On the Influences of Urbanization on the Extreme Rainfall over Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021: A Convection-Permitting Ensemble Modeling Study

This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale[1-km resolution in the innermost domain(d3)].Two ensembles of simulation(CTRL,NURB),each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes,were conducted using different land cover scenarios:(i)the real urban land cover,(ii)all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover.The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region,although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members.The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%,and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB.The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south,southeast,and east of Zhengzhou.Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer(PBL),which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas.As a result,the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe(equivalent potential temperature)air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.

MTT Detection of the Toxicity on CdTe Quantum Dots

Objective: The quantum dots are the useful materials in microelectronics and biomedical research. However its toxicity has to be considered. We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core quantum dots and CdTe quantum dots modified with Thioglycolic acid or Cysteine functional group (TGA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe/ZnS, Cys-CdTe, Cys-CdTe/ZnS) on Caco-2 cell proliferation. Methods: We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core QDs and CdTe QDs modified with functional group on Caco-2 cell proliferation by MTT assay at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml and 6, 24, 48 h. Result: Our results showed that all QDs have inhibited cell proliferation and reached maximum 79.21%. The inhibition rate of Cys-modified QDs increased with the increase of concentration and reached maximum 66.72%. The inhibition rate of TGA-modified QDs increased with the increase of time. The ratios of Cys-modified to TGA-modified were less than 1 at all concentrations and three exposure times (P ≤ 0.01). The average ratios of Cys-CdTe/ZnS to Cys-CdTe reached 1.11 only for 48 h (P ≤ 0.05). The ratios of TGA-CdTe/ZnS to TGA-CdTe were closed to 1 at all concentrations and exposure times. Conclusion: The regularity of QDs modified with functional group is that inhibition of TGA-modified higher than Cys-modified. Inhibition exhibited dose-dependent for Cys-modified while exhibited time-dependent for TGA-modified. The regularity of CdTe-QDs with ZnS or not is that the inhibition of Cys-CdTe/ZnS was higher than Cys-CdTe while TGA-CdTe/ZnS and TGA-CdTe were consistent.

Cytotoxicity of Mongolian Medicine <i>Aconitum kusnezoffii</i>

Aconitum kusnezoffii used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It is often used not only in Mongolian medicine but also in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few studies on its impact of inflammatory cytokines. This study explored the effects of Aconitum kusnezoffii in vitro used human colon cancer (Caco-2) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring effects on expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro study demonstrated that incubation of Caco-2 cells with some kinds of Aconitum kusnezoffii at some concentrations inhibit secretion of TNF-α and FAXIU ACONITUM KUSNEZOFFII could inhibit the secretion of IL-1β. While IL-6 and IL-8 levels were unaffected after 24 h of treatment with Aconitum kusnezoffii, qujian Aconitum kusnezoffii, faxiu Aconitum kusnezoffii.

Effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of Olig1 on oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： The transcription factor Oligl is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair, and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy of intraventricular injection of a recombinant adenovirus-expressing Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl-eGFP） on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin repair following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： Adenovirus and a recombinant adenovirus containing Oiigl gene （Ad5-Oligl） were provided by Vector Gene Technology, China. METHODS： All 50 rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. A total of 46 rats were successfully induced and were subsequently randomly assigned to a adenovirus （Ad5） group and recombinant adenovirus-expression Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl） group, with 23 rats per group. One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, either Ad5-Oligl-eGFP or Ad5-eGFP （10 μL, 2.3 ×10^11/mL） was injected into the lateral ventricle on the ischemic hemisphere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Adenovirus-mediated Oligl gene expression in vitro and in vivo was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively. Myelin basic protein （MBP） levels were evaluated by Western Blot, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. RESULTS： Exogenous Oligl expression was measured at the periventricular zone of the lateral ventricle 1 day after Ad5-Oligl injection. In the Ad5-Oligl-treated group, MBP protein levels and average intensity of MBP-immunoreactivity （-ir） increased 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, myelinated axonal numbers markedly increased following Ad5-Oligl treatment. CONCLUSION： The present data suggested that Ad5-Oligl gene therapy increased MBP expression and the number of remyelinating axons following cerebral ischemia.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicle-based cancer nanovaccines

Tumor vaccines,a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy,have developed rapidly in recent decades.These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune recognition and killing of tumor cells.Because the immunogenicity of tumor antigens alone is insufficient,immune adjuvants and nanocarriers are often required to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.At present,vaccine carrier development often integrates nanocarriers and immune adjuvants.Among them,outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are receiving increasing attention as a delivery platform for tumor vaccines.OMVs are natural nanovesicles derived from Gramnegative bacteria,which have adjuvant function because they contain pathogen associated molecular patterns.Importantly,OMVs can be functionally modified by genetic engineering of bacteria,thus laying a foundation for applications as a delivery platform for tumor nanovaccines.This review summarizes 5 aspects of recent progress in,and future development of,OMV-based tumor nanovaccines:strain selection,heterogeneity,tumor antigen loading,immunogenicity and safety,and mass production of OMVs.

Density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation study the strong metal-support interaction of dry reforming of methane reaction over Ni based catalysts

Oxide supports modify electronic structures of supported metal nanoparticles,and then affect the catalytic activity associated with the so-called strong metal-support interaction(SMSI).We herein report the strong influence of SMSI employing Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) and defective Ni_(4)/MgO(100) catalysts used for dry reforming of methane(DRM,CO_(2)+CH_4→2 CO+2 H_(2)) by using density functional theory(DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation(KMC).The results show that α-MoC(111) and MgO(100) surface have converse electron and structural effect for Ni_(4) cluster.The electrons transfer from a-MoC(111) surface to Ni atoms,but electrons transfer from Ni atoms to MgO(100) surface;an extensive tensile strain is greatly released in the Ni lattice by MgO,but the extensive tensile strain is introduced in the Ni lattice by α-MoC.As a result,although both catalysts show good stability,H_(2)/CO ratio on Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) is obviously larger than that on Ni_(4)/MgO(100).The result shows that Ni/α-MoC is a good catalyst for DRM reaction comparing with Ni/MgO catalyst.

Evaluation of Young's Modulus and Residual Stress of NiFe Film by Microbridge Testing

Microbridge testing was used to measure the Young＇s modulus and residual stress of metallic films. Samples of freestanding NiFe film microbridge were fabricated by microelectromechanical systems. Special ceramic shaft structure was designed to solve the problem of getting the load-deflection curve of NiFe film microbridge by the Nanoindenter XP system with normal Berkovich probe. Theoretical analysis of load-deflection curves of the microbridges was proposed to evaluate the Young＇s modulus and residual stress of the films simultaneously. The calculated results based on experimental measurements show that the average Young＇s modulus and residual stress for the electroplated NiFe films are 203.2 GPa and 333.0 MPa, respectively, while the Young＇s modulus measured by the Nano-hardness method is 209.6：1：11.8 GPa for the thick NiFe film with silicon substrate.

Correlation of Inflammatory Cells in Induced Sputum and Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammatory cells reflect the inflammatory situation both in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Their correlation has not been reported. The correlation between neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (Eos), and lymphocyte (Lym) in induced sputum and that in peripheral blood of COPD patients was evaluated to explore the consistency of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Peripheral blood and induced sputum were collected from 437 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) who were hospitalized in the Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. The ratios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in induced sputum were (79.15 ± 22.60)%, (5.23 ± 12.74)%, and (1.69 ± 2.66)%. The ratios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in peripheral blood were (63.29 ± 11.44)%, (2.99 ± 3.60)%, and (25.16 ± 10.19)%. The results showed that the ratios of Neu and Eos in induced sputum were significantly correlated with the proportion of corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between the ratio of Lym and Leu in induced sputum and corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P > 0.05). In patients with AECOPD, the tendency of Neu and Eos in induced sputum was consistent with the corresponding cells in peripheral blood. Neu and Eos in induced sputum and peripheral blood reflected the degree of inflammation to guide the individualized medication of patients.

What Caused the Differences between the July 2023 and August 1996 Extreme Rainfall Events in North China under Similar Synoptic Background?

This study examined the rainfall characteristics and related synoptic processes of two extreme rainfall events that affected North China during 29 July–1 August 2023(“23·7”rainstorm)and 3–5 August 1996(“96·8”rainstorm),respectively.A stable dual-typhoon circulation pattern was observed in both rainstorm events.The surviving vortex of a landed typhoon,slowly approaching the rainstorm region,was blocked by a high-pressure system as it moved northwestward.Meanwhile,the second typhoon over the western Pacific Ocean facilitated remote northward transport of moisture.The low-level jet between the surviving vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high relayed moist warm air from the area of the South China Sea and western Pacific into the rainstorm region.Although the circulation patterns are similar,the stratification conditions,driving factors,and moisture budget of the two rainstorms differed during the main period of rainfall.The“23·7”rainstorm was categorized as warm-sector rainfall,as a result of the lifting of warm moist air over the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountains.In comparison with the situation of the“96·8”rainstorm,the surviving vortex of the“23·7”rainstorm traveled further northeastward and directly impacted the occurrence and progression of the rainfall,leading to relative northward displacement of the rainfall center,while the stronger net inward moisture flux caused greater regional average rainfall.The“96·8”rainstorm was broadly analogous to precipitation of a cold front,and the rainfall center was observed in the convergence area of warm and cold air masses before the mountains;the surviving vortex did not exert direct impact on the rainfall;and the more unstable stratification led to stronger hourly rainfall.The results derived through comparison of the two rainstorms could serve as valuable scientific reference for operational forecasting of heavy rainfall under similar environmental conditions over North China.

Exploring the structural properties of cathode and anode materials in Li-ion battery via neutron diffraction technique

As a unique microprobe for structure and dynamics of materials,neutron possesses superior ability in penetration as well as sensitivity for light and magnetic elements in comparison with X-ray and electron.As for the research and development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),neutron diffraction techniques play an indispensable role in exploring the structural properties of various electrode materials,especially the detailed structural evolution of cathode and anode materials during electrochemical cycling.Moreover,based on thorough analysis of neutron diffraction results,an in-depth and systematic understanding of some fundamental mechanisms,such as the formation mechanism of defects and migration mechanism of lithium ions,could also be established,which is essential for the development of high-performance electrode materials for the next-generation LIBs.Nevertheless,that technique would not seem to be widely applied yet in comparison with the application of X-ray diffraction and more attention should be paid.To demonstrate the advantages of neutron diffraction technique in research of LIBs materials,this work systematically summarizes representative neutron diffraction studies on exploring structural details hidden in electrode materials and on probing structural evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge processes.Prospects for further applications of neutron diffraction techniques in research of LIBs are also put forward.

关节镜松解术治疗肘关节僵硬的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜松解术对肘关节僵硬的治疗效果。方法于2019年1月至2022年1月期间选取本院收治的20例肘关节僵硬患者,随机分组,研究组与对照组各10例。分别采取关节镜松解术、开放式松解术,观察并比较两组患者的手术情况、视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)、Mayo肘关节功能评分、肘关节活动度、生活质量量表(SF-36)情况。结果与对照组比较,研究组的切口长度显著缩短,术中出血量显著减少,术后VAS评分显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组术后的Mayo肘关节功能评分显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组术后的伸直角度显著降低,屈曲角度、旋前角度、旋后角度显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组术后SF-36评分显著提高(P<0.05)。结论将关节镜松解术应用于肘关节僵硬患者中,手术切口长度短,术中出血少,术后疼痛轻,能够促进关节活动度恢复,提升肘关节功能,提高生活质量。

Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Transition Metals and Their Oxides： A Review

Transition metals and their oxide materials have been widely employed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces, not only because of their surface topography with controllable microstructures leading to water-repellence, diverse adhesion even tun- able wettability, but also due to a variety of special properties like optical performance, magnetism, anti-bacterial, transparency and so on. At the meantime, biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest from fabricating hierarchical micro-/nano-structures inspired by nature to imitate creature＇s properties and many potential applications, including self-cleaning, antifogging, antireflection, low drag and great stability and durability. In this review, natural surfaces and biomimetic materials with special wettability are introduced by classification according to the similar microstructure of mor- phology, like array structure, sheet overlapped structure, high density hairs and seta shaped structure. Not only do we exhibit their special performances, but also try to find out the true reasons behind the phenomenon. Then, the recent progress of a series of superhydrophobic transition mental and their oxide materials, including TiO2, ZnO, Fe304, CuO, Ag, Au and so on, is pre- sented with a focus on fabricating methods, microstructures, wettability, and other properties. As followed, these superhydro- phobic surfaces can be applied in many fields, such as oil/water separation, self-cleaning, photo-controlled reversible wet- tability, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, antibacterial, anticorrosion, and synthesis of various applications. However, few of them have been applied in practical life. Hence, we discuss the remaining challenges at present and the development tendency in future at the end of this article. This review aims to present recent development of transition metals and their oxides applied in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces about fabrication, microstructure, water repellence, various properties, and potential applications.