揭秘钛神奇——科普多功能彩色钛制品膜层

以“揭开钛神奇面纱”为主线,首先采用电化学阳极氧化法制备多彩钛膜,并通过调控电压、电解质、阳极氧化时间实现膜层颜色的可控制备,展现出化学的视觉魅力。随后,通过X射线光电子能谱揭示这层神奇面纱为纯净无毒的二氧化钛,并展示阳极氧化膜质量提升和绿色循环工艺。另外,将钛阳极氧化膜用于染料废水处理,解释钛阳极氧化膜降解、抑菌、耐蚀功能的本质和多功能化特点,传达了化学的应用之美。与此同时,设计多角度的科普互动方案,针对不同知识背景的受众传授知识,让参与者消除对钛彩色膜层的安全性担忧,真切感受到化学的神奇。

Engineering of Self-Supported Electrocatalysts on a Three-Dimensional Nickel Foam Platform for Efficient Water Electrolysis

Economical water electrolysis requires highly active non-noble electrocatalysts to overcome the sluggish kinetics of the two half-cell reactions,oxygen evolution reaction,and hydrogen evolution reaction.Although intensive efforts have been committed to achieve a hydrogen economy,the expensive noble metal-based catalysts remain under consideration.Therefore,the engineering of self-supported electrocatalysts prepared using a direct growth strategy on three-dimensional(3D)nickel foam(NF)as a conductive substrate has garnered significant interest.This is due to the large active surface area and 3D porous network offered by these electrocatalysts,which can enhance the synergistic eff ect between the catalyst and the substrate,as well as improve electrocatalytic performance.Hydrothermal-assisted growth,microwave heating,electrodeposition,and other physical methods(i.e.,chemical vapor deposition and plasma treatment)have been applied to NF to fabricate competitive electrocatalysts with low overpotential and high stability.In this review,recent advancements in the development of self-supported electrocatalysts on 3D NF are described.Finally,we provide future perspectives of self-supported electrode platforms in electrochemical water splitting.

N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated N-TiO2/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube composite photocatalysts for antibiotic photodegradation and H2 production

Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.

3D genome organization and its study in livestock breeding

Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.

Boosting overall saline water splitting by constructing a strain-engineered high-entropy electrocatalyst

High-entropy materials(HEMs),which are newly manufactured compounds that contain five or more metal cations,can be a platform with desired properties,including improved electrocatalytic performance owing to the inherent complexity.Here,a strain engineering methodology is proposed to design transition-metal-based HEM by Li manipulation(LiTM)with tunable lattice strain,thus tailoring the electronic structure and boosting electrocatalytic performance.As confirmed by the experiments and calculation results,tensile strain in the LiTM after Li manipulation can optimize the d-band center and increase the electrical conductivity.Accordingly,the asprepared LiTM-25 demonstrates optimized oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction activity in alkaline saline water,requiring ultralow overpotentials of 265 and 42 mV at 10 mA cm−2,respectively.More strikingly,LiTM-25 retains 94.6%activity after 80 h of a durability test when assembled as an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer.Finally,in order to show the general efficacy of strain engineering,we incorporate Li into electrocatalysts with higher entropies as well.

Additional far-red light promotes adventitious rooting of doubleroot-cutting grafted watermelon seedlings

Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)seedlings.In this study,the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined.This revealed that addition of far-red light(Fr)could significantly expedite root formation in the rootstock.Moreover,the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and auxinrelated genes were greatly induced by Fr,especially for auxin-response proteins(including CmIAA11,CmIAA17,and CmAUX28),Small auxinup RNA genes(including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50)and the auxin efflux transporter(CmPIN3).In addition,the expression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor(PIFs),such as CmPIF1,CmPIF3 and CmPIF7,was remarkably increased by Fr.These genes may act together to activate auxinrelated pathways under Fr treatment.Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis,the concentrations of different auxin-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr.Furthermore,the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment,which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing experiment.Therefore,all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks,which may be associated with the auxin accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of auxinrelated and PIF genes.The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings,which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production.

Experimental study on the influence of content and fineness of fly ash on the mechanical properties of grouting slurries

Excavation gaps around the front shield can be generated during shield construction,resulting in significant ground settlement.Traditional synchronous grouting slurries are unsuitable forfilling these gaps during tunneling under existing subway lines.To address this issue,experiments are conducted on mix characteristics and hardening properties of slurries with variations infineness and contents offly ash.The experimental and computed tomography scan results yield the followingfindings:(1)fly ash with highfineness can effectively reduce the early strength of slurries and enhance their injectability.This improves thefilling effect on micropores in the slurry and ultimately enhances thefinal hardening strength.(2)Fineness offly ash controls the process of slurry hydration.The higher thefineness offly ash,the more visible the exothermic hydration of slurry and the earlier the highest temperature peak appears.(3)Fly ash with highfineness can effectively increase the density and consolidation rate of slurries,resulting in greater improvement in slurry strength,particularly when the ratio offly ash to cement(mf/mc)is 0.75.(4)Fly ash with highfineness can effectively decrease the likelihood of appearance of pores in the slurry,optimize the pore structure,and enhance the strength of slurries after consolidation.

Construction and Practice of Transformation System of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture:A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Accelerating the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is a key link in implementing innovation-driven development strategy and rural revitalization strategy,and improving development quality and core competitiveness.How to build a scientific and systematic transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and improve the overall management level of scientific and technological achievements transformation of agricultural scientific research institutes is one of the key tasks to measure how a scientific research institute supports industry and serves society.Taking the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,this paper explores the construction and practice of its scientific and technological achievements transformation system since the 13 th Five-Year Plan period.By arranging the current situation of resource elements for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,analyzing the progress of the construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,summarizing the practical results of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,this paper puts forward 10 strategies and measures(implementing key projects for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements;striving to promote the transformation and application of on-duty scientific and technological achievements;accelerating the development and utilization of advantageous and characteristic resources;strengthening the use and protection of intellectual property rights;actively expanding cooperation activities between government,industry and research;increasing special financial support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements;innovating state-owned asset management to accelerate scientific and technological development;piloting equity incentives to expand scientific and technological development channels to increase income;striving to create a relaxed environment for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,effectively create scientific and technological value,enhance the development strength of the institute,and promote high-quality industrial development)in order to provide a useful reference for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural research institutes.

Analysis of the Efficacy,Progression-Free Survival,and Safety of Anlotinib in Advanced Lung Cancer Treatment

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy,progression-free survival,and safety of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 60 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with anlotinib from May 2019 to May 2021.This analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy,progression-free survival,and adverse reactions of anlotinib.Results:The median progression-free survival(PFS)for the 60 patients was 5.79 months,with an overall response rate(ORR)of 21%and a disease control rate(DCR)of 90%.In the first-line group,the median PFS was 6.20 months,ORR was 76.92%,and DCR was 84.61%.The second-line group showed a median PFS of 6.30 months,ORR of 28.57%,and DCR of 90.48%.In the third-line group,the median PFS was 5.34 months,ORR was 19.23%,and DCR was 92.30%.The single-agent group exhibited a median PFS of 5.09 months,ORR of 23.33%,and DCR of 76.67%.In the combination group,the median PFS was 6.53 months,ORR was 46.67%,and DCR was 100%.The combination group demonstrated a significantly higher medication effect than the single-drug group,and adverse drug reactions were mostly grade 1-2.Conclusion:Anlotinib exhibits a better disease control rate and survival benefit in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.The combination effect is superior to monotherapy,with relatively controllable adverse effects.

Ugi四组分一锅法高效合成结构独特的活性生物碱化合物

以α-氨基酸、醛、异腈和醇为原料,四组分在室温条件下通过一锅法反应制备得到结构独特的天然活性生物碱1,1’-亚胺基二羧酸衍生物。利用薄层色谱、高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪对反应进程进行监测,用硅胶柱层析对产物进行纯化,化合物的结构通过质谱、核磁共振波谱的解析确定。该反应是Ugi反应的创新发展,具有反应操作简单、产率高、立体选择性好、高原子经济性等特点,在新药设计与合成、组合化学和天然产物合成中具有广泛的应用。

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Ibrutinib in the Treatment of Refractory/Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Objective: Therapeutic results of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL) are very disappointing at present, and there is no standard effective treatment regimen. Ibrutinib has been proved to be effective for R/R MCL, however, the sample size of these individual clinical studies was relatively small. Hence, current clinical experience in its usage is still limited. It is necessary to systematically analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of ibrutinib in the treatment of R/R MCL. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched using English search terms, mantle cell lymphoma, MCL, and ibrutinib;the VIP, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched using the Chinese search terms, ibrutinib and mantle cell lymphoma. The extracted data were subjected to meta-analysis using R software to deduce the effective rate and occurrence rate of serious adverse reactions. Results: A total of 12 cohort studies were included in this analysis. The results demonstrated that ibrutinib could be an efficient therapy regimen for R/R MCL patients and the effect of combination therapy was better than that of single-drug therapy. During the treatment with ibrutinib, the adverse reactions mainly included hematological toxicity, infection, atrial fibrillation, and bleeding. Discussion: Our analysis showed ibrutinib is an optimal second-line treatment for R/R MCL, and the combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy as it was well-tolerated by the patients. Therefore, the combination of other drugs for R/R MCL should be considered for patients with poor efficacy of ibrutinib alone or relapse after treatment.

打磨引起的残余应力对BaTiO_(3)陶瓷挠曲电响应的影响

铁电陶瓷中测量得到的大的挠曲电响应可以用来源于应力弛豫的自发极化表面层机理来解释。然而,产生极化表面层的应力来源尚未完全清楚。本工作系统地研究了表面应力对不同粒度砂纸打磨的BaTiO_(3)陶瓷的微观结构、介电性能和挠曲电响应的影响。与原始样品相比,打磨后的BaTiO_(3)陶瓷的挠曲电系数由~600μC/m降至200μC/m以下。但经过200℃热处理并且缓慢冷却后,所有样品的挠曲电系数都恢复到~500μC/m。结果表明,打磨在铁电陶瓷的表面层上引入了应力,在一定程度上影响了其挠曲电响应,但打磨引入的应力不是极化表面层形成的主要原因。

紫檀芪抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

紫檀芪(3,5-二甲氧基-4’-羟基二苯乙烯)是一种主要存在于蓝莓、葡萄和花榈木中的多酚类化合物。已有的研究发现紫檀芪具有抗肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌等多种肿瘤的抗癌作用。其作用机制涉及调控影响多种肿瘤生物学特性。此外,紫檀芪具有比白藜芦醇更高的生物利用度和生物活性,其抗肿瘤作用和机制值得深入探讨和研究。

基于石墨烯光子晶体光纤的流体传感器

与传统的传感器设备阵列相比,由于结构更为简单,具有广泛检测兼容性的光纤系统逐渐成为分布式监测的有力候选者。然而,受工作机制的限制,大多数光纤传感器仍局限于对折射率等物理参数进行探测,一种用于环境化学监测的全光纤分布式传感系统亟待研发。本工作中,我们向化学气相沉积法生长的石墨烯光子晶体光纤(Gr-PCF)中引入了一种化学传感机制。初步结果表明,石墨烯光子晶体光纤可以选择性地检测浓度为ppb级的二氧化氮气体,并在液体中表现出离子敏感性。石墨烯光子晶体光纤与光纤通信系统的波分、时分复用技术结合后,将为实现分布式光学传感环境问题提供巨大的潜力和机会。

元素化学教学中关于“无机物热稳定性”的知识建构

“无机物热稳定性”是元素化学内容教与学的难点之一。本文选取代表性实例,通过分析、比较和归纳影响无机物热稳定性的根本影响因素,对其进行结构化、本源化理解,构建认识无机物热稳定性的思维导图,建立无机物热稳定性的认识模型。以“无机物热稳定性”为知识载体,探讨知识“建构式”的学习模式在元素化学教学中的应用。

Prediction of pathological nodal stage of locally advanced rectal cancer by collective features of multiple lymph nodes in magnetic resonance images before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Objective:To predict pathological nodal stage of locally advanced rectal cancer by a radiomic method that uses collective features of multiple lymph nodes(LNs)in magnetic resonance images before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT).Methods:A total of 215 patients were included in this study and chronologically divided into the discovery cohort(n=143)and validation cohort(n=72).In total,2,931 pre-NCRT LNs and 1,520 post-NCRT LNs were delineated from all visible rectal LNs in magnetic resonance images.Geometric,first-order and texture features were extracted from each LN before and after NCRT.Collective features are defined as the maximum,minimum,mean,median value and standard deviation of each feature from all delineated LNs of each participant.LN-model is constructed from collective LN features by logistic regression model with L1 regularization to predict pathological nodal stage(ypN0 or ypN+).Tumor-model is constructed from tumor features for comparison by using DeLong test.Results:The LN-model selects 7 features from 412 LN features,and the tumor-model selects 7 features from 82 tumor features.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of LN-model in the discovery cohort is 0.818[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.745-0.878],significantly(Z=2.09,P=0.037)larger than 0.685(95%CI:0.602-0.760)of the tumor-model.The AUC of LN-model in validation cohort is 0.812(95%CI:0.703-0.895),significantly(Z=3.106,P=0.002)larger than 0.517(95%CI:0.396-0.636)of the tumor-model.Conclusions:The usage of collective features from all visible rectal LNs performs better than the usage of tumor features for the prediction of pathological nodal stage of locally advanced rectal cancer.

Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of lanthanum doped anatase TiO_2 coated Fe_3O_4 composites

A composite photocatalyst （La/TiO2/Fe3O4） with a lanthanum doped TiO2 （La/TiO2） shell and a magnetite core was prepared by coating photoactive La/TiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of as-prepared samples were charac-terized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of lanthanum content on the photocatalytic properties was studied, and the result revealed that 0.15 mol% La/TiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited the highest photoactiv-ity. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared photocatalyst under UV and visible light were investigated in aqueous solution using methyl orange （MO） as a target pollutant. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as an ef-fective catalyst in photooxidation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, La/TiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by a simple magnetic process.

Mesoscale fracture behavior of Longmaxi outcrop shale with different bedding angles:Experimental and numerical investigations

The mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of shale containing beddings are critically important in shale gas exploitation and wellbore stability.To investigate the effects of shale bedding on crack behavior and fracturing mechanism,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with a loading system was employed to carry out three-point bending tests on Longmaxi outcrop shale.The crack initiation and propagation of Longmaxi shale were observed and recorded by taking photos during loading.The cracking paths were extracted to calculate the crack length through a MATLAB program.The peak load,fracture toughness and fracture energy all increase with the bedding angle from 0°to 90°.The crack length and energy were also found to increase with the bedding angle in the range of 0°-600 and then drop slightly.The fracturing mechanism of shale includes the main crack affected by the bedding angle and disturbed by randomly distributed particles.The main cracking path was accompanied by several microcrack branches which could form an interconnected crack system.When the main crack encounters larger sedimentary particles,it will deflect around the particles and then restore to the initial direction.A numerical technique using extended finite element method(XFEM)coupled with anisotropic cohesive damage criteria was developed,which is able to capture the dependence of crack propagations on bedding angle and sedimentary particles.This study sheds light on understanding and predicting mesoscale fracture behavior of shale with different bedding angles.

Phase evolution and properties of glass ceramic foams prepared by bottom ash,fly ash and pickling sludge

Municipal solid waste incineration products of bottom ash(BA),fly ash(FA),and pickling sludge(PS),causing severe environ-mental pollution,were transformed into glass ceramic foams with the aid of CaCO3 as a pore-foaming agent during sintering.The effect of the BA/FA mass ratio on the phase composition,pore morphology,pore size distribution,physical properties,and glass structure was investigated,with results showing that with the increase in the BA/FA ratio,the content of the glass phase,Si-O-Si,and Q3Si units decrease gradually.The glass transmission temperature of the mixture was also reduced.When combined,the glass viscosity decreases,causing bubble coalescence and uneven pore distribution.Glass ceramic foams with uniform spherical pores are fabricated.When the content of BA,FA,and PS are 35wt%,45wt%,and 20wt%,respectively,contributing to high performance glass ceramic foams with a bulk density of 1.76 g/cm3,porosity of 56.01%,and compressive strength exceeding 16.23 MPa.This versatile and low-cost approach provides new insight into synergistically recycling solid wastes.

Template-free synthesis of core-shell Fe_(3)O_(4)@MoS_(2)@mesoporous TiO_(2) magnetic photocatalyst for wastewater treatment

TiO_(2)is the dominant and most widely researched photocatalyst for environmental remediation,however,the drawbacks,such as only responding to UV light(<5%of sunlight),low charge separation efficiency,and difficulties in recycling,have severely hindered its practical application.Herein,we synthesized magnetically separable Fe_(3)O_(4)@MoS_(2)@mesoporous TiO_(2)(FMmT)photocatalysts via a simple,green,and template-free solvothermal method combined with ultrasonic hydrolysis.It is found that FMmT possesses a high specific surface area(55.09 m2·g−1),enhanced visible-light responsiveness(~521 nm),and remarkable photogenerated charge separation efficiency.In addition,the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of FMmT for methylene blue(MB),rhodamine B(RhB),and tetracycline(TC)are 99.4%,98.5%,and 89.3%within 300 min,respectively.The corresponding degradation rates are 4.5,4.3,and 3.1 times higher than those of pure TiO_(2)separately.Owing to the high saturation magnetization(43.1 A·m^(2)·kg^(−1)),FMmT can achieve effective recycling with an applied magnetic field.The improved photocatalytic activity is closely related to the effective transport of photogenerated electrons by the active interlayer MoS_(2) and the electron–hole separation caused by the MoS_(2)@TiO_(2)heterojunction.Meanwhile,the excellent light-harvesting ability and abundant reactive sites of the mesoporous TiO_(2)shell further boost the photocatalytic efficiency of FMmT.This work provides a new approach and some experimental basis for the design and performance improvement of magnetic photocatalysts by innovatively incorporating MoS2 as the active interlayer and integrating it with a mesoporous shell.