Inhibition of SLC26A4 regulated by electroacupuncture suppresses the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Tofind potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inflammation were determined by HE staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inflammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.

Transcriptional Features of Cattle Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues: A Study of RNA-seq

Visceral and subcutaneous are the two major types of bovine adipose tissues, and they show metabolic and functional differences according to their distribution, exploring the transcriptional features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues is necessary. In the present study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to compare the transcriptome between visceral (great omental) and subcutaneous (backfat) adipose tissues from Chinese Simmental cattle and validate them by qRT-PCR. We found that 5864 genes were differentially expressed between two tissues, including 2979 up-regulated and 2885 down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue. Functional analysis revealed a variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism and immune response processes. This may provide valuable information to further our understanding of the complexity of gene regulation governing the physiology of different fat depots. This work highlighted potential genes regulating lipid metabolism and immune responses;it may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic and functional differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues.

基于巯基改性磺化海泡石与聚(2,5-苯并咪唑)原位复合的宽温域用质子交换膜

天然海泡石经微波辅助酸活化和巯基偶联剂改性得到磺化海泡石,然后原位合成制备燃料电池宽温域用聚(2,5-苯并咪唑)/磺化海泡石(ABPBI/S-Sep)复合质子交换膜。研究了海泡石改性前后结构变化,以及S-Sep粒子的加入对复合膜的微观形貌、结构、力学性能、吸水固酸能力以及高、低温下质子传导性能的影响。研究发现,海泡石粒子经微波辅助酸活化处理后产生了解纤维化,磺化改性提高了其与聚合物相容性;S-Sep纤维状粒子均匀分散在ABPBI基体中可诱导聚合物分子链取向排列,从而提高复合膜的力学性能,其特有的纳米通道结构及高比表面积显著提高了复合膜的吸水率和固酸能力。在相似磷酸(PA)掺杂水平下,复合膜在40~180℃宽温域下的质子传导率和峰值功率密度均高于ABPBI膜,并且磷酸掺杂水平为1.85的复合膜在90℃以下,60%和98%RH时质子传导性能以及80℃、0%RH时单电池性能均与Nafion 212相当,表明低磷酸掺杂水平下的S-Sep改性ABPBI复合膜具备从低温到高温且不控制湿度的宽温域使用优势,可拓展基于PA掺杂聚苯并咪唑类膜材料的使用温度范围。

低温燃料电池用聚(2,5-苯并咪唑)/磺化海泡石复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

采用原位法制备了一种适用于低温燃料电池的新型聚(2,5-苯并咪唑)/磺化海泡石(ABPBI/S-Sep)复合质子交换膜。对海泡石酸活化和磺化改性前后的化学结构、亲水性和分散性以及复合膜的形貌、吸水率、磷酸掺杂水平与质子传导率等性能进行了表征和测试。结果显示,所制备的S-Sep粒子在ABPBI聚合物基体中分散均匀,并能促进聚合物分子链的规整排布;与纯ABPBI膜相比,S-Sep粒子的添加显著增强了复合膜对水和磷酸的吸收和保留能力,且在相同或相近磷酸掺杂水平下,ABPBI/S-Sep复合膜的质子传导率显著提高。在40～90℃温度范围内,饱和湿度98%RH时复合膜的质子传导率与Nafion 212相当;在低湿度60%RH时,高磷酸掺杂水平的ABPBI/S-Sep复合膜质子传导率略低于98%RH的结果,但显著优于Nafion 212的质子传导性能。不同温湿度环境下的质子传导率结果表明S-Sep改性ABPBI复合膜具备低温环境使用的特点,可替代Nafion类全氟磺酸膜应用于低温质子交换膜燃料电池。

Separation and determination of acetyl-glutamine enantiomers by HPLC–MS and its application in pharmacokinetic study

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS) method was established for the separation and determination of acetyl-glutamine enantiomers(acetylL-glutamine and acetylD-glutamine) simultaneously. Baseline separation was achieved on Chiralpak AD-H column(250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm). n-Hexane(containing 0.1% acetic acid) and ethanol(75:25, v/v) were used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 m L/min. The detection was operated in the negative ion mode with an ESI source. [M-H]-m/z187.0540 for enantiomers and [M-H]-m/z 179.0240 for aspirin(IS) were selected as detecting ions. The linear range of the calibration curve for each enantiomer was 0.05–40 μg/m L. The precision of this method at concentrations of 0.5–20 μg/m L was within 7.23%, and the accuracy was 99.81%–107.81%. The precision at LOQ(0.05 μg/m L) was between 16.28% and 17.56%, which was poor than that at QC levels. The average extraction recovery was higher than 85% for both enantiomers at QC levels. The pharmacokinetics of enantiomers was found to be stereoselective. There was not chiral inversion in vivo or in vitro between enantiomers.

Continuous use of fitness apps and shaping factors among college students: A mixed-method investigation

Objective:This current study pursued an exploration of the psychological mechanism that determines college students'continuance intention to use fitness apps.Methods:This current study adopted a mixed methods research that composed two distinct phases.Study 1 was quantitative research that helped to identify determinants of Chinese college students'continuance intention to use.A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 379 college students to ascertain their user experience.Study 2 was qualitative research.A semi-structured interview was conducted with a sample of 10 college students.Study 2 can be seen as a follow-up study and it pursued an in-depth understanding on how college students use fitness apps in the everyday life and their views towards study 1's major findings.Results:The results revealed that five factors(confirmed usefulness,confirmed ease of use,satisfaction,fitness achievement and social connection)were found to significantly and positively affect college students'continuous intention to use fitness apps.Entertainment did not show obvious impact.In the interview,college students reported that even if they don't obtain entertainment from fitness apps,they will still push themselves to use them,because they have a very specific goal when using fitness apps,which is to achieve health and fitness.Conclusion:These findings indicated that successful fitness apps should make users feel convenient to use and indeed improves the fitness user's efficiency.Besides,people are more eager to get the information with strong credibility with the negligible effort.This implies more efforts should be made to design apps that can provide high-quality services.Moreover,if apps designers can pay more attention to protecting the personal information and data,it will inspire more people to use social connection functions.

Increased summer electric power demand in Beijing driven by preceding spring tropical North Atlantic warming

By using electric power data,observational station temperature data in Beijing,CN05.1 temperature data,ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data,and ERSST.v3 b sea surface temperature(SST) data,it is found that summer(JulyAugust) electric power demand in Beijing is remarkably positively correlated with the previous spring(MarchApril) tropical North Atlantic(TNA) SST anomaly(SSTA).The possible physical mechanism of the TNA SSTA affecting summer electric power in Beijing is also revealed.When a positive SSTA occurs in the TNA during spring,anomalous easterlies prevail over the tropical central Pacific,which can persist to the following summer.Trade winds are thus enhanced over the northern Pacific,which favors a strengthening of upwelling cold water in the tropical central-eastern Pacific.As a result,a negative SSTA appears in the central-eastern Pacific in summer,which means a La Nina event is triggered by the previous TNA SSTA through the Bjerknes feedback.During the La Nina event,an anomalous anticyclonic circulation occupies the northwestern Pacific.The southerly anomalies at the western edge of this anomalous anticyclone strengthen the transportation of warm and humid airflow from the low latitudes to North China,where Beijing is located,causing higher summer temperatures and increased electricity usage for air conditioning,and vice versa.The results of this study might provide a new scientific basis and dues for the seasonal prediction of summer electric power demand in Beijing.

Path of the Information Asymmetry of Asset Backed Securitization—Information Game Analysis of Embedded Block Chain Technology

In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.

Dealumination kinetics of composite ZSM-5/mordenite zeolite during steam treatment: An in-situ DRIFTS study

To get a better understanding of structural deactivation of ZSM-5/MOR during the catalytic cracking of n-heptane in the steam atmosphere, a comprehensive mechanism of hydrothermal dealumination was proposed through in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(DRIFTS) in this work. The mechanism can be divided into two steps: firstly, the hydrolysis of four Al\\O bonds, and secondly, the self-healing of Si\\OH bonds accompanied with partial condensation of the extra-framework Al species. Accordingly, the kinetics of dealumination process has also been fully discussed. In the IR spectra, the range of 3450–3850 cm^(-1) could be deconvolved to distinguish the hydroxyl groups on the different position and calculate the consumption of each hydroxyl group during the reaction. Based on results from the in-situ DRIFTS, the kinetics of dealumination was hence developed and also in well agreement with the kinetics of deactivation of ZSM/MOR catalysts during the reaction in the presence of little coke deposits.

Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Vitiligo by the Method of Invigorating Qi,Promoting Blood Circulation and Detoxification

Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicines have clear curative effects in the treatment of vitiligo with few side effects.Through literature research and clinical observation,the study summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo in traditional Chinese medicine as"deficiency,toxin,and stasis",formulated the method of invigorating qi,promoting blood circulation and detoxification,and prescribed Fuse Hexue Jiawei Decoction for the treatment of vitiligo.

碳点的研究进展及壳聚糖为原料的微波法制备

碳点(carbon dots,CDs)是一类具有显著特点的多功能新兴零维碳家族纳米材料,由于其优越的光学性能、良好的生物相容性、特有的表面功能化等,成为当今国际科技界研究热点之一.以生物质原料为前驱体制备CDs,因成本低廉、合成方法绿色环保,引起了广泛的关注.本文归纳了CDs领域的最新研究进展,包括采用不同的前驱体分子、掺杂杂原子元素、合成方法、合成条件及所制备CDs的性能特点与适宜的应用领域;简述了目前对CDs的分类、纳米结构和光电子机理等方面的认知;介绍了微波技术的特点及在制备CDs中的应用,根据已有的研究结果,阐明了微波法制备工艺可靠、方法简单易行;讨论了壳聚糖作为前驱体原料的优势所在:(1)壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)由几丁质脱乙酰化获得,几丁质则来源于废弃虾蟹壳,属于第二大天然可再生资源;(2)与其他天然有机分子作为前驱体相比,CTS分子结构含氮和氧,可以用作单一含碳、氮、氧元素的分子原料.氮原子掺杂可显著改善CDs发光性质,氧掺杂有利于CDs界面湿润,增加相容性.本文强调了壳聚糖-微波法-碳点这一产业链模式化对应的原料丰富易得、制备工艺可靠、后处理操作简单易行的特性.最后,提出了面临的挑战与未来大规模应用的展望.

Graphene as adsorbent for highly efficient extraction of modified nucleosides in urine prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis

RNA modifications have been involved in numerous biological processes, and aberrations of these modifications are tightly associated with various diseases including cancer. Herein, we developed graphenebased solid-phase extraction and robust ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) combined with stable isotope-dilution for simultaneous enrichment and accurate determination of 17 modified nucleosides in human urine. We found graphene could effectively adsorb various modified nucleosides in human urine samples. With this method, we identified and quantified these modified nucleosides in urine samples collected from lung cancer patients and healthy controls.We revealed that the levels of 12 modified nucleosides were all diminished in urine from lung cancer patients, compared with healthy controls. It is worth noting that we demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of 5,2-O-dimethyluridine(m~5U_m) in human urine. Together, we established a robust analytical method for simultaneous determinations of 17 modified nucleosides in human urine, and our results revealed a close correlation between the concentrations of urinary modified nucleosides and the occurrence of lung cancer, implying the potential applications of these modified nucleosides as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer. Moreover, this study will stimulate future investigations on the regulatory roles of RNA modifications in the initiation and progression of lung cancer.

戈壁中新乳齿象(Miomastodon gobiensis)头骨的发现及生物地层学分布

玛姆象科是象型类两个基本分支之一.然而由于发现材料的限制,学术界对早期欧亚大陆玛姆象类的解剖学特征及系统演化所知甚少.来自甘肃临夏盆地老沟地点的一件中新乳齿象头骨,是目前发现的第一件中新乳齿象头骨,也是欧亚大陆发现的第二件早-中中新世玛姆象科头骨,另外一件是发现于法国的苏黎世轭齿象(Zygolophodon turicensis),但保存不佳,因此,该标本对研究玛姆象类在早-中中新世的演化具有重要意义.新发现的标本颊齿轭型化程度比经典的苏黎世轭齿象(Zygolophodon turicensis)稍低,例如,齿脊比较粗壮,压缩齿谷,主齿柱新月嵴粗,侧视高度达齿谷的一半,牙齿釉质层厚.因此可归入之前在内蒙古通古尔中中新世报道过下颌的戈壁中新乳齿象(Miomastodon gobiensis).该头骨具有玛姆象类中的独特的衍征,例如,眼眶位置比苏黎世轭齿象靠后,且略偏向头顶.后一特征与豕脊齿象类相近,它的外鼻孔位置非常靠后,开口偏向上方,这些特征说明中新乳齿象在玛姆象科中具有独特的演化地位.中新乳齿象具有较显著的时代意义,早期较原始的同心中新乳齿象的时代为早中新世晚期到中中新世早期,约17~14 Ma;后期较进步的戈壁中新乳齿象的时代为中中新世晚期,在13.7~11.8 Ma左右.

开远小龙潭新发现的宽齿脊棱齿象及古猿时代的讨论

小龙潭煤矿发现的禄丰古猿开远种(Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis)是中国南方已知最早的中新世古猿化石,但其年代一直存在中中新世晚期和晚中新世早期两种争议,原因在于化石在地层中的准确层位不能确定,以及对一些象类和猪类化石年代学的解释存在分歧.本研究报道了小龙潭首次发现的宽齿脊棱齿象(Stegolophodon latidens)及其准确层位,为解决开远古猿的年代学疑问提供了强有力的证据.脊棱齿象具有非常快的演化速率,从早中新或中中新世早期的m3具5脊,中中新世晚期M3具5脊、m3具6脊,晚中新世早期M3具5~5.5脊、m3具6~7脊,到晚中新世中期M3具6脊、m3具7~8脊,形成了一个年代意义非常明确的演化序列.新发现的宽齿脊棱齿象材料M3具5.5脊,m3具7脊,主齿柱由于中附锥前移与前中心小尖愈合,后中心小尖不特别退化,成显著的"Y"型,二脊以后各脊呈不同程度的倒"V"型,这些特征与巴基斯坦中西瓦利克(Middle Siwaliks)晚中新世道克派珊(Dhok Pathan)组下部9.3~8.3 Ma之间的脊棱齿象形态非常相似,甚至略显进步,两者都可归入缅甸下伊洛瓦底(Lower Irrawaddy)晚中新世早期耶南当(Yenangyaung)动物群的宽齿脊棱齿象.对小龙潭之前发现的其他猪类和象类化石的修订,也支持小龙潭动物群年代为晚中新世早期的结论.新发现的化石层位于小龙潭组煤层的上部,接近灰白色泥灰岩的布沼坝组底部.根据原始资料记录,新发现的象化石与19世纪50和80年代分别发现的开远古猿极有可能为同一层位.近年来的古地磁数据认为该化石层的年代为11.6/11.7Ma,恰位于中中新世和晚中新世的界线,比西瓦利克发现的宽齿脊棱齿象年代略早,这种不一致留待进一步研究解决.

植物受体激酶的结构与功能研究进展

作为多细胞营固着生长的生命体,植物需要对外界多变的环境及内部不同组织细胞之间协调发育的多样信号做出精确的反应.与多细胞动物主要通过数量巨大的GPCR等受体蛋白参与细胞与环境及细胞之间的交流不同,植物主要靠数目庞大的植物受体激酶来完成相应功能.通过30多年的深入研究,植物受体激酶的功能研究取得了极大的进展,研究发现,植物受体激酶参与植物多种多样的生理病理过程,包括生长发育、气孔发育、分生组织发育、抗病、花粉管吸引和自交不亲和等.这些受体激酶的结构生物学研究在近10年取得了一系列重要的成果,使我们对各种受体激酶的配体识别及活化机制有了系统的认识.2017年国家自然科学奖二等奖授予"油菜素内酯等受体激酶的结构与功能研究",也是对这些成果的肯定.本综述对参与不同过程的受体激酶结构进行总结描述,随后对受体激酶的识别及活化规律进行总结,最后对该领域尚未解决的问题及研究方向提出展望.

可控核/壳结构聚合物电纺纤维的制备与应用

核/壳结构纳米纤维是一种兼具核层与壳层优异性能的功能化复合纤维,通常具有优于核层和壳层自身的性能,如可控的机械强度和较好的热传导系数等。其特殊的结构极大地提高了纤维的使用价值,拓宽了纤维的应用领域,因此,核/壳结构纳米纤维成为纤维领域的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术因其简单有效的特点,近些年来在众多纳米纤维制备技术中一直备受关注,制备结构和形貌可控的核/壳结构纤维的方法对于指导其在实际中的应用尤为重要。本文系统介绍了以静电纺丝技术制备核/壳结构纳米纤维的方法,主要包括单喷头相分离法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法以及模板法,重点讨论了影响核/壳结构的主要因素以及核/壳结构对纤维性能的影响。综述了近几年来国内外关于可控核/壳结构电纺纤维制备的研究新进展及其在药物缓释体系、组织工程支架、多功能敷料、污水处理材料、疏水性材料等领域的潜在应用价值。

A Facile Recovery Process for Cathodes from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries by Using Oxalic Acid

A simplistic and novel leaching process is developed to dispose spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))batteries.In this paper,oxalic acid is selected as a leaching reagent to recover lithium as a resource and remove phosphorus from LiFePO_(4) batteries,benefiting from its low natural effects.The physical properties of spent cathode materials(before leaching)and residues(after leaching)are identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The total amounts of Li and Fe are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES).The process occurs under conditions of a 0.3 mol·L^(-1) oxalic acid concentration,a temperature of 80℃,a reaction time of 60 min and a solid/liquid ratio of 60 g·L^(-1).It can effectively precipitate92%ferrum in terms of FeC_(2)O_(4)·2H_(2)O from LiFePO4,with the leaching efficiency of Li achieving up to 98%.This method demonstrates a new strategy for dealing with spent lithium iron phosphate batteries with a low cost and low environmental impact.

Incremental value of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction

Contrast echocardiography with left ventricular opacification （LVO） improves the definition of endocardium in two-dimensional echocardiography （2DE）. This study was aimed to determine whether LVO offered added diagnostic value in noncompaetion of left ventricular myocardium （NCVM）. A total of 85 patients （40± 20 years, 54 males） with suspected NCVM were subjected to transthoracic 2DE and LVO, and 40 healthy volunteers were examined with 2DE and assigned as control subjects. The location of NCVM, the thickness ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium （NCR）, and the cavity size and ejection fraction of LV were quantified. Results revealed that NCVM was mainly located in the LV medium （53.2%）, apical （46.2%） segments, and lateral wall （39.8%）. The NCR obtained through LVO was greater than that detected through 2DE （4.2 ±1.3 vs. 3.3 ±1.2, P 〈 0.001）, and higher inter-correlations and less intra- and inter-observer variabilities were determined in the former than in the latter. The NCVM detection rates were also increased from 63.5% via 2DE to 83.5% via LVO and 89.4% via 2DE combined with LVO （2DE ＋ LVO） （P = 0.0004）. The LV cavity size was greater and the LV ejection fraction （LVEF） was lower in the NCVM patients than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In the NCVM group, the LV cavity size was higher and the LVEF was lower in LVO than in 2DE （P 〈 0.01）. In conclusion, contrast echocardiography contributes significant sensitivity and reproducibility to routine transthoraeic echoeardiography in NCVM diagnosis. Therefore, this technique should be clinically performed to diagnose suspected NCVM.

Humidity and PM_(2.5) composition determine atmospheric light extinction in the arid region of northwest China

Atmospheric visibility can directly reflect the air quality.In this study,we measured watersoluble ions(WSIs),organic and element carbon(OC and EC)in PM 2.5 from September 2017 to August 2018 in Urumqi,NW China.The results show that SO4^2-,NO 3^(-)and NH4^(+)were the major WSIs,together accounting for 7.32%-84.12%of PM 2.5 mass.Total carbon(TC=OC+EC)accounted for 12.12%of PM 2.5 mass on average.And OC/EC>2 indicated the formation of secondary organic carbon(SOC).The levels of SO4^2-,NO3^(-)and NH4^(+)in low visibility days were much higher than those in high visibility days.Relative humidity(RH)played a key role in affecting visibility.The extinction coefficient(b ext)that estimated via Koschmieder formula with visibility was the highest in winter(1441.05±739.95 Mm-1),and the lowest in summer(128.58±58.00 Mm^(-)1).The b ext that estimated via IMPROVE formula with PM 2.5 chemical component was mainly contributed by(NH 4)2 SO4 and NH4 NO3.The b ext values calculated by both approaches presented a good correlation with each other(R^2=0.87).Multiple linear regression(MLR)method was further employed to reconstruct the empirical regression model of visibility as a function of PM 2.5 chemical components,NO_(2) and RH.The results of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model showed that residential coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the major sources of b ext.