金属镍活性中心在惰性金属载体中的自分散及其催化炔烃选择加氢性能

单位点催化剂因具有较好的活性、较高的原子利用率和目标产物选择性,在基础科学研究及工业生产领域受到了广泛关注.然而,单位点催化剂的合成策略通常较为繁琐,需要精细调控金属活性中心与载体之间的相互作用.较弱的相互作用可能会导致金属活性位点的迁移和聚集,形成金属团簇,进而引发不必要的副反应.另一方面,过分紧密的相互作用可能会限制金属活性位点的原子效率,从而降低反应活性.本文开发了一种简单通用的自分散策略,用于制备金属态单位点催化剂.该方法利用过渡金属活性中心镍在惰性载体(铝和镁)中的自分散行为,成功构筑了含有孤立过渡金属镍活性中心的全金属催化体系.X射线光电子能谱、低能离子散射和球差矫正扫描透射电子显微镜等表征结果证实了镍/铝催化剂中镍物种以金属态存在,且以孤立状态均匀分布于铝基载体的亚表层.在气固相乙炔选择加氢反应中,镍/铝和镍/镁催化剂表现出较好的催化性能,能够实现100%的乙炔转化率和高乙烯选择性.值得注意的是,镍/铝催化剂在碳碳三键选择加氢反应中的催化性能甚至超越了工业界广泛使用的林德拉催化剂.稳定性测试结果表明,镍/铝催化剂在长达90 h的连续反应中,能够维持稳定的乙炔转化率和乙烯选择性,没有明显的活性下降,进一步印证了其在工业应用中的潜在价值.结合动力学分析、原位红外光谱、氢-氘-乙炔脉冲响应实验以及理论计算等结果,详细阐释了镍/铝催化体系上乙炔选择加氢的反应机制.结果表明,氢气分子优先在镍/铝催化剂表面吸附并发生解离,生成氢原子,随后与乙炔分子逐步反应生成乙烯.在该过程中,氢气的解离活化是整个反应过程的决速步.此外,还进一步探讨了镍/铝催化体系对液相炔烃、炔醇选择加氢的性能,发现该催化剂可以在较为温和的条件下高效催化不同官能团修饰的炔烃、炔醇的选择加氢反应,同时保持高底物转化率和较好的烯烃、烯醇选择性,且表现出较好的循环稳定性.综上所述,本文发展了一种全金属单位点催化体系的通用构筑策略,不仅扩展了单位点金属催化体系的合成方法,同时利用全金属体系的本征优势,为化学转化反应过程提供了新的思路.上述发现为设计合成新型高效催化体系提供了重要的理论和实验依据,有望在精细化学品合成工业中得到应用.

Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds:A case study in Beijing

With continually increasing urbanization,the land cover in urban areas continues to change,resulting in the loss of biodiversity.Birds are highly sensitive to changes in habitat.Most forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation,and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold weather.Landscaping plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds,and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at night.The use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for landscaping.In the current study,we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in Beijing from 2021 to 2022,with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families recorded.Juniperus chinensis exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness,followed by Fraxinus pennsylvanica,Phyllostachys propinqua,Pinus tabuliformis,and Ulmus pumila.The diameter at breast height,tree height,and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter,and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in winter.Birds used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter.A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted,with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter,while this preference was not found in large birds.These findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in winter.To provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds,we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.

The relationship between the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells and the pathological manifestations of the liver in 429 HBeAg-positive chronic HBV-infected individuals

Background:The natural history of chronic HBV infection is typically characterized by four stages:the immune tolerance period,the immune clearance period,the immune control period,and the immune escape period.These stages are associated with the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells;however,this relationship remains a topic of broad debate within the field of liver disease.To objectively and quantitatively measure the intracellular distribution of HBcAg,this paper aims to design a method referred to as the“layered evaluation method”and to examine its validation.Methods:The distribution of HBcAg in liver cells is assessed using Image Pro Plus image processing software,along with calculations of cytoplasmic and nuclear positive staining rates.Results:The findings indicate that the highest proportion of patients exhibited a positive cytoplasmic expression rate ranging from 0-2.5%.More than 40% of the total sample was categorized within the 0-2.5% positive nuclear expression range.The HBcAg cytoplasmic positive staining rates were classified into five levels:a cytoplasmic HBcAg positive staining rate of less than 0.05% is designated as level 0,indicating negative expression;a staining rate between 0.05% and 5% is classified as level 1;a rate from 5% to less than 10% is classified as level 2;a rate from 10% to less than 20% is classified as level 3;and a nuclear positivity rate exceeding 20% is classified as level 4.Conclusion:The inflammatory activity grade in these patients was positively correlated with the cytoplasmic distribution of HBcAg.Furthermore,the nuclear distribution rate of HBcAg was significantly higher in the G3 group compared to the other groups.

多孔碳包覆铜纳米颗粒的制备及性能表征——推荐一个化学综合实验

以Cu-MOF为前驱体,通过热解法制备氮掺杂多孔碳包覆铜纳米材料,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)等仪器对产物的形貌和组成进行表征。考察了不同热解温度对多孔碳材料形貌和组成的影响,探究其在硝基苯还原反应中的催化性能,并优化了反应条件。将材料的制备、表征和性能探究设计成一个综合实验,能够培养学生的科研思维和综合分析能力。

Zircon U-Pb age evidence of the Mesoarchean(2.9–3.2 Ga)crustal remnant in the Southern Dabie Orogen,South China

1.Objective Unlike the North China Plate where Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks are widely distributed,Early Precambrian basement rocks in the Yangtze Block of South China are locally exposed(Fig.1a),such as in the Kongling Complex,the Zhongxiang Complex,and the Douling Complex(Zhao GC and Cawood PA,2012).The Dabie Orogen is the eastward extension of the Qinling Orogen.

Combining unscented Kalman filter and wavelet neural network for anti-slug

The stability of the subsea oil and gas production system is heavily influenced by slug flow. One successful method of managing slug flow is to use top valve control based on subsea pipeline pressure. However, the complexity of production makes it difficult to measure the pressure of subsea pipelines, and measured values are not always accessible in real-time. The research introduces a technique for integrating Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) to estimate the state of subsea pipeline pressure using historical data and a state model. The proposed method treats multiphase flow transport as a nonlinear model, with a dynamic WNN serving as the state observer. To achieve real-time state estimation, the WNN is included into the UKF algorithm to create a WNN-based UKF state equation. Integrate WNN and UKF in a novel way to predict system state accurately. The simulated results show that the approach can efficiently predict the inlet pressure and manage the slug flow in real-time using the riser's top pressure, outlet flow and valve opening. This method of estimate can significantly increase the control effect.

Integrated network analysis of transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data in taurine-treated hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND Studies show that the antifibrotic mechanism of taurine may involve its inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Since the molecular mechanism of taurine-mediated antifibrotic activity has not been fully unveiled and is little studied, it is imperative to use "omics" methods to systematically investigate the molecular mechanism by which taurine inhibits liver fibrosis.AIM To establish a network including transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data to elucidate the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis.METHODS We used microarrays, bioinformatics, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network,and sub-modules to investigate taurine-induced changes in gene expression in human HSCs(LX-2). Subsequently, all of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were subjected to gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the interactions of DEGs were explored in a human PPI network, and sub-modules of the DEGs interaction network were analyzed using Cytoscape software.RESULTS A total of 635 DEGs were identified in taurine-treated HSCs when compared with the controls. Of these, 304 genes were statistically significantly up-regulated, and 331 down-regulated. Most of these DEGs were mainly located on the membrane and extracellular region, and are involved in the biological processes of signal transduction, cell proliferation, positive regulation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1(ERK1) and ERK2 cascade, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and so on. Fifteen significantly enriched pathways with DEGs were identified, including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and so on. By integrating the transcriptomics and human PPI data, nine critical genes, including MMP2, MMP9, MMP21,TIMP3, KLF10, CX3CR1, TGFB1, VEGFB, and EGF, were identified in the PPI network analysis.CONCLUSION Taurine promotes the apoptosis of HSCs via up-regulating TGFB1 and then activating the p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis and provide references for liver disorder therapy.

Attenuation of portal hypertension by natural taurine in rats with liver cirrhosis

AIM： To investigate the inhibitory effect of natural taurine （NTau） on portal hypertension （PHT） in rats with experimentally-induced liver cirrhosis （LC）. METHODS： Experimentally-induced LC Wistar rats （20 rats/group） were treated with either oral saline or oral NTau for 6 consecutive weeks. Evaluation parameters included portal venous pressure （PVP）, portal venous resistance （PVR）, portal venous flow （PVF）, splanchnic vascular resistance （SVR） and mean arterial pressure （NAP）. Vasoactive substance levels including nitric oxide （NO）, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） were also measured. Histological investigation of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen （COL Ⅰ and Ⅲ） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） was also performed. RESULTS： Treatment with NTau （1） significantly decreased PVP, PVR and PVF, and increased MAP and SVP; （2） markedly increased the vascular compliance and reduced the zero-stress of the portal vein; （3） markedly decreased the amount of NO and cGMP and activity of NOS; and （4） improved the pathological status of the liver tissue and reduced the expression of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ and TGF-β1. CONCLUSION： NTau inhibited the LC-induced PHT by improving hyperdynamic circulation, morphology of liver and biomechanical properties of the portal vein in experimentally-induced LC rats.

Efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula on hepatitis B e antigenpositive chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND No guideline recommends antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels and a high hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA viral load.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a Chinese herbal formula as a therapeutic option for chronic HBV infection.METHODS In total,395 patients(30–65 years old)with confirmed HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase were randomized to receive either Chinese herbal formula or placebo for 96 wk.Endpoints to evaluate therapeutic efficacy included:(1)HBV DNA levels decreased to less than 4 log10 IU/mL at weeks 48 and 96;and(2)HBeAg clearance and seroconversion rates at weeks 48 and 96.RESULTS HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 10.05%at week 48 and 18.59%at week 96 in the treatment group.The HBeAg clearance and conversion rates were 8.54%and 8.04%at week 48 and 16.08%and 14.57%at week 96,respectively.However,HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 2.55%and 2.55%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,and the HBeAg clearance rates were 3.06%and 5.61%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,in the control group.The quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg levels at baseline and changes during the treatment period as well as the alanine aminotransferase elevation at weeks 12 and 24 were strong predictors of HBeAg clearance.CONCLUSION High rates of HBV DNA reduction,HBeAg clearance and seroconversion could be achieved with Chinese herbal formula treatments,and the treatments were relatively safe for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase.The ability of the compound to modulate host immune function probably contributed to this effect.

Coordinatively unsaturated sites in zeolite matrix: Construction and catalysis

Zeolites with ordered porous structure of molecular size are widely employed as commercial adsorbents and catalysts.On the other hand,the zeolite matrix is regarded as an ideal scaffold for hosting coordinatively unsaturated sites.Remarkable achievements have been made dealing with the construction,characterization and catalytic applications of coordinatively unsaturated sites in zeolite matrix.Herein,a literature overview of recent progresses on this important topic is presented from the specific view of coordination chemistry.Different strategies to construction coordinatively unsaturated sites in zeolite matrix,in zeolite framework or extraframework positions,are first introduced and their characteristics are compared.Then,spectroscopic techniques to determine the existing states of cation sites and their transformations in zeolite matrix are discussed.In the last section,the catalytic applications of coordinatively unsaturated sites in zeolite matrix for various important chemical transformations are summarized.

Effects of different ingredients of zedoary on gene expression of HSC-T6 cells

AIM： To investigate the effects of four different ingredients of zedoary （Curcuma aromatica oil, Curcumol, β-elemence, and Curcumin） on the gene expressions of hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）, and to explore the molecular mechanism of zedoary against hepatic fibrosis at gene network level. METHODS： We detected the mRNA sequences of 50 liver fibrosis-related genes in GenBank and designed oligonucleotide probes. We synthesized oligonucleotides with PE8909 DNA synthesizing instrument, and carried out oligonucleotide microarray with OGR-04 dropping instrument and aldehyded glass chip. Cultured HSC-T6 cells were breated wibh different concentrations of Colchicine, Curcuma aromatica oil, Curcumol, β-elemence, and Curcumin. According to the experiment of cell toxicity, we took the appropriate concentrations of medicines that resulted in over 50% of cell survival as experiment concentrations. We collected the cells at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h, and extracted total RNA with TRIzol reagent, then labeled cDNAs with Cy3-dUTP and Cy5-dUTP. These labeled cDNAs were hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray which was washed several times and scanned by scanner GenePix 4000B. Different gene expressions of HSC-T6 cells were analyzed by ImaGene 4.2 software. RESULTS： After HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 6.25μg/mL Colchicine for 12 h, expression of TIMP-1 decreased 2.2-folds. After HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 78.125 μg/mL of Curcuma aromatica oil for 24 h, the expression of TIMP-2 and IL-6 decreased 2.3- and 2.2-folds, respectively. Moreover, after HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 1.5625 μg/mL of Curcumol for 12 h, the expression of TGFμ1 and P450a decreased 2.3- and 2.1-folds, respectively. CONCLUSION： Our results may show the possible molecular mechanism of Curcuma aromatica oil and Curcumol against hepatic fibrosis.

Metabolomic profiling for identification of metabolites and relevant pathways for taurine in hepatic stellate cells

AIM To develop a reliable and simple method to identify important biological metabolites and relevant pathways for taurine in hepatic stellate cells(HSCs), in order to provide more data for taurine therapy.METHODS All the biological samples were analyzed by using highperformance liquid chromatography-time electrospray ionization/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify statistically different metabolites for taurine in HSCs, and metabolomic pathway analysis was used to do pathway analysis for taurine in HSCs. The chemical structure of the related metabolites and pathways was identified by comparing the m/z ratio and ion mode with the data obtained from free online databases.RESULTS A total of 32 significant differential endogenous metabolites were identified, which may be related to the mechanism of action of taurine in HSCs. Among the seven relevant pathways identified, sphingolipid metabolism pathway, glutathione metabolism pathway and thiamine metabolism pathway were found to be the most important metabolic pathways for taurine in HSCs.CONCLUSION This study showed that there were distinct changes in biological metabolites of taurine in HSCs and three differential metabolic pathways including sphingolipid pathway, glutathione pathway and thiamine metabolism pathway might be of key importance in mediating the mechanism of action of taurine in HSCs.

Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neurons. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was identified as one of the key pathways underlying this differentiation process. The present study shows phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated p38 protein expression was increased after differentiation. Cellular signaling pathway blocking agents, PD98059 and SB203580, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways respectively, mRNA and protein expression of the neuronal marker, neuron specific enolase, and neural stem cell marker, nestin, were decreased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after treatment with the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Experimental findings indicate that, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, induced by the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction.

Analysis of the medication rules of the national patent compound for the treatment of functional dyspepsia

Objective:Based on data mining software,applying frequent itemsets,association rules,hierarchical clustering,complex networks and other data mining methods to analyze the usage and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)patent compound for functional dyspepsia.Method:Use the Chinese patent database to search the compound for the treatment of functional dyspepsia,exclude traditional Chinese medicine extracts,single drugs,combined use of Chinese and Western medicines,etc.,screen the patented compound of TCM,establish an Excel data table,and apply data mining software to The data is subjected to frequency statistics,association rules,cluster analysis and complex network analysis.Result:A total of 238 prescriptions for functional dyspepsia were screened.The four qi of the drugs were mainly warm and calm,the five flavors were mainly sweet and spicy,and the spleen and stomach were the main meridians.The top 10 Chinese medicines with higher frequency are Shanzha、Chenpi、Gancao、Maiya、Jineijin、Fuling、Baizhu、Shenqu、Houpo、Banxia;frequent itemsets show that the drugs are mainly compatible with qi and spleen,qi and digestion;association rules The analysis shows that the common drug pairs used in the treatment of functional dyspepsia include Chenpi-Shanzha、Maiya-Shanzha、Jineijin-Shanzha,etc.;cluster analysis found that there are 4 types of drugs for functional dyspepsia,mainly including drugs for regulating qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach,drugs for soothing liver and promoting Qi,drugs for eliminating food and resolving accumulation,drugs for benefiting qi and strengthening spleen;the 22-flavor Chinese medicine in the core drug network,the core compatibility is mainly to eliminate stagnation and spleen.Conclusion:Data mining research provides a reference for the clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia and the development of TCM formulas;Clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia should grasp the basic principles of strengthening vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors to benefit qi,strengthen the spleen,and eliminate food.It is a basic treatment method,taking into account the methods of regulating qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach,soothing the liver and relieving depression,relieving dampness and dampness,and combining the specific conditions of patients with syndrome differentiation and treatment.

白血病诱导分化剂的研究进展

诱导分化具有选择性高、副作用小、疗效好等优点。诱导分化机制的研究的深入推动着诱导分化治疗白血病的研究和发展,使其有望成为将来治疗白血病的主要手段。近年来,急性早幼粒细胞白血病的诱导分化治疗已成为目前血液学研究的热点之一,并且国内外对白血病的诱导分化治疗的研究取得了一定的成果。本文对近年来白血病诱导分化的新型诱导分化剂,如:维甲酸类、砷剂、中药类、分子靶向治疗药物类、去甲基化药物类、组蛋白酶去乙酰化药物、miRNA类等的使用与分子机制进行了总结,有利于了解诱导分化剂的研究新进展。

Phase-field numerical simulation of three-dimensional competitive growth of dendrites in a binary alloy

The normal vector of migration direction in the solid-liquid interface of dendrites was used to describe the phase-field governing equation. By using the three angles formed by the normal vector for the migration direction of the dendritic growth interface and the coordinate axes of the simulation region, the authors expressed the interfacial anisotropy equation, and built a phase-field model for the competitive growth of multiple grains. Taking a Al-2%mole-Cu binary alloy as an example, the competitive growth of multiple grains during isothermal solidification was simulated by applying parallel computing techniques. In addition, the phase field simulation results were verified by the experimental method. The simulation results show that the competitive growth of equiaxed dendrite is divided into two types: the first occurs during the process of competitive growth, the tips of primary dendrite on different grains taking part in the competition stop growing in their optimal growth direction; the second also occurs during competitive growth, the tips of primary dendrite which participate in the competition on different grains never stop growing in their optimal growth direction. The dendritic morphologies of the first competition growth type are divided into two types. Primary dendrites of grains taking part in the competition stop growing in their optimal growth direction and the competition plane enlarges when neither one wins the competition. However, when one wins the competition, the primary dendrites of grains with superiority go through the blocking grains and continue to grow in their optimal growth direction. The primary dendrites of inferior grains stop growing in their optimal growth direction and then instead grow in those areas without obstacles. The dendritic morphology of the second competition-growth type is shown to be the deformation of primary dendrites, which are mainly represented as the deflection and bending observed from different views. Compared with the metallographic picture, the simulation results can show the morphology of the competitive growth in all directions, so this simulation method can better characterize the competitive growth process.

Industrial test of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot by electroslag remelting withdrawing process

In this study, the key technologies of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting withdrawing(ESRW) process, including bifilar mode supply, slag system development, and design of mold, were studied based on the laboratory research achievements. The 6-m long ingot of bearing steel GGr15 with a cross-section of 300 mm × 340 mm was produced using the ESRW process with a bifilar mode and a multi-taper T-mold in a plant. The testing results show that the melting rate using the ESRW bifilar mode technology is three times faster than traditional electroslag remelting(ESR), and the power consumption is only 1,320 k Wh per ton steel. Through testing for the chemical composition, macrostructure and inclusions of remelted ingot, it can be concluded that the ESRW bifilar mode technology not only retains the characteristics of traditional ESR, but also improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost compared to traditional ESR.

Partially Diffusive Helium-Silica Compound under High Pressure

Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, and together with silica, they are important components of giant planets. Exploring the reactivity and state of helium and silica under high pressure is crucial for understanding of the evolution and internal structure of giant planets. Here, using first-principles calculations and crystal structure predictions, we identify four stable phases of a helium-silica compound with seven/eight-coordinated silicon atoms at pressure of 600–4000 GPa, corresponding to the interior condition of the outer planets in the solar system. The density of He Si O2 agrees with current structure models of the planets.This helium-silica compound exhibits a superionic-like helium diffusive state under the high-pressure and hightemperature conditions along the isentropes of Saturn, a metallic fluid state in Jupiter, and a solid state in the deep interiors of Uranus and Neptune. These results show that helium may affect the erosion of the rocky core in giant planets and may help to form a diluted core region, which not only highlight the reactivity of helium under high pressure but also provide evidence helpful for building more sophisticated interior models of giant planets.

微乳液法调控纳米Cu-MOF形貌的实验教学案例

通过微乳液法调控Cu-MOF的形貌,对其制备条件进行优化,得到各种不同形貌的Cu-MOF材料。为了开发材料化学实验与时俱进的教学案例,探究环己烷的用量、反应时间、反应温度等条件对Cu-MOF形貌的影响,从而优化实验细节以满足实验教学案例的要求,使得到的Cu-MOF材料具有重复性好、成本低廉、可行性高的优点。通过本实验教学案例,能够使学生掌握调控纳米MOFs形貌的技能。

Identification of key genes and active anti-inflammatory ingredients in Panax medicinal plants by climate-regulated callus culture combined with gene-component-efficacy gray correlation analysis

Objective:We aimed to establish a novel strategy for identifying key genes and active anti-inflammatory ingredients in Panax medicinal plants.Methods:First,fresh roots of 2-year-old Panax plants,including P.ginseng C.A.Mey.,P.quinquefolium L.,P.notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen,P.japonicus C.A.Mey.,P.japonicus Mey.var.major(Burk.)C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng,were selected as explants,and callus formation was induced under three experimental temperatures(17,24,and 30℃).Second,high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the saponin content of the callus.Nitric oxide reduction efficacy was used for“component-efficacy”gray correlation analysis to find the active anti-inflammatory ingredients.Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to determine the inflammatory factors and verify the active ingredients’anti-inflammatory effects.Finally,qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of key genes in the callus,and“gene-component”gray correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the regulatory pathway of the genes and the components.Results:Among the three experimental temperatures(17,24,and 30℃),the lowest temperature(17℃)is the most suitable for generating Panax callus.Lower-latitude native Panax notoginseng is more adaptable under high culture temperatures(24℃and 30℃)than other Panax plants.The ginsenoside contents of the callus of P.notoginseng and P.japonicus were the highest under similar climate conditions(17℃).Major anti-inflammatory components were G-Rh1,G-Rb1,G-Rg3,and G-Rh6/FloralGKa.CYP76A47 contributed to the accumulation of anti-inflammatory components.Conclusions:This study provides a strategy for the gene-component-efficacy correlational study of multi-component,multi-functional,and multi-purpose plants of the same genus.