Association of tumor budding with clinicopathological features and prognostic value in stage III-IV colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Tumor budding(TB)has emerged as a promising independent prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer(CRC).The prognostic role of TB has been extensively studied and currently affects clinical decision making in patients with stage I and II CRC.However,existing prognostic studies on TB in stage III CRC have been confined to small retrospective cohort studies.Consequently,this study investigated the correlation among TB categories,clinicopathological features,and prognosis in stage III-IV CRC to further enhance the precision and individualization of treatment through refined prognostic risk stratification.AIM To analyze the relationship between TB categories and clinicopathological characteristics and assess their prognostic value in stage III-IV CRC to further refine the prognostic risk stratification of stage III-IV CRC.METHODS The clinical data of 547 CRC patients were collected for this retrospective study.Infiltration at the front edge of the tumor buds was counted according to the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference guidelines.RESULTS Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy(P=0.004),clinical stage IV(P<0.001),≥4 regional lymph node metastases(P=0.004),left-sided colonic cancer(P=0.040),and Bd 2-3(P=0.002)were independent prognostic factors in patients with stage III-IV CRC.Moreover,the density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was higher in Bd 1 than in Bd 2-3,both in the tumor stroma and its invasive margin.CONCLUSION TB has an independent predictive prognostic value in patients with stage III-IV CRC.It is recommended to complete the TB report of stage III-IV CRC cases in the standardized pathological report to further refine risk stratification.

Primary Treatment for Clinically Early Cervical Cancer with Lymph Node Metastasis:Radical Surgery or Radiation?

Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a,T1b,and T2a(American Joint Committee on Cancer,7th edition)from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching.Overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 4964 patients included in the study,1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes(N1),and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes(N0).Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group(P<0.001)and N0 group(P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis,similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a(100.0%vs.61.1%),T1b(84.1%vs.64.3%),and T2a(74.4%vs.63.8%).In patients with T1b1 and T2a1,primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation,but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2.In multivariate analysis,the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients(HR_(N1)=2.522,95%CI=1.919–3.054,PN1<0.001;HR_(N0)=1.895,95%CI=1.689–2.126,PN0<0.001).Conclusion In early cervical cancer stage T1a,T1b1,and T2a1,primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.

The influences of perforating phase and bedding planes on the fracture deflection in laminated shale

The perforating phase leads to complex and diverse hydraulic fracture propagation behaviors in laminated shale formations. In this paper, a 2D high-speed imaging scheme which can capture the interaction between perforating phase and natural shale bedding planes was proposed. The phase field method was used to simulate the same conditions as in the experiment for verification and hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism under the competition of perforating phase and bedding planes was discussed.The results indicate that the bedding planes appear to be no influence on fracture propagation while the perforating phase is perpendicular to the bedding planes, and the fracture propagates along the perforating phase without deflection. When the perforating phase algins with the bedding planes, the fracture initiation pressure reserves the lowest value, and no deflection occurs during fracture propagation. When the perforating phase is the angle 45°, 60°and 75°of bedding planes, the bedding planes begin to play a key role on the fracture deflection. The maximum deflection degree is reached at the perforating phase of75°. Numerical simulation provides evidence that the existence of shale bedding planes is not exactly equivalent to anisotropy for fracture propagation and the difference of mechanical properties between different shale layers is the fundamental reason for fracture deflection. The findings help to understand the intrinsic characteristics of shale and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of field perforation parameters.

On the Performances of Estimating Stellar Atmospheric Parameters from CSST Broad-band Photometry

Deriving atmospheric parameters of a large sample of stars is of vital importance to understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way.Photometric surveys,especially those with near-ultraviolet filters,can offer accurate measurements of stellar parameters,with the precision comparable to that from low/medium resolution spectroscopy.In this study,we explore the capability of measuring stellar atmospheric parameters from Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST)broad-band photometry(particularly in the near-ultraviolet bands),based on synthetic colors derived from model spectra.We find that colors from the optical and near-ultraviolet filter systems adopted by CSST show significant sensitivities to the stellar atmospheric parameters,especially the metallicity.According to our mock data tests,the precision of the photometric metallicity is quite high,with typical values of0.17 and 0.20 dex for dwarf and giant stars,respectively.The precision of the effective temperature estimated from broad-band colors are within 50 K.

Effects of Lipoxin A4 Pretreatment on Cognitive Function of Aged Rats after Global Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipoxin A4 （LXA4） pretreatment on cognitive function of aged rats after global cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and to explore its possible mechanism. Thirty-six aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=12 each）： sham-operation group （S group）, global cerebral ischemia reperfusion group （I/R group） and LXA4-pretreatment group （L group）. The rat model of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery with hypotension. The cognitive function of rats was determined by a step-down type passive avoidance test and Morris Water Maze test on the third day after reperfusion. Rats were sacrificed after Water Maze test and the pathological changes ofhippocampal CA1 region were observed and the related inflammatory mediators were determined. As compared with S group, the escape latency in I/R group was prolonged from the first day to the fifth day, while that in L group was prolonged from the first day to the third day. The retention time in I/R group and L group in the first quadrant was shortened. The reaction time, frequency of reaction mistake and frequency of escape mistake in I/R group increased, and the latent period shortened. The frequency of escape mistake in L group increased, and the damage in the hippocampal CAI region of I/R group and L group was obvious. The levels of S-10013, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and NF-κB in I/R group and L group increased. As compared with I/R group, the escape latency in L group was shortened from the first day to the fifth day, and the retention time in the first quadrant prolonged. The reaction time, frequency of reaction mistake and frequency of escape mistake in L group decreased, and the latent period prolonged. The damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of L group was alleviated as well. The levels of S-10013, TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB in L group decreased, and those of IL-10 increased. It can be concluded that LXA4 pretreatment can improve the cognitive function in aged rats after global cerebral ischemia reperfusion probably by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction.

Research on Hospital Medical Crisis Management Based on 4R Theory: A Case Study of the Crisis Event in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

The hospital medical crisis management is the strategy adopted by hospitals for medical crisis.It aims to minimize the loss brought about by medical crisis to the hospital through management.By using 4R theory of crisis management and taking the incident of"sky-high medical expenses"happened in Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University as an example,we study how to improve and perfect the medical crisis management strategy of hospitals in our country.As a result,we think hospitals can improve the crisis management strategy from four aspects of curtailment,preparation,reaction and resilience,so as to solve this issue appropriately,protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients to the greatest extent and promote the sustainable development of the hospital.

Differential correction method applied to measurement of the FAST reflector

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope （FAST） adopts an active deformable main reflector which is composed of 4450 triangular panels. During an observation, the illuminated area of the reflector is deformed into a 300-m diameter paraboloid and directed toward a source. To achieve accurate control of the reflector shape, positions of 2226 nodes distributed around the entire reflector must be measured with sufficient precision within a limited time, which is a challenging task because of the large scale. Measurement of the FAST reflector makes use of stations and node targets. However, in this case the effect of the atmosphere on measurement accuracy is a significant issue. This paper investigates a differen- tial correction method for total stations measurement of the FAST reflector. A multi-benchmark differential correction method, including a scheme for benchmark selection and weight assignment, is proposed. On- site evaluation experiments show there is an improvement of 70%-80% in measurement accuracy compared with the uncorrected measurement, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

草原牧区要率先实现乡村振兴

通过梳理草原、牧区和乡村振兴战略的概念、内涵与相互关系,阐述草原牧区乡村振兴在巩固脱贫成果、确保和谐稳定、维护民族团结、筑牢生态屏障和减轻农区压力等方面的重要意义,分析了草原牧区具有丰富的自然资源、深邃的草原文化、多样的物质传承、美丽的自然景观和良好的发展潜力等实施乡村振兴战略的有利条件,提出了以下推进草原牧区率先实现乡村振兴的对策措施:延伸绿色畜产品产业链、打造价值链,实现产业兴旺;通过草原改良措施,提升草原人口承载力,发展多种产业吸收富裕的农牧民,实现生态宜居;强化牧区教育,传承草原文明建设成果,培育农牧民的良好风气,实现乡风文明;完善法律法规,改善法治环境,增强法治建设,同时充分发挥农牧民群众自治的作用,实现治理有效;政策支持和引导草原牧区发展文化旅游业、花卉业、食品业、药材业等多种产业,实现草原牧区生活富裕。

超声引导技术在髂筋膜间隙阻滞教学中的应用

目的探讨超声引导技术在髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB)麻醉教学中的应用。方法采用随机数字表法将20名规培医师随机分为超声引导组(A组)和解剖定位组(B组),分别采用超声仪与传统解剖定位法进行示教,记录每组医师神经阻滞操作的成功率及阻滞效果,分析超声引导技术对临床教学的辅助作用。结果A组FICB操作一次成功率(59%vs.21%)、总成功率(88%vs.54%)均显著高于B组,并且与B组相比,A组教学满意度、理论知识掌握情况以及FICB操作自信心评分均较高,而手术操作时间较短。结论超声引导下FICB教学效果良好,能显著提高学员FICB操作成功率,缩短操作时间,增强操作信心和兴趣。

Therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells on mouse models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D),a chronic metabolic and autoimmune disease,seriously endangers human health.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has become an effective treatment for diabetes.Menstrual bloodderived endometrial stem cells(MenSC),a novel MSC type derived from the decidual endometrium during menstruation,are expected to become promising seeding cells for diabetes treatment because of their noninvasive collection procedure,high proliferation rate and high immunomodulation capacity.AIM To comprehensively compare the effects of MenSC and umbilical cord-derived MSC(UcMSC)transplantation on T1D treatment,to further explore the potential mechanism of MSC-based therapies in T1D,and to provide support for the clinical application of MSC in diabetes treatment.METHODS A conventional streptozotocin-induced T1D mouse model was established,and the effects of MenSC and UcMSC transplantation on their blood glucose and serum insulin levels were detected.The morphological and functional changes in the pancreas,liver,kidney,and spleen were analyzed by routine histological and immunohistochemical examinations.Changes in the serum cytokine levels in the model mice were assessed by protein arrays.The expression of target proteins related to pancreatic regeneration and apoptosis was examined by western blot.RESULTS MenSC and UcMSC transplantation significantly improved the blood glucose and serum insulin levels in T1D model mice.Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the numbers of insulin+and CD31+cells in the pancreas were significantly increased in MSC-treated mice compared with control mice.Subsequent western blot analysis also showed that vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Bcl2,Bcl-xL and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in pancreatic tissue was significantly upregulated in MSC-treated mice compared with control mice.Additionally,protein arrays indicated that MenSC and UcMSC transplantation significantly downregulated the serum levels of interferonγand tumor necrosis factorαand upregulated the serum levels of interleukin-6 and VEGF in the model mice.Additionally,histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that MSC transplantation systematically improved the morphologies and functions of the liver,kidney,and spleen in T1D model mice.CONCLUSION MenSC transplantation significantly improves the symptoms in T1D model mice and exerts protective effects on their main organs.Moreover,MSC-mediated angiogenesis,antiapoptotic effects and immunomodulation likely contribute to the above improvements.Thus,MenSC are expected to become promising seeding cells for clinical diabetes treatment due to their advantages mentioned above.

Unit panel node detection by CNN on FAST reflector

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) has an active reflector.During observations, the reflector will be deformed into a paraboloid 300 meters in diameter. To improve its surface accuracy, we propose a scheme for photogrammetry to measure the positions of 2226 nodes on the reflector. The way to detect the nodes in the photos is the key problem in this application of photogrammetry. This paper applies a convolutional neural network(CNN) with candidate regions to detect the nodes in the photos. Experimental results show a high recognition rate of 91.5%, which is much higher than the recognition rate for traditional edge detection.

Differentiations of 5-HT and GAS cells in the digestive canals of Rana chensinensis tadpoles

In the current study, 5-nydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and gastrin （GAS） cells in the digestive canals of Rana chensinensis tadpoles at different developmental stages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the 5-HT cells were only detected in the duodenum before metamorphosis began, and were extensively distributed in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum thereafter, with the highest counts found in the duodenum and rectum when metamorphosis was completed. The GAS cells were only distributed in the stomach and duodenum, and only rarely detected in the duodenum before metamorphosis began, but increased in the stomach during metamorphosis and showed zonal distribution in the gastric mucosa when metamorphosis was completed. Metamorphosis is a critical period for amphibians, during which structural and functional physiological adaptations are required to transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. During metamorphosis, the differentiations of 5-HT cells in the gastrointestinal canals of tadpoles could facilitate mucus secretion regulation, improve digestive canal lubrication, and help water- shortage food digestion in terrestrial environments. Conversely, GAS cell differentiations during metamorphosis might contribute to the digestive and absorptive function transition from herbivore to omnivore.

A 10-MHz SOI-Based Face Shear Square Micromechanical Resonator

A 10-MHz face shear （FS） square micro- mechanical resonator based on silicon-on-insulator （SO1） technology is presented in this paper. In order to examine the improvement of quality factor as well as motional resistance Rx in this structure, the center-stem anchor is employed in this study. The benefit of anchoring the square in the center, which is the nodal point, is that the energy losses through the anchor can be minimized. Hence, a quality factor value of 2.0 million and the motional resistance of 8.2 k~ can be obtained with an FS mode resonator via finite element （FE） simulation. The results show the significance of the FS mode in this design, not only in its structure but also in its square-extensional mode and Lame-mode. Additionally, an SOI-based fabrication process is proposed to support the design.

Spectral and statistical analysis of bow wave breaking characteristics of KCS ship

Bow wave breaking is a common phenomenon during ship navigation,especially at a high speed,involving complex physical mechanism such as interface mixing,air entrainment,and jet splashing.This study uses the delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES)turbulence model on the OpenFOAM platform to simulate flow around a KRISO Container Ship(KCS)model for a Froude number of 0.35,examining trim angles of 0°,0.5°,1°.This paper analyzes the statistical and power spectral density(PSD)characteristics of bow wave heights.The analysis shows root mean square(rms)and mean difference between top and bottom views indicate wave breaking.As the trim angle increases,peaks of rms in the bottom view become much higher than that in the top view,reaching 38%at 1°.PSD analysis reveals that resistance and wave height periods differ by no more than 5%,with small-scale structures like jetting and splashing causing non-dominant periodic and high-frequency wave height variations.

Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family in autoimmune diseases

The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is widely expressed in the immune system. Abnormal expression of CMTM is associated with the development of various diseases. This article summarizes the relevant research on the role of the CMTM family in immune disorders. This information will increase our understanding of pathogenesis and identify promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The CMTM family is highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CKLF1 may be involved in the development of arthritis through its interaction with C-C chemokine receptor 4. CKLF1 is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and psoriasis. Both CMTM4 and CMTM5 are associated with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. CMTM1, CMTM2, CMTM3, and CMTM6 play a role in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sj?gren syndrome, and anti-phospholipid syndrome, respectively. The CMTM family has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases. Further research on the mechanism of the action of CMTM family members may lead to the development of new treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases.

Change of serum B-cell activating factor level in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and its significance

Background:B-cell activating factor(BAFF)is vital for B cell survival.Serum BAFF levels are elevated in thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome,but little is known about levels in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies(aPLs)and previous adverse pregnancy outcomes(APOs).We aimed to analyze serum BAFF concentrations of these patients in early pregnancy along with different pregnancy outcomes.Methods:Thirty-six pregnant patients positive for aPLs and previous APOs(patient group),25 healthy pregnant females(HP group)and 35 healthy non-pregnant females(HNP group)from the Peking University Third Hospital,between October 2018 and March 2019,were enrolled in this study.Serum of HNP and serum of patients as well as HP in the first gestational trimester were collected.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure serum BAFF and interferon-alpha(IFN-a)concentrations.Cytometric bead array analysis was used to measure serum concentrations of cytokines.The patient group was further divided into APOs and non-APOs(NAPOs)group,fetal loss and live birth group according to pregnancy outcomes.The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess significance between and within groups.Spearman rank-order was used to evaluate correlation coefficients between BAFF and related cytokines.Results:The serum BAFF level in HP group was significantly lower than HNP group(245.24[218.80,265.90]vs.326.94[267.31,414.80]pg/mL,Z=-3.966,P<0.001).The BAFF level was obviously elevated in patient group compared to that in HP group(307.77[219.86,415.65]vs.245.24[218.80,265.90]pg/mL,Z=-2.464,P=0.013).BAFF levels in APOs group tended to be higher than that in NAPOs group(416.52[307.07,511.12]vs.259.37[203.59,375.81]pg/mL,Z=-2.718,P=0.006).Compared to HP group,concentrations of IFN-a,interleukin(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor were higher in patient group(33.37[18.85,48.12]vs.13.10[6.85,25.47]pg/mL,Z=-2.023,P=0.043;39.16[4.41,195.87]vs.3.37[2.92,3.90]pg/mL,Z=-3.650,P<0.001;8.23[2.27,64.46]vs.1.53[1.25,2.31]pg/mL,Z=-3.604,P<0.001,respectively).Serum BAFF levels had a positive correlation with the concentrations of both IL-6 and IL-10(IL-6:r=0.525,P=0.002;IL-10:r=0.438,P=0.012).Conclusions:Serum BAFF levels are increased in patients with positive aPLs and previous APOs as compared to healthy pregnant females and tend to be higher in individuals with current APOs.The BAFF levels have a positive correlation with serum IL-6 and IL-10.

河道水质高效高分辨率数值模拟及评估模型研究

为更好地模拟水污染事件中多组分污染物输移衰减反应过程并对水质指标进行快速评估,该文全面耦合了二维水动力模型与多组分水质模拟及评估模型,根据GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准,同时引入图形处理器GPU(graphics processing unit)加速技术,构建了一个可对多种水质变量输移及相互反应过程模拟评估的河道水质高效高分辨率数值模拟及评估模型。采用理想地形算例与规则水渠地形算例,验证模型的精度和稳定性,同时根据银川市西大沟COD和NH3-N等水质变量的监测数据对其一级衰减反应系数进行率定,模拟评估城市溢流污染在海绵改造和生态修复等拟建工程措施建设前后对西大沟断面水质的影响。结果表明,该模型可模拟高分辨率地形的多种水质变量输移及相互反应过程,两个验证算例纳什系数分别为1和0.984,模型具有较好的可信度。在旱天无溢流污染情况下,西大沟断面水质均为准Ⅳ类水质;在雨天,城市溢流污染对西大沟影响较大,是导致西大沟水体发生黑臭的一个重要因素,但水环境工程措施对黑臭水体的治理效果明显。模型对城市沟渠水质模拟预测及评估效果较好,以期可为城市水环境工程建设提供相关参考。

Interface reaction during titanium alloys investment casting by residue gas in ceramic mold

The chemical reaction between mold material and titanium melt during investment casting was studied intensively. However, the in fluence of residue gas in ceramic mold on interface reaction remains unclear. In this investigation, the effect of residue gas in Y2O3-silica sol shell mold on interface reaction during Ti-6A1-4V alloy investment casting was investigated. Two groups of shell molds were prepared by adding different kinds of pore formers, i.e., spherical starch particles or nylon fibers, respectively. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was cast under vacuum by gravity casting through cold crucible induction melting (CCIM) method. Porosity of different shell molds was measured based on Archimedean method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the micromorphology and composition of the reaction area, respectively. White light interferometer (WLI) was used to obtain the surface topography of the shell mold. The results show that the direct chemical reaction is very weak for all specimens. The release of residue gas in closed pores is the key factor influencing surface defects. However, open pores make nearly no difference on the interface reaction.