High photoelectric conversion efficiency and fast relaxation time of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3) applied in ultrafast modulation of terahertz waves

Active control of terahertz(THz)waves is attracting tremendous attentions in terahertz communications and active photonic devices.Perovskite,due to its excellent photoelectric conversion performance and simple manufacturing process,has emerged as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications.However,the exploration of perovskites in optically controlled THz modulators is still limited.In this work,the photoelectric properties and carrier dynamics of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)perovskite films were investigated by optical pumped terahertz probe(OPTP)system.The ultrafast carrier dynamics reveal that FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)thin film exhibits rapid switching and relaxation time within picosecond level,suggesting that FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)is an ideal candidate for active THz devices with ultrafast response.Furthermore,as a proof of concept,a FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)-based metadevice with integrating plasma-induced transparency(PIT)effect was fabricated to achieve ultrafast modulation of THz wave.The experimental results demonstrated that the switching time of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)-based THz modulator is near to 3.5 ps,and the threshold of optical pump is as low as 12.7μJ cm^(-2).The simulation results attribute the mechanism of ultrafast THz modulation to photo-induced free carriers in the FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)layer,which progressively shorten the capacitive gap of PIT resonator.This study not only illuminates the potential of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)in THz modulation,but also contributes to the field of ultrafast photonic devices.

A new pelagic Polyconchoecia Xiang, Chen and Du, 2018(Ostracoda:Myodocopa:Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea

Halocyprid ostracods are appreciable part of ostracods floating through virtually everywhere in marine environment.In this study,we describe a new species of genus Polyconchoecia Xiang,Chen and Du,2018,tribe Conchoeciini Chavtur and Angel,2011,family Halocyprididae Dana,1853 from the middle of the South China Sea.Polyconchoecia chenii sp.nov.is very close to P.commixtus Xiang,Chen and Du,2018.But it differs from P.commixtus by the distinctions of locations of major glands of carapace and the characteristics of appendages:more posteriorly situated left asymmetric gland of carapace,no right asymmetric gland;segmented frontal organ;the endopod 2 of the first antenna with a very small seta;a-and c-setae of the first antenna with long end joint have long end joint,the b-and d-setae have no end joint,spinose e-seta without end joint;the e-seta of the second antenna is present;teeth side is distinctive;the setal counts of the mandible,maxilla,fifth limb,and sixth limb are individual.The locations of the major glands on carapace and the characteristics of the first antenna can be the key of the new species.This work is the second discovery of the genus Polyconchoecia from the world.

1,8-cineole ameliorates colon injury by downregulating macrophage M1 polarization via inhibiting the HSP90-NLRP3-SGT1 complex

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation.Currently,there is no effective treatment for the disease.According to our preliminary data,1,8-cineole,which is the main active compound of Amomum compactum Sol.ex Maton volatile oil and an effective drug for the treatment of pneumonia,showed remarkable anti-inflammatory effects on colitis pathogenesis.However,its mechanism of action and direct targets remain unclear.This study investigated the direct targets and mechanism through which 1,8-cineole exerts its anti-inflammatory effects using a dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis mouse model.The effects of 1,8-cineole on macrophage polarization were investigated using activated bone marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells.In addition,1,8-cineole targets were revealed by drug affinity responsive target stability,thermal shift assay,cellular thermal shift assay,and heat shock protein 90(HSP90)adenosine triphosphatases(ATPase)activity assays.The results showed that 1,8-cineole exhibited powerful anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the macrophage M1 polarization and protecting intestinal barrier function.Mechanistically,1,8-cineole directly interacted with HSP90 and decreased its ATPase activity,also inhibited nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-,leucine rich repeat-,and pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)binding to HSP90 and suppressor of G-two allele of SKP1(SGT1)and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.These results demonstrated that 1,8-cineole is a potential drug candidate for UC treatment.

Effect of Electro-Acupuncture on Expression of Circadian Clock Gene Per2 and Bmal1 in Sleep Deprivation Rat

Objective: The objective is to observe the treatment effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on core circadian clock gene Per2 and Bmal1 expression in hypothalamus of sleep-deprivation (SD) rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice in the blank control group did not receive any treatment;the remaining groups were applied with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection for 2 days. Diazepam group received intraperitoneal injection of Diazepam (0.9 mg/kg, i.p.) one time a day for 5 days, while M group was treated with saline (0.9 mg/kg, i.p.) at the same time. Rats in EA group were given EA treatment, 20 minutes, once a day for 5 days, and rats in remaining groups were put into fixation-machine for the same time everyday, lasting for 5 days. Rats were sacrificed after anesthesia at the 8th day. Real-time PCR was adopted to detect the expression in clock gene Per2 and Bmal1 of each group. Results: Compared with blank control group, the expression of Per2 was significant decreased in PCPA model group (P 0.05). Conclusion: EA can significant up-regulate the expression of Per2 in SD rats, and down-regulate gene Bmal1 expression, and benefiting the weight of rats. Thus, EA is a potentially promising intervention to treat sleep-deprivation.

Two new species of medusae(Cnidaria) from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf

Medusae in 116 samples collected from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf during four seasonal oceanographic cruises from October 2017 to August 2018 were analyzed.In total,34 species were identified.Two of the species are new to science,Proboscidactyla pentacanalis Xu,Chen&Yang sp.nov.and Helgicirrha apapillata Xu,Chen&Wang sp.nov.,and three species are newly recorded in the Beibu Gulf,i.e.,Hydractinia vacuolata Xu&Huang,2006,Proboscidactyla flavicirrata Brandnt,1834 and Phialella macrogona Xu,Huang&Wang,1985.Collections of the species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources.

Effect of modified Taohongsiwu decoction on patients with chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of the Traditional Chinese Medicine,modified Taohongsiwu decoction,versus pyridoxine on patients with hand-foot syndrome(HFS)from capecitabine,sorafenib,and gefitinib chemotherapy for gastric,lung,breast,colon,or rectal cancer.Also,to compare quality of life of patients in each group.METHODS:Patients were assigned randomly to group A or B.Group A was given modifiedTaohongsiwu decoction to soak hands and feet for 30 min,once daily.Group B was given 100 mg pyridoxine orally,twice daily.After a 2-week treatment,thetherapeutic effect was assessed by observing three major symptoms,including pain,ulceration,and muscular atrophy.This was assessed with the HFS-14 questionnaire.RESULTS:Significant differences were observed between the two groups in pain relief,and improvement of daily life,walking,and interpersonal communication(P<0.01).No significant differences in driving ability or interpersonal relationships were found.After 2 weeks,the effective rate was 88.3%in group A,which was significantly higher than the50%in group B(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Modified Taohongsiwu decoction is effective in the treatment of patients with HFS.It improves patients'quality of life according to the HFS-14.

Catalytic oxidation of CO over Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts:Tuning O2 activation and CO adsorption

The self-inhibition behavior due to CO poisoning on Pt metal particles strongly impairs the performance of CO oxidation.It is an effective method to use reducible metal oxides for supporting Pt metal particles to avoid self-inhibition and to improve catalytic performance.In this work,we used in situ reductions of chloroplatinic acid on commercial Fe3O4 powder to prepare heterogeneousstructured Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts in the solution of ethylene glycol.The heterogeneous Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts achieved a better catalytic performance of CO oxidation compared with the Fe3O4 powder.The temperatures of 50%and 90%CO conversion were achieved above 260℃and 290℃at Pt/Fe3O4,respectively.However,they are accomplished on Fe3O4 at temperatures higher than 310℃.XRD,XPS,and H2-TPR results confirmed that the metallic Pt atoms have a strong synergistic interaction with the Fe3O4 supports.TGA results and transient DRIFTS results proved that the Pt metal particles facilitate the release of lattice oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies on Fe3O4.The combined results of O2-TPD and DRIFTS indicated that the activation step of oxygen molecules at surface oxygen vacancies could potentially be the rate-determining step of the catalytic CO oxidation at Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts.The reaction pathway involves a Pt-assisted Mars-van Krevelen(MvK)mechanism.

Mechanism and effect of Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) on serum calcium in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit （CaL-α1C）, plasma membrane calci- um-ATPase （PMCA） mRNA expression, and the L-type calcium channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Twelve-week-old male rats with sponta- neous hypertension were divided into three groups： a Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group （group 1）, a nifedipine group （group 2）, and a dis- tilled water group （group 3）. All were given a four-week treatment. Blood pressure and dissocia- tive serum calcium were examined before treat- ment. Blood pressure was taken every week during treatment. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to examine dissociative serum calcium. Re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of CaL-α1C and PM- CA1 mRNA. The patch clamp technique was used to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle cell calcium chan- nels. RESULTS： After treatment, blood pressure of the Shijueming （Concha Halioticlis） group lowered but not significantly （P〉0.05）. Blood pressure of the nifedipine group lowered significantly （P〈0.05）. Blood pressure of the distilled water group re- mained high. The concentration of serum calcium in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） and the dis- tilled water groups lowered （P〈0.05）. Expression of CaL-α1C mRNA in the nifedipine group decreased compared with the distilled water group （P〈0.01）. There was the decreasing trend in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group, but it was not statistically significant. Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） also had effects on the expression of PMCA1 mRNA but with- out statistical significance. However, there was a significant decreasing effect on vascular smooth muscle cell Ica-L flow. CONCLUSION： This study indicated that Shijuem- ing （Concha Haliotidis） could increase serum calci- um and decrease blood pressure. It may work by in- fluencing calcium channels, expression of PMCA1 mRNA, and regulating ion calcium channels and calcium-ATPase.

隆水蚤科多样性与生态学研究进展

隆水蚤科以其丰富的个体数和多样性成为海洋水体生态系统中极为重要的小型桡足类,但其分类学和多样性研究仍有较大不足,其生态功能及在生态系统中的地位存在被低估的可能。为了提升对隆水蚤科的认识,本文对国际隆水蚤科分类学和物种多样性研究进展、隆水蚤科的物种多样性研究难点和技术发展趋势、隆水蚤科的分布和生态等方面研究进行概述。19世纪末Giesbrecht创建隆水蚤科,随后该科的新物种不断被发现和描述,目前已描述115种。中国海仅记录到隆水蚤科物种11种,相关生态学研究较薄弱。隆水蚤科由于个体小,许多物种间具有高度的形态相似性,并且包含很多姐妹种及种内分型,因此许多研究将传统分类鉴定手段与分子生物学技术相结合,以提高物种的发现和描述效率。随着研究的不断深入,有关隆水蚤科物种的分布特征、食性特征、种群特征和行为学特征等均得到不同程度的关注,这都将提高隆水蚤科研究的广度和深度。随着研究技术的迅速发展以及许多设备先进的科学考察船和载人潜水器被用于海洋研究,从近海、边缘海到深远海研究的协同发展,海洋生物样品资源不断丰富,这将带动我国分类和多样性研究快速发展,使隆水蚤科的分类学研究不断深入。