed population in the seed box formed large and small cycles of seed transport due to the disturbances caused by the three wheels.The increasing angular speed of the three wheels reduced the rate of seed filling in the seed filling regions by gravity and disturbances.In addition,an analysis of the repose angle formed by the dropped seed indicated that the angular speed of the taking seed wheel has a certain effect.The large angular speed reduced the coefficient of variation of the seed drop location.The repose angle of the horse tooth seed was greater than those of the other.Meanwhile,the irregular maize seed can also reduce the coefficient of variation of the seed drop location.A comparison between the simulation and experiment results indicates the number of metering seed were basically the same.

晚更新世以来塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区的环境演变

选取塔克拉玛干沙漠中西部南-北大断面为考察路线,综合运用第四纪地质学、地貌学等学科的研究方法,对9个河流-湖泊(及静水)-风沙沉积地层的古环境特征进行了解析和探讨.目前这些剖面都处于风沙环境,但保存的古河流沉积和湖泊(静水)沉积暗示这些区域都曾是河流所到之处或较长时间被水体淹没.通过光释光测年方法对河流和湖泊的起始时间进行了界定;选取颜色、粒度和磁化率等代用指标明确古环境意义.古环境代用指标值与野外沉积相的判断结果基本一致,河流和风沙沉积的粒度较湖相沉积为粗,磁化率总体较低,湖相沉积的碳酸钙含量较高.研究区河流和湖相沉积的持续时间说明,塔克拉玛干沙漠自晚更新世以来至少经历过3个相对比较湿润的时段,即约70~50 ka、末次冰期冰消期(约17~11 ka)和全新世晚期(约5~2 ka).对比分析表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠的古环境演变过程和机制与中国北方地区其他沙漠、沙地存在显著区别.