Effects of Combined Application of Biochar-based Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Yield of Purple Cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capita rubra)in Yuanmou County

[Objectives]In response to the issue of soil improvement in Yuanmou County,the effects of combined application of biochar-based organic fertilizer and reduced nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity,and yield of purple cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capita rubra)were investigated in the field base of Institute of Thermal Zone Ecological Agriculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Yuanmou County.[Methods]A total of 13 treatments were set up by applying biochar-based organic fertilizer at three levels of 15,30 and 45 t/hm^(2)(T_(1),T_(2),T_(3)),combined with top application of nitrogen fertilizer(urea)at four levels:375(N_1),300(N_(2)),225(N_(3))and 0 kg/hm^(2),with non-fertilizing treatment as control check(CK),in order to explore the optimal ratio for the combined application of biochar-based organic fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer.[Results]The application of biochar-based organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil nutrients,enzyme activity,and purple cabbage yield.The improvement effect of combined application with nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of single application of biochar-based organic fertilizer,and the improvement effect was enhanced with the application amount of biochar-based organic fertilizer increasing.The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were the highest in treatment T_(3)N_(3),of which the values increased by 81.39%and 56.09%compared with the CK,respectively.The contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were all the highest under treatment T_(3)N_(2),with increases of 92.76%,171.01%and 235.50%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between the activity of soil catalase,urease,and sucrase and organic matter,total nitrogen,and available nutrients.The overall soil enzyme activity was relatively higher in treatment T_(3)N_(2).The yield of purple cabbage treated with biochar-based organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer could reach 85750 kg/hm^(2),which was 94.78%higher than that treated with biochar-based organic fertilizer alone.Based on comprehensive analysis,the optimal combination ratio was 45 t/hm^(2)of biochar-based organic fertilizer and 300 kg/hm^(2)of urea(T_(3)N_(2)).[Conclusions]This study provides data support for the promotion of biochar-based organic fertilizers and reduced fertilizer in agricultural soil in the Dam area of Yuanmou County.

耐高温聚合物微/纳米纤维制备技术及应用研究进展

耐高温聚合物微/纳米纤维由于高温下仍保持良好的力学性能和热稳定性,并具备高孔隙率、高比表面积等优异特性,因而在高温过滤吸附、电池隔膜以及高温催化等领域应用前景广阔。文中重点介绍了国内外制备聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚砜类(PSF和PES)和聚酰亚胺(PI)微/纳米纤维的最新技术及应用进展,最后对耐高温微/纳米纤维未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为高性能耐高温聚合物微/纳米纤维的制备和应用研究提供新的思路。

Phylogenetic analysis of click beetles(Coleoptera: Elateridae) based upon 28S rDNA: phylogeny and classification

Elateridae（click beetles） is the largest family within the Elateroidea and is abundant worldwide. However, their phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain; older studies based on the external morphology of adults and larvae led to divergent classification systems. Many tribes, genera, and even subfamilies remain controversial. Partial sequences of 28S ribosomal DNA（rDNA） were used to investigate the phylogeny of click beetles. Sequences of 28S rDNA from 80 different click beetle species collected from different locations across China were determined along with those of another 86 Elateridae species and 14 outgroup species. The aligned data were analyzed by neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. All methods produced a nearly consistent basal topology that was partially congruent with those of previous studies based on adult and larval morphology as well as molecular data. Overall, the monophyly of Elateridae was supported. The family was divided into five clades, Denticollinae, Negastriinae, Cardiophorinae, Pyrophorinae, Oestodinae, and Elaterinae. Senodonia is traditionally considered a member of Elateridae, but this study indicated that it was more closely related to Lycidae. The position of the outgroup family Lampyridae also differed from its placement in previous research. In addition to confirming the Elateridae as monophyletic, we concluded that Oxynopterinae, Pityobiinae, and Hypnoidinae should be merged into Denticollinae; Conoderinae and Agrypninae should be regarded as subgroups of Pyrophorinae; and Melanotinae should be classified as a tribe of Elaterinae. Additional species should be sampled in future studies to confirm this reclassification.

Formation of ZnSe magic-size clusters displaying optical absorption doublets from prenucleation clusters

The formation pathway of colloidal semiconductor ZnSe magic-size clusters(MSCs)in a reaction that display an optical absorption doublet remains poorly understood.The reaction of Zn(OAc)_(2)/OLA(made from zinc acetate and oleylamine)and tri-noctylphosphine selenide(SeTOP)in OLA in the presence of diphenylphosphine(HPPh_(2))is studied,in which dMSC-345 displays a doublet peaking at 328/345 nm.We suggest that the development is from the clusters that form in the initial prenucleation stage of the reaction.The clusters are the precursor compound(PC-299)of MSC-299(displaying an absorption singlet peaking at 299 nm).PC-299 transforms to PC-345 at a later stage.The presence of alcohol(such as methanol or ethylene glycol)promotes another pathway,which is the PC-299 to PC-320 transformation.PC-320 transforms to dMSC-320(with a doublet at 305/320 nm),followed by dMSC-345 via PC-345.The present study provides additional evidence that clusters(PC-299)form and transform(such as to dMSC-345 via PC-345)in the prenucleation stage of ZnSe quantum dots(QDs).

Comparison of 1 Versus 2 Doses of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in 3-8-Year-Old Children with Different Immunological States—Jiangsu Province,China,2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?The quadrivalent influenza vaccine(QIV)provides protection against a broader range of influenza strains by including strains of influenza A/H1N1,A/H3N2,B/Yamagata,and B/Victoria.What is added by this report?This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of administering a single dose compared to two doses of QIV in children,taking into consideration their previous influenza vaccination history.

Targeting P21-activated kinase suppresses proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma(T-LBL)is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis.P21-activated kinase(PAK)is a component of the gene expression-based classifier that can predict the prognosis of T-LBL.However,the role of PAK in T-LBL progression and survival remains poorly understood.Herein,we found that the expression of PAK1 was significantly higher in T-LBL cell lines(Jurkat,SUP-T1,and CCRF-CEM)compared to the human T-lymphoid cell line.Moreover,PAK2 mRNA level of 32 relapsed T-LBL patients was significantly higher than that of 37 cases without relapse(P=.012).T-LBL patients with high PAK1 and PAK2 expression had significantly shorter median RFS than those with low PAK1 and PAK2 expression(PAK1,P=.028;PAK2,P=.027;PAK1/2,P=.032).PAK inhibitors,PF3758309(PF)and FRAX597,could suppress the proliferation of T-LBL cells by blocking the G1/S cell cycle phase transition.Besides,PF could enhance the chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,through western blotting and RNA sequencing,we identified that PF could inhibit the phosphorylation of PAK1/2 and downregulate the expression of cyclin D1,NF-κB and cell adhesion signaling pathways in T-LBL cell lines.These findings suggest that PAK might be associated with T-LBL recurrence and further found that PAK inhibitors could suppress proliferation and enhance chemosensitivity of T-LBL cells treated with doxorubicin.Collectively,our present study underscores the potential therapeutic effect of inhibiting PAK in T-LBL therapy.

SMILE术后调节功能变化

目的:研究飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)后双眼视及调节功能的变化特点。方法:回顾性研究。选取2015年3-12月在天津市眼科医院屈光手术中心接受SMILE的近视散光患者25例。分别在术前,术后1周、1个月、3个月测量调节功能参数,包括单眼调节幅度(MAA)、单眼调节灵敏度(MAF)、双眼交叉柱镜法(BCC)测量的调节反应、正相对调节(PRA)及负相对调节(NRA)。不同时间段之间参数的差异比较采用重复测量方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果:MAA在SMILE手术后1周下降,术后3个月时恢复到术前水平,差异有统计学意义(F=5.418,P=0.002);MAF及PRA在SMILE术后1周轻微下降,术后3个月较术前显著增加(F=8.090,P<0.001;F=5.466,P=0.002)。BCC测量的调节反应及NRA在术后各个时期差异无统计学意义(F=2.445,P=0.071;F=0.536,P=0.659)。结论:SMILE可暂时性降低调节功能,但随着时间推移逐渐好转。

Comparison of potential potassium leaching associated with organic and inorganic potassium sources in different arable soils in China

Potassium (K) leaching is detrimental to the maintenance of sustainable arable soil K fertility,especially in low-K fixation soils.It is not known whether the application of inorganic fertilizers with lower K mobility or crop straw can reduce potential K leaching in low-K fixation arable soils.The potential K leaching of 14 representative arable soils with different K fixation capacities in China was evaluated with or without the addition of K under two rainfall intensities (90 and 225 mm),and then potential K leaching was assessed in relation to five K sources (KCl,K_(2)SO_(4),KH_(2)PO_(4),maize (Zea mays L.) straw,and rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw).Without K addition,K leaching mainly occurred in sandy soils at 90 mm of rainfall and in soils with greater organic matter at225 mm of rainfall.With K addition,the leaching percentage of exogenous K ranged from 0.6%to 11.6%at 90 mm of rainfall and 1.2%to 21.2%at 225 mm of rainfall.The greatest K leaching occurred in soils with fewer K-bearing minerals and lower pH at both rainfall intensities.In most cases,KH_(2)PO_(4),which has lower K mobility,markedly reduced K leaching in both high-and low-K leaching soils at the two rainfall intensities.Maize and rice straw reduced K leaching only in soils with high K leaching,regardless of rainfall amount,whereas more K was leached in soils with lower K leaching at high rainfall intensity.In conclusion,KH_(2)PO_(4) and straw should be preferred for reducing K leaching in low-K fixation arable soils.

CdS magic-size clusters exhibiting one sharp ultraviolet absorption singlet peaking at 361 nm

We report,for the first time,the synthesis of CdS magic-size clusters (MSCs) which exhibit a single sharp absorption peaking at ~ 361 nm,along with sharp band edge photoemission at ~ 377 nm and broad trap emission peaking at ~ 490 nm.These MSCs are produced in a singleensemble form without the contamination of conventional quantum dots (QDs) and/or other-bandgap clusters.They are denoted as MSC-361.We present the details of several controlled syntheses done in oleylamine (OLA),using C,d(NO3)2 or C,d(OAc)2 as a C,d source and thioacetamide (TAA) or elementary sulfur (S) as a S source.A high synthetic reproducibility of the reaction of Cd(NO3)2 and TAA to single-ensemble MSC-361 is achieved,the product of which is not contaminated by other bandgap clusters and/or QDs.In some cases,the reaction product exhibits an additional absorption peak at ~ 322 nm.We demonstrate that the two peaks,at 361 and 322 nm,do not evolve synchronously.Therefore,the 322 nm peak is not a higher order electronic transition of MSC-361,but due to the presence of another ensemble,namely MSC-322.The present study suggests that there is an outstanding need for the development of a physical model to narrow the knowledge gap regarding the electronic structure in these colloidal semiconductor CdS MSCs.

Recyclable magnetite-silver heterodimer nanocomposites with durable antibacterial performance

There is a significant need for magnetite-silver nanocomposites that exhibit durable and recyclable antimicrobial activity.In this study,magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(Fe3O4 NPs)coated with ethylenediamine-modified chitosan/polyacrylic acid copolymeric layer(Fe3O4@ECS/PAA)were fabricated.Subsequently,directly deposited silver(Ag)NPs procedure was carried out to form the antibacterial heterodimers of Fe3O4@ECS/PAA-Ag NPs.The composition and morphology of the resultant nanostructures were confirmed by FT-IR,XRD,TEM and TGA.The overall length of the heterodimers was approximately 45 nm,in which the mean diameter of Fe3O4@ECS/PAA NPs reached up to 35 nm,and that of Ag NPs was around 15 nm.The mass fraction of silver NPs in the nanocomposites was about 63.1%.The obtained Fe3O4@ECS/PAA NPs exhibited good colloidal stability,and excellent response to additional magnetic field,making the NPs easy to recover after antibacterial tests.In particular,the Fe3O4@ECS/PAAAg NPs retained nearly 100%biocidal efficiency(106e107 CFU/mg nanoparticles)for both Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus throughout ten cycles without washing with any solvents or water,exhibiting potent and durable antibacterial activity.

Size matters:Steric hindrance of precursor molecules controlling the evolution of CdSe magic-size clusters and quantum dots

Little is known about how to precisely promote the selective production of either colloidal semiconductor metal chalcogenide(ME),magic-size clusters(MSCs),or quantum dots(QDs).Recently,a two-pathway model has been proposed to comprehend their evolution;here,we reveal for the first time that the size of precursors plays a decisive role in the selected evolution pathway of MSCs and QDs.With the reaction of cadmium myristate(Cd(MA)2)and tri-n-octylphosphine selenide(SeTOP)in 1-octadecene(ODE)as a model system,the size of Cd precursors was manipulated by the steric hindrance of carboxylic acid(RCOOH)additive.Without RCOOH,the reaction produced both CdSe MSCs and QDs(from 100 to 240℃).With RCOOH,the reaction produced MSCs or QDs when R was small(such as CH3−)or large(such as C6H5−),respectively.According to the twopathway model,the selective evolution is attributed to the promotion and suppression of the self-assembly of Cd and Se precursors,respectively.We propose that the addition of carboxylic acid may occur ligand exchange with Cd(MA)2,causing the different sizes of Cd precursor.The results suggest that the size of Cd precursors regulates the self-assemble behavior of the precursors,which dictates the directed evolution of either MSCs or QDs.The present findings bring insights into the two-pathway model,as the size of M and E precursors determine the evolution pathways of MSCs or QDs,the understanding of which is of great fundamental significance toward mechanism-enabled design and predictive synthesis of functional nanomaterials.

Catalogue of Eucnemidae(Coleoptera: Elateroidea) in China

This catalogue records the Eucnemidae species in China,including 15 genera,namely Isorhipis Lacordaire,1835,Melasis Olivier,1790,Calyptocerus Guérin-Méneville,1843,Hylis Gozis,1886,Epiphanis Eschscholtz,1829,Farsus Jacquelin du Val,1860,Microrhagus Dejean,1833,Dyscharachthis Blackburn,1900,Galbites Fleutiaux,1918,Procladidus Fleutiaux,1921,Pseudochapianus Lucht,1987,Raapia Fleutiaux,1899,Scython Laporte,1835,Serrifornax Fleutiaux,1926,Fornax Laporte,1835 and 25 species,belonging to 3 subfamilies:Melasinae,Eucneminae,and Macraulacinae,respectively.The taxonomy in the catalogue is based on the present classification system follows Muona.

Facile synthesis of nano-sized CuFe2S3:morphology and diverse functional tuning and crystal growth mechanism exploring

Ternary chalcogenide compounds are such promising and have been used for much practical applications.As a sort of these compounds,cubanite(CuFe2S3)possess some unique properties which can be used in different fields.In our study,we developed a facile one pot synthesis of CuFe2S3 nanocrystals(NCs)at a low reaction temperature,and achieved a morphology and phase composition tuning of the NCs through changing a variety of precursors and surfactants,meanwhile improved their magnetism and optical properties.Eventually,well-ordered and‘nano-brick’like CuFe2S3 NCs were obtained and showed best magnetism and near-infrared fluorescence properties.Furthermore,the NCs were proved with good biocompatibility and possibility for cell labeling.This kind of materials with lower toxicity and potential of magnetic is bound to remedy the defects of photoluminescence quantum dots(QDs)and be with higher potential in the field of biological diagnosis and multi-functional system construction.