Systemic immune-inflammation index,neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio,and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To investigate systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and plateletto-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)levels in patients with type 2 diabetes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:This retrospective study included 141 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM):45 without diabetic retinopathy(NDR),47 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),and 49 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).Complete blood counts were obtained,and NLR,PLR,and SII were calculated.The study analysed the ability of inflammatory markers to predict DR using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The relationships between DR stages and SII,PLR,and NLP were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS:The average NLR,PLR,and SII were higher in the PDR group than in the NPDR group(P=0.011,0.043,0.009,respectively);higher in the NPDR group than in the NDR group(P<0.001 for all);and higher in the PDR group than in the NDR group(P<0.001 for all).In the ROC curve analysis,the NLR,PLR,and SII were significant predictors of DR(P<0.001 for all).The highest area under the curve(AUC)was for the PLR(0.929 for PLR,0.925 for SII,and 0.821 for NLR).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that NLR,PLR,and SII were statistically significantly positive and independent predictors for the DR stages in patients with DM[odds ratio(OR)=1.122,95%confidence interval(CI):0.200–2.043,P<0.05;OR=0.038,95%CI:0.018–0.058,P<0.05;OR=0.007,95%CI:0.001–0.01,P<0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION:The NLR,PLR,and SII may be used as predictors of DR.

Ultrafine Mo-Doped Co2P Nanorods Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide as Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

One-dimensional(1D)transition metal phosphides(TMPs)with large specific surface areas,high charge transfer efficiency and excellent electrical conductivity have attracted significant attention in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)as versatile and active catalysts.Herein,the sub-4 nm Mo-Co2 P ultrafine nanorods(NRs)anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)were successfully synthesized by a colloidal mesostructured strategy.Electrochemical test results reveal that the Mo-Co2 P@rGO electrode exhibits superior activity with overpotentials of204 mV and Tafel slope of 88 mV/dec for HER at 10 mA/cm^2,relative to the Co2 P@rGO electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.This improvement could be ascribed to the Mo doping,which results in more active sites,higher electrical conductivity and faster electron-transfer rates.This versatile strategy will provide a promising pathway for transition metal-doped compounds as an efficient catalyst.

Metastable Face-Centered Cubic Structure and Structural Transition of Sn on 2H-NbSe2(0001)

Surface structures and properties of Sn islands grown on superconducting substrate 2H-NbSe2（0001）are studied using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy or spectroscopy.The pure face-centered cubic（fee）structure of Sn surface is obtained.Superconductivity is also detected on the fcc-Sn（111）surface,and the size of superconducting gap on the Sn surface is nearly the same as that on the superconducting substrate.Furthermore,phase transition occurs from fcc-Sn（111）toβ-Sn（001）by keeping the sample at room temperature for a certain time.Due to the strain relaxation on theβ-Sn islands,both the in-plane unit cell and out-of-plane structures distort,and the height of surface atoms varies periodically to form a universal ripple structure.

Surface Structure and Reconstructions of HgTe(111)Surfaces

Hg Te(111)surface is comprehensively studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STS).In addition to th√e prim√itive(1×1)√hexagonal lattice,six reconstructed surface structures are observed:(2×2),2×1,4×1,3×(1/2)3,2(1/2)2×2 and(1/2)11×2.The(2×2)reconstructed lattice maintains the primitive hexagonal symmetry,whi√le the lattices of the other five reconstructions are rectangular.Moreover,the topographic features of the3×(1/2)3 reconstruction are bias dependent,indicating that they have both topographic and electronic origins.The STSs obtained at different reconstructed surfaces show a universal dip feature with size~100 mV,which may be attributed to the surface distortion.Our results reveal the atomic structure and complex reconstructions of the cleaved Hg Te(111)surfaces,which paves the way to understand the rich properties of Hg Te crystal.

Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dialkyl Imines

Asymmetric hydrogenation of dialkyl imines to chiral amines is difficult because the two alkyls of imines are so similar in spatial and electronic structure that chiral catalysts are difficult to distinguish between them.In this study,we described an asymmetric hydrogenation of dialkyl imines by a chiral iridium catalyst containing spiro phosphine-amine-phosphine ligand.By precisely adjusting the chiral pocket of catalyst,a highly efficient catalyst was developed.Using this catalyst,a variety of dialkyl imines were hydrogenated to chiral amines with high yield and enantioselectivity.