Dear Editor,In this letter,we analyze the public discourse sentiments over time and seek to understand the salient patterns around COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination from social media data.Globally,more than 373 millio...Dear Editor,In this letter,we analyze the public discourse sentiments over time and seek to understand the salient patterns around COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination from social media data.Globally,more than 373 million people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and 5.66 million have died from this disease by 2022.It continues to have a negative impact on human daily life and the global economic development till now,due to the lack of effective treatment of COVID-19 induced issues and prevention of transmission methods.展开更多
Euptelea pleiosperma is a characteristic species of East Asian flora with both ornamental and scientific values.Based on the reduced-representation sequencing(RRS)technology of RAD-Seq,this study conducted high-throug...Euptelea pleiosperma is a characteristic species of East Asian flora with both ornamental and scientific values.Based on the reduced-representation sequencing(RRS)technology of RAD-Seq,this study conducted high-throughput Illumina paired-end sequencing to find SSR marker information in the genome of E.pleiosperma,and to screen and verify polymorphism of SSR markers.We obtained 5.5G of high-quality data using RAD-Seq.The total number of contigs of the RAD tags was 299,376,with the maximum contig length of 2,062 bp and the average length of 445 bp.From these sequences,we identified 20,718 SSR loci,with a distribution density of one SSR per 6.45 kb(1/6.45 kb).Among all SSRs,dinucleotides(52.00%)were the most detected SSRs,followed by mononucleotides(21.63%).AG/CT was the dominant motif in the SSR loci,accounting for 34.8%.Primers were successfully designed for 14,593 loci,and 100 pairs of these primers were randomly selected for chemical synthesis and validated by SSR-PCR amplification in 20 individuals of E.pleiosperma.Seventy-nine primers were able to amplify the target bands.Cervus 3.0 software was used to analyze the selected 20 SSR loci with good polymorphism.For the 20 SSR markers,the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 9,and the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were from 0.35 to 0.75 and 0.541 to 0.875,respectively.The information content of polymorphic loci ranged from 0.463 to 0.848,with an average value of 0.638.Among them,there were 18 highly polymorphic loci,and 20 SSR loci did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Furthermore,the 20 pairs of SSR primers were used to conduct PCoA analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance of 51 individuals from three populations.The results showed that these SSR markers could distinguish genetic differences based on different geographical locations.展开更多
Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures,as well as developing smarter control algorithms.Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with tradit...Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures,as well as developing smarter control algorithms.Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out,research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient.This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand,and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace.Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand,and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored.Based on the fixed total length of the palm member,four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced;through the discretization method,the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand,the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed,resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand,and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers.This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands,with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.展开更多
The laser scribing of polyimide(PI, Kapton) film is a new, simple and effective method for graphene preparation. Moreover,the superhydrophobic surface modification can undoubtedly widen the application fields of graph...The laser scribing of polyimide(PI, Kapton) film is a new, simple and effective method for graphene preparation. Moreover,the superhydrophobic surface modification can undoubtedly widen the application fields of graphene. Herein, inspired by the hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of natural Oxalis corniculata Linn. leaves, we propose a novel bionic manufacturing method for superhydrophobic laser-induced graphene(LIG). By tailoring the geometric parameters(size, roughness and height/area ratio) and chemical composition, the three-dimensional(3D) multistage LIG, i.e., with micro-jigsaw-like and porous structure, can deliver a static water contact angle(WCA) of 153.5° ± 0.6°, a water sliding angle(WSA) of 2.5° ±0.5°, and great superhydrophobic stability lasting for 100 days(WCAs ≈ 150°). This outstanding water repellency is achieved by the secondary structure of jigsaw-like LIG, a porous morphology that traps air layers at the solid–liquid interface. The robust self-cleaning and anti-stick functions of 3D bionic and multistage LIG are demonstrated to confirm its great potential in wearable electronics.展开更多
Hybrid Petri nets(HPNs) are widely used to describe and analyze various industrial hybrid systems that have both discrete-event and continuous discrete-time behaviors. Recently,many researchers attempt to utilize them...Hybrid Petri nets(HPNs) are widely used to describe and analyze various industrial hybrid systems that have both discrete-event and continuous discrete-time behaviors. Recently,many researchers attempt to utilize them to characterize power and energy systems. This work proposes to adopt an HPN to model and analyze a microgrid that consists of green energy sources. A reachability graph for such a model is generated and used to analyze the system properties.展开更多
We report polarization reversal periodically controlled by the electric field in multiferroic MnWO_(4) with a pulsed field up to 52 T.The electric polarization cannot be reversed by successive opposite electric fields...We report polarization reversal periodically controlled by the electric field in multiferroic MnWO_(4) with a pulsed field up to 52 T.The electric polarization cannot be reversed by successive opposite electric fields in low magnetic fields(<14 T)at 4.2 K,whereas polarization reversal is directly achieved by two opposite electric fields under high magnetic fields(<45 T).Interestingly,the polarization curve of rising and falling fields for H∥u(magnetic easy axis)is irreversible when the magnetic field is close to 52 T.In this case,the rising and falling polarization curves can be individually reversed by the electric field,and thus require five cycles to recover to the initial condition by the order of the applied electric fields(+E,-E,-E,+E,+E).In addition,we find that ferroelectric phaseⅣcan be tuned from parallel to antiparallel in relation to ferroelectric phase AF2 by applying a magnetic field approximated to the c axis.展开更多
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the chara...Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the characteristics of definitive curative effects and minor side-effects,but there are also many shortcomings,which require more in-depth research and exploration.展开更多
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the chara...Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the characteristics of definitive curative effects and minor side-effects,but there are also many shortcomings,which require more in-depth research and exploration.展开更多
Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH...Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH amount, interfering ions, adsorption isotherm,desorption and reuse of the membranes were investigated. It was found that LDHs could be quickly exfoliated in formamide/N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) solvent mixtures with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer. The membranes displayed much higher adsorption capacity for phosphate(5.61 mg/g) and faster adsorption rate than the unexfoliated materials. With increased DMF content in the coagulation bath, the static and dynamic adsorption capacity rose. Interference from Cl-and SO4^(2-)(50 mg/L) on adsorption of phosphates was not apparent. The membranes displayed excellent reusability in dynamic adsorption/desorption. The membranes also showed high adsorption capacity for fluorides(1.61 mg/g).展开更多
Inborn errors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)result in four types of immunodeficiency disease with varying degrees of impaired STAT1 function:autosomal recessive(AR)complete STAT1 defi...Inborn errors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)result in four types of immunodeficiency disease with varying degrees of impaired STAT1 function:autosomal recessive(AR)complete STAT1 deficiency,AR partial STAT1 deficiency,autosomal dominant(AD)STAT1 deficiency,and AD STAT1 gain-of-function(STAT1-GOF).Of which,the STAT1-GOF mutations promote a clinical syndrome of immune dysregulation characterized by recurrent infections,especially chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis(CMC)and Talaromyces marneffei infection and predisposition to humoral autoimmunity.STAT1-GOF mutations lead to enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1(pSTAT1),delayed dephosphorylation,and impaired nuclear dephosphorylation.As a result,the development of T helper(Th)17 cells is impaired,limiting the production of interleukin(IL)-17,which plays an important role in antifungal immunity.Additionally,mutations can also cause a decrease in the proportion of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),and natural killer(NK)cells.Recent research demonstrated that in the absence of overt infection,STAT-GOF mice can disrupt naïve CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis and promote expansion and differentiation of abnormal T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like(Tfh/Th1-like)T cells and germinal center-like(GC-like)B cells,and thus reminds us of the complex molecular mechanism of autoimmune disease with/without fungal infection,which may further involve specific clinical treatment including antifungal and anti-autoimmunity therapies.In addition,sex and location of mutation were also associated with the clinical phenotype.Individuals with DNA binding domain(DBD)mutations had a higher prevalence of autoimmunity and aberrant B cell activation.Disrupted CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis occurred sooner and more robustly in females,highlighting the importance of specific treatment to normalize STAT1 expression and restore immune tolerance in patients with STAT1-GOF syndrome.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of STAT1-GOF aiming to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of cellular and humoral immune deficiency in patients with fungal infection with or without autoimmunity.展开更多
The solidification characteristics of highly undercooled Cu-7.77% Co peritectic alloy has been examined by glass fluxing technique. The obtained undercoolings vary from 93 to 203 K(0.14 T_L). It is found that the a(Co...The solidification characteristics of highly undercooled Cu-7.77% Co peritectic alloy has been examined by glass fluxing technique. The obtained undercoolings vary from 93 to 203 K(0.14 T_L). It is found that the a(Co) phase always nucleates and grows preferentially, which is followed by peritectic transformation. This means that the peritectic phase cannot form directly, even though the alloy melt is undercooled to a temperature far below its peritectic point. The maximum recalescence temperature measured experimentally decreases as undercooling increases, which is lower than the thermodynamic calculation result owing to the actual non-adiabatic nature of recalescence process. The dendritic fragmentation of primary α(Co) phase induced by high undercooling is found to enhance the completion of peritectic transformation. In addition, the LKT/BCT dendrite growth model is modified in order to make it applicable to those binary alloy systems with seriously curved liquidus and solidus lines. The dendrite展开更多
Dear Editor,Glioblastoma(GBM)is a lethal primary brain cancer,with a median survival of less than 2 years.1 Immune checkpoint blockades(ICBs)have revolutionized cancer therapy in the last decade,but they have little c...Dear Editor,Glioblastoma(GBM)is a lethal primary brain cancer,with a median survival of less than 2 years.1 Immune checkpoint blockades(ICBs)have revolutionized cancer therapy in the last decade,but they have little clinical benefit in GBM.1 Genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of PTEN mutations in GBM patients resistant to ICBs.2 PTEN deficiency activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT pathway to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment.展开更多
Scorpions,through ruthless survival of the fittest,evolve the unique ability to quickly locate and hunt prey with slit receptors near the leg joints and a sharp sting on the multi-freedom tail.Inspired by this fantast...Scorpions,through ruthless survival of the fittest,evolve the unique ability to quickly locate and hunt prey with slit receptors near the leg joints and a sharp sting on the multi-freedom tail.Inspired by this fantastic creature,we herein report a dual-bionic strategy to fabricate microcrack-assisted wrinkle strain sensor with both high sensitivity and stretchability.Specifically,laserinduced graphene(LIG)is transferred from polyimide film to Ecoflex and then coated with silver paste using the casting-andpeeling and prestretch-and-release methods.The shape-adaptive and long-range ordered geometry(e.g.,amplitude and wavelength)of dual-bionic structure is prestrain-tuned to optimize the superfast response time(~76 ms),high sensitivity(gauge factor=223.6),broad working range(70%–100%),and good reliability(>800 cycles)of scorpion-inspired strain sensor,outperforming many LIG-based materials and other bionic sensors.The alternate reconnect/disconnect behaviors of slit-organlike microcracks in the mechanical weak areas initiate tremendous resistance changes,whereas the scorpion-tail-like wrinkles act as a“bridge”connecting the adjacent LIG resistor units,enabling reversible resilience and unimpeded electrical linkages over a wide strain range.Combined with the self-developed miniaturized,flexible,and all-in-one wireless transmission system,a variety of scenarios such as large body movements,tiny pulse,and heartbeat are real-time monitored via bluetooth and displayed in the client-sides,revealing a huge promise in future wearable electronics.展开更多
Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biol...Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biology,disease pathogenesis,as well as vaccine responses.A repository of ncRNA-immune associations will facilitate our understanding of ncRNA-dependent mechanisms in the immune system and advance the development of therapeutics and prevention for immune disorders.Here,we describe a comprehensive database,RNA2Immune,which aims to provide a high-quality resource of experimentally supported database linking ncRNA regulatory mechanisms to immune cell function,immune disease,cancer immunology,and vaccines.The current version of RNA2Immune documents 50,433 immune-ncRNA associations in 42 host species,including(1)6690 ncRNA associations with immune functions involving 31 immune cell types;(2)38,672 ncRNA associations with 348 immune diseases;(3)4833 ncRNA associations with cancer immunology;and(4)238 ncRNA associations with vaccine responses involving 26 vaccine types targeting 22 diseases.RNA2Immune provides a user-friendly interface for browsing,searching,and downloading ncRNA-immune system associations.Collectively,RNA2Immune provides important information about how ncRNAs influence immune cell function,how dysregulation of these ncRNAs leads to pathological consequences(immune diseases and cancers),and how ncRNAs affect immune responses to vaccines.展开更多
Acid–base homeostasis is a fundamental property of living cells,and its persistent disruption in human cells can lead to a wide range of diseases.In this study,we conducted a computational modeling analysis of transc...Acid–base homeostasis is a fundamental property of living cells,and its persistent disruption in human cells can lead to a wide range of diseases.In this study,we conducted a computational modeling analysis of transcriptomic data of 4750 human tissue samples of 9 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Built on our previous study,we quantitatively estimated the average production rate of OHby cytosolic Fenton reactions,which continuously disrupt the intracellular pH(pHi)homeostasis.Our predictions indicate that all or at least a subset of 43 reprogrammed metabolisms(RMs)are induced to produce net protons(H+)at comparable rates of Fenton reactions to keep the pHi stable.We then discovered that a number of wellknown phenotypes of cancers,including increased growth rate,metastasis rate,and local immune cell composition,can be naturally explained in terms of the Fenton reaction level and the induced RMs.This study strongly suggests the possibility to have a unified framework for studies of cancerinducing stressors,adaptive metabolic reprogramming,and cancerous behaviors.In addition,strong evidence is provided to demonstrate that a popular view that Na+/H+exchangers along with lactic acid exporters and carbonic anhydrases are responsible for the intracellular alkalization and extracellular acidification in cancer may not be justified.展开更多
Hillslope rill/interrill erosion has been investigated from the perspective of runoff transport of sediment.Recent advances in terrestrial laser scanning can provide high-resolution elevation data up to centimeter lev...Hillslope rill/interrill erosion has been investigated from the perspective of runoff transport of sediment.Recent advances in terrestrial laser scanning can provide high-resolution elevation data up to centimeter levels,and temporal digital elevation models(DEMs)enabled the detection and quantification of sediment redistribution.Erosion and deposition are spatially heterogeneous across hillslopes,and the choice of resolution is critical when using a DEM to study the spatial pattern of the processes.This study investigates the influence of grid size on the sediment change calculation and rill network delineation based on two surveys using a terrestrial laser scanner on a hillslope with well-developed rills in 2014 and 2015.Temporal DEMs were used to quantify elevation changes and used to delineate rill networks.We produced DEM pairs of incremental grid sizes(1-cm,2-cm,5-cm,8-cm,10-cm,15-cm,20-cm,and 30-cm)for DEM difference and rill network delineation.We used the 1-cm DEM as the reference to compare the results produced from other DEMs.Our results suggest that erosion mainly occurs on the rill sidewalls,and deposition on the rill floors,with patches of erosion/deposition within the interrill areas.Both the area and volume of detectable change decrease as the grid size increases,while the area and volume of erosion are less sensitive compared to those of deposition.The total length and number of rills decrease with the increased grid size,whereas the average length of rills increases.The mean offset between delineated rill network and the reference increases with larger grid sizes.In contrast to the erosion and deposition detected within rills,minor changes are detected on the interrill areas,indicating that either no topographic changes occurred or the changes were too small to be detected on the interill areas by our finest 1-cm DEMs.We recommend to use the finest possible grid size that can be achieved for future studies.展开更多
Dear Editor,The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a novel emerging coronavirus that has spread worldwide since breaking out in late 2019 and has led to hundreds of millions of infections an...Dear Editor,The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a novel emerging coronavirus that has spread worldwide since breaking out in late 2019 and has led to hundreds of millions of infections and millions of human deaths(Zhou et al.,2020).The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes 29 viral proteins.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust poses a marked threat to global wheat production.Accurate and effective disease severity assessments are crucial for disease resistance breeding and timely management of field diseases.In this study,...Wheat stripe rust poses a marked threat to global wheat production.Accurate and effective disease severity assessments are crucial for disease resistance breeding and timely management of field diseases.In this study,we propose a practical solution using mobile-based deep learning and model-assisted labeling.StripeRust-Pocket,a user-friendly mobile application developed based on deep learning models,accurately quantifies disease severity in wheat stripe rust leaf images,even under complex backgrounds.Additionally,StripeRust-Pocket facilitates image acquisition,result storage,organization,and sharing.The underlying model employed by StripeRust-Pocket,called StripeRustNet,is a balanced lightweight 2-stage model.The first stage utilizes MobileNetV2-DeepLabV3+for leaf segmentation,followed by ResNet50-DeepLabV3+in the second stage for lesion segmentation.Disease severity is estimated by calculating the ratio of the lesion pixel area to the leaf pixel area.StripeRustNet achieves 98.65%mean intersection over union(MIoU)for leaf segmentation and 86.08%MIoU for lesion segmentation.Validation using an additional 100 field images demonstrated a mean correlation of over 0.964 with 3 expert visual scores.To address the challenges in manual labeling,we introduce a 2-stage labeling pipeline that combines model-assisted labeling,manual correction,and spatial complementarity.We apply this pipeline to our self-collected dataset,reducing the annotation time from 20 min to 3 min per image.Our method provides an efficient and practical solution for wheat stripe rust severity assessments,empowering wheat breeders and pathologists to implement timely disease management.It also demonstrates how to address the"last mile"challenge of applying computer vision technology to plant phenomics.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia(GCV19-37-1441).
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter,we analyze the public discourse sentiments over time and seek to understand the salient patterns around COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination from social media data.Globally,more than 373 million people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and 5.66 million have died from this disease by 2022.It continues to have a negative impact on human daily life and the global economic development till now,due to the lack of effective treatment of COVID-19 induced issues and prevention of transmission methods.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870697).
文摘Euptelea pleiosperma is a characteristic species of East Asian flora with both ornamental and scientific values.Based on the reduced-representation sequencing(RRS)technology of RAD-Seq,this study conducted high-throughput Illumina paired-end sequencing to find SSR marker information in the genome of E.pleiosperma,and to screen and verify polymorphism of SSR markers.We obtained 5.5G of high-quality data using RAD-Seq.The total number of contigs of the RAD tags was 299,376,with the maximum contig length of 2,062 bp and the average length of 445 bp.From these sequences,we identified 20,718 SSR loci,with a distribution density of one SSR per 6.45 kb(1/6.45 kb).Among all SSRs,dinucleotides(52.00%)were the most detected SSRs,followed by mononucleotides(21.63%).AG/CT was the dominant motif in the SSR loci,accounting for 34.8%.Primers were successfully designed for 14,593 loci,and 100 pairs of these primers were randomly selected for chemical synthesis and validated by SSR-PCR amplification in 20 individuals of E.pleiosperma.Seventy-nine primers were able to amplify the target bands.Cervus 3.0 software was used to analyze the selected 20 SSR loci with good polymorphism.For the 20 SSR markers,the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 9,and the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were from 0.35 to 0.75 and 0.541 to 0.875,respectively.The information content of polymorphic loci ranged from 0.463 to 0.848,with an average value of 0.638.Among them,there were 18 highly polymorphic loci,and 20 SSR loci did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Furthermore,the 20 pairs of SSR primers were used to conduct PCoA analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance of 51 individuals from three populations.The results showed that these SSR markers could distinguish genetic differences based on different geographical locations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51535008).
文摘Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures,as well as developing smarter control algorithms.Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out,research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient.This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand,and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace.Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand,and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored.Based on the fixed total length of the palm member,four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced;through the discretization method,the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand,the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed,resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand,and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers.This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands,with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No.2021B1515020087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51905178)。
文摘The laser scribing of polyimide(PI, Kapton) film is a new, simple and effective method for graphene preparation. Moreover,the superhydrophobic surface modification can undoubtedly widen the application fields of graphene. Herein, inspired by the hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of natural Oxalis corniculata Linn. leaves, we propose a novel bionic manufacturing method for superhydrophobic laser-induced graphene(LIG). By tailoring the geometric parameters(size, roughness and height/area ratio) and chemical composition, the three-dimensional(3D) multistage LIG, i.e., with micro-jigsaw-like and porous structure, can deliver a static water contact angle(WCA) of 153.5° ± 0.6°, a water sliding angle(WSA) of 2.5° ±0.5°, and great superhydrophobic stability lasting for 100 days(WCAs ≈ 150°). This outstanding water repellency is achieved by the secondary structure of jigsaw-like LIG, a porous morphology that traps air layers at the solid–liquid interface. The robust self-cleaning and anti-stick functions of 3D bionic and multistage LIG are demonstrated to confirm its great potential in wearable electronics.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah(23-135-35-HiCi)
文摘Hybrid Petri nets(HPNs) are widely used to describe and analyze various industrial hybrid systems that have both discrete-event and continuous discrete-time behaviors. Recently,many researchers attempt to utilize them to characterize power and energy systems. This work proposes to adopt an HPN to model and analyze a microgrid that consists of green energy sources. A reachability graph for such a model is generated and used to analyze the system properties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12074135,12104388,and 52272219)Nanyang Normal University,the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant Nos.222300420255 and 232300421220)the Key Scientific and Technological Projiect of Technology Depeartment of Henan Province of China (Grant Nos.222102230105 and 212102210448)。
文摘We report polarization reversal periodically controlled by the electric field in multiferroic MnWO_(4) with a pulsed field up to 52 T.The electric polarization cannot be reversed by successive opposite electric fields in low magnetic fields(<14 T)at 4.2 K,whereas polarization reversal is directly achieved by two opposite electric fields under high magnetic fields(<45 T).Interestingly,the polarization curve of rising and falling fields for H∥u(magnetic easy axis)is irreversible when the magnetic field is close to 52 T.In this case,the rising and falling polarization curves can be individually reversed by the electric field,and thus require five cycles to recover to the initial condition by the order of the applied electric fields(+E,-E,-E,+E,+E).In addition,we find that ferroelectric phaseⅣcan be tuned from parallel to antiparallel in relation to ferroelectric phase AF2 by applying a magnetic field approximated to the c axis.
文摘Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the characteristics of definitive curative effects and minor side-effects,but there are also many shortcomings,which require more in-depth research and exploration.
文摘Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in gynecology.Traditional Chinese medicine treats uterine fibroids according to syndrome differentiation and treatment.The treatment of uterine fibroids has the characteristics of definitive curative effects and minor side-effects,but there are also many shortcomings,which require more in-depth research and exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Qinghai Qaidam Saline Lake Chemical Science Research Joint Fund (No. U1607109)
文摘Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH amount, interfering ions, adsorption isotherm,desorption and reuse of the membranes were investigated. It was found that LDHs could be quickly exfoliated in formamide/N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) solvent mixtures with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer. The membranes displayed much higher adsorption capacity for phosphate(5.61 mg/g) and faster adsorption rate than the unexfoliated materials. With increased DMF content in the coagulation bath, the static and dynamic adsorption capacity rose. Interference from Cl-and SO4^(2-)(50 mg/L) on adsorption of phosphates was not apparent. The membranes displayed excellent reusability in dynamic adsorption/desorption. The membranes also showed high adsorption capacity for fluorides(1.61 mg/g).
基金supported in part by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021 YFC2301803)Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialties(No.SZGSP011)+2 种基金Science and Technology Program of Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ 20230807143411023)the clinical research project of Shenzhen Third Peoples Hospital(No.G2022044)the Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Education Department of Guangdong Province:Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases(Y01411846).
文摘Inborn errors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)result in four types of immunodeficiency disease with varying degrees of impaired STAT1 function:autosomal recessive(AR)complete STAT1 deficiency,AR partial STAT1 deficiency,autosomal dominant(AD)STAT1 deficiency,and AD STAT1 gain-of-function(STAT1-GOF).Of which,the STAT1-GOF mutations promote a clinical syndrome of immune dysregulation characterized by recurrent infections,especially chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis(CMC)and Talaromyces marneffei infection and predisposition to humoral autoimmunity.STAT1-GOF mutations lead to enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1(pSTAT1),delayed dephosphorylation,and impaired nuclear dephosphorylation.As a result,the development of T helper(Th)17 cells is impaired,limiting the production of interleukin(IL)-17,which plays an important role in antifungal immunity.Additionally,mutations can also cause a decrease in the proportion of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),and natural killer(NK)cells.Recent research demonstrated that in the absence of overt infection,STAT-GOF mice can disrupt naïve CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis and promote expansion and differentiation of abnormal T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like(Tfh/Th1-like)T cells and germinal center-like(GC-like)B cells,and thus reminds us of the complex molecular mechanism of autoimmune disease with/without fungal infection,which may further involve specific clinical treatment including antifungal and anti-autoimmunity therapies.In addition,sex and location of mutation were also associated with the clinical phenotype.Individuals with DNA binding domain(DBD)mutations had a higher prevalence of autoimmunity and aberrant B cell activation.Disrupted CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis occurred sooner and more robustly in females,highlighting the importance of specific treatment to normalize STAT1 expression and restore immune tolerance in patients with STAT1-GOF syndrome.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of STAT1-GOF aiming to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of cellular and humoral immune deficiency in patients with fungal infection with or without autoimmunity.
文摘The solidification characteristics of highly undercooled Cu-7.77% Co peritectic alloy has been examined by glass fluxing technique. The obtained undercoolings vary from 93 to 203 K(0.14 T_L). It is found that the a(Co) phase always nucleates and grows preferentially, which is followed by peritectic transformation. This means that the peritectic phase cannot form directly, even though the alloy melt is undercooled to a temperature far below its peritectic point. The maximum recalescence temperature measured experimentally decreases as undercooling increases, which is lower than the thermodynamic calculation result owing to the actual non-adiabatic nature of recalescence process. The dendritic fragmentation of primary α(Co) phase induced by high undercooling is found to enhance the completion of peritectic transformation. In addition, the LKT/BCT dendrite growth model is modified in order to make it applicable to those binary alloy systems with seriously curved liquidus and solidus lines. The dendrite
基金The work is supported by tWwhe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant#81620108020�,to D.G.,Grant#81803568,to F.X.,Grant#31800151,to J.W.)Guangdong Zhujiang Talents Program(to D.G.)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant#2018A030310099 to F.X.)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant#KQTD20180411143323605 and#JSGG20200225150431472 to D.G.,Grant#JCYJ20170818162249554,to FX)National Ten-thousand Talents Program(to D.G.).
文摘Dear Editor,Glioblastoma(GBM)is a lethal primary brain cancer,with a median survival of less than 2 years.1 Immune checkpoint blockades(ICBs)have revolutionized cancer therapy in the last decade,but they have little clinical benefit in GBM.1 Genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of PTEN mutations in GBM patients resistant to ICBs.2 PTEN deficiency activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT pathway to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
基金The current study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B1515020087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905178).
文摘Scorpions,through ruthless survival of the fittest,evolve the unique ability to quickly locate and hunt prey with slit receptors near the leg joints and a sharp sting on the multi-freedom tail.Inspired by this fantastic creature,we herein report a dual-bionic strategy to fabricate microcrack-assisted wrinkle strain sensor with both high sensitivity and stretchability.Specifically,laserinduced graphene(LIG)is transferred from polyimide film to Ecoflex and then coated with silver paste using the casting-andpeeling and prestretch-and-release methods.The shape-adaptive and long-range ordered geometry(e.g.,amplitude and wavelength)of dual-bionic structure is prestrain-tuned to optimize the superfast response time(~76 ms),high sensitivity(gauge factor=223.6),broad working range(70%–100%),and good reliability(>800 cycles)of scorpion-inspired strain sensor,outperforming many LIG-based materials and other bionic sensors.The alternate reconnect/disconnect behaviors of slit-organlike microcracks in the mechanical weak areas initiate tremendous resistance changes,whereas the scorpion-tail-like wrinkles act as a“bridge”connecting the adjacent LIG resistor units,enabling reversible resilience and unimpeded electrical linkages over a wide strain range.Combined with the self-developed miniaturized,flexible,and all-in-one wireless transmission system,a variety of scenarios such as large body movements,tiny pulse,and heartbeat are real-time monitored via bluetooth and displayed in the client-sides,revealing a huge promise in future wearable electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81820108014,82071407,81771361,32070672,and 81901277)the National Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2018YFE0114400)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.LBH-TZ1019).
文摘Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biology,disease pathogenesis,as well as vaccine responses.A repository of ncRNA-immune associations will facilitate our understanding of ncRNA-dependent mechanisms in the immune system and advance the development of therapeutics and prevention for immune disorders.Here,we describe a comprehensive database,RNA2Immune,which aims to provide a high-quality resource of experimentally supported database linking ncRNA regulatory mechanisms to immune cell function,immune disease,cancer immunology,and vaccines.The current version of RNA2Immune documents 50,433 immune-ncRNA associations in 42 host species,including(1)6690 ncRNA associations with immune functions involving 31 immune cell types;(2)38,672 ncRNA associations with 348 immune diseases;(3)4833 ncRNA associations with cancer immunology;and(4)238 ncRNA associations with vaccine responses involving 26 vaccine types targeting 22 diseases.RNA2Immune provides a user-friendly interface for browsing,searching,and downloading ncRNA-immune system associations.Collectively,RNA2Immune provides important information about how ncRNAs influence immune cell function,how dysregulation of these ncRNAs leads to pathological consequences(immune diseases and cancers),and how ncRNAs affect immune responses to vaccines.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of USA(Grant No.2047631)and partially by Georgia Research Alliance,USA。
文摘Acid–base homeostasis is a fundamental property of living cells,and its persistent disruption in human cells can lead to a wide range of diseases.In this study,we conducted a computational modeling analysis of transcriptomic data of 4750 human tissue samples of 9 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Built on our previous study,we quantitatively estimated the average production rate of OHby cytosolic Fenton reactions,which continuously disrupt the intracellular pH(pHi)homeostasis.Our predictions indicate that all or at least a subset of 43 reprogrammed metabolisms(RMs)are induced to produce net protons(H+)at comparable rates of Fenton reactions to keep the pHi stable.We then discovered that a number of wellknown phenotypes of cancers,including increased growth rate,metastasis rate,and local immune cell composition,can be naturally explained in terms of the Fenton reaction level and the induced RMs.This study strongly suggests the possibility to have a unified framework for studies of cancerinducing stressors,adaptive metabolic reprogramming,and cancerous behaviors.In addition,strong evidence is provided to demonstrate that a popular view that Na+/H+exchangers along with lactic acid exporters and carbonic anhydrases are responsible for the intracellular alkalization and extracellular acidification in cancer may not be justified.
文摘Hillslope rill/interrill erosion has been investigated from the perspective of runoff transport of sediment.Recent advances in terrestrial laser scanning can provide high-resolution elevation data up to centimeter levels,and temporal digital elevation models(DEMs)enabled the detection and quantification of sediment redistribution.Erosion and deposition are spatially heterogeneous across hillslopes,and the choice of resolution is critical when using a DEM to study the spatial pattern of the processes.This study investigates the influence of grid size on the sediment change calculation and rill network delineation based on two surveys using a terrestrial laser scanner on a hillslope with well-developed rills in 2014 and 2015.Temporal DEMs were used to quantify elevation changes and used to delineate rill networks.We produced DEM pairs of incremental grid sizes(1-cm,2-cm,5-cm,8-cm,10-cm,15-cm,20-cm,and 30-cm)for DEM difference and rill network delineation.We used the 1-cm DEM as the reference to compare the results produced from other DEMs.Our results suggest that erosion mainly occurs on the rill sidewalls,and deposition on the rill floors,with patches of erosion/deposition within the interrill areas.Both the area and volume of detectable change decrease as the grid size increases,while the area and volume of erosion are less sensitive compared to those of deposition.The total length and number of rills decrease with the increased grid size,whereas the average length of rills increases.The mean offset between delineated rill network and the reference increases with larger grid sizes.In contrast to the erosion and deposition detected within rills,minor changes are detected on the interrill areas,indicating that either no topographic changes occurred or the changes were too small to be detected on the interill areas by our finest 1-cm DEMs.We recommend to use the finest possible grid size that can be achieved for future studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32041002 to D.G.and 31800151 to J.W.)Guangdong Province‘Pearl River Talent Plan’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(2019ZT08Y464 to C.L.)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20200225150431472 and KQTD20180411143323605 to D.G.,GXWD20201231165807008 and 20200825183117001 to J.W.).
文摘Dear Editor,The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a novel emerging coronavirus that has spread worldwide since breaking out in late 2019 and has led to hundreds of millions of infections and millions of human deaths(Zhou et al.,2020).The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes 29 viral proteins.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32200331 and 32090061)the Major Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2021 AFB002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1050)the Open Project of Wuhan University of Technology Chongqing Research Institute(Grant No.ZL2021-3).
文摘Wheat stripe rust poses a marked threat to global wheat production.Accurate and effective disease severity assessments are crucial for disease resistance breeding and timely management of field diseases.In this study,we propose a practical solution using mobile-based deep learning and model-assisted labeling.StripeRust-Pocket,a user-friendly mobile application developed based on deep learning models,accurately quantifies disease severity in wheat stripe rust leaf images,even under complex backgrounds.Additionally,StripeRust-Pocket facilitates image acquisition,result storage,organization,and sharing.The underlying model employed by StripeRust-Pocket,called StripeRustNet,is a balanced lightweight 2-stage model.The first stage utilizes MobileNetV2-DeepLabV3+for leaf segmentation,followed by ResNet50-DeepLabV3+in the second stage for lesion segmentation.Disease severity is estimated by calculating the ratio of the lesion pixel area to the leaf pixel area.StripeRustNet achieves 98.65%mean intersection over union(MIoU)for leaf segmentation and 86.08%MIoU for lesion segmentation.Validation using an additional 100 field images demonstrated a mean correlation of over 0.964 with 3 expert visual scores.To address the challenges in manual labeling,we introduce a 2-stage labeling pipeline that combines model-assisted labeling,manual correction,and spatial complementarity.We apply this pipeline to our self-collected dataset,reducing the annotation time from 20 min to 3 min per image.Our method provides an efficient and practical solution for wheat stripe rust severity assessments,empowering wheat breeders and pathologists to implement timely disease management.It also demonstrates how to address the"last mile"challenge of applying computer vision technology to plant phenomics.