UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further applic...UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further application. Here, we designed a facile precipitation-photoreduction method to post-synthetically decorate Ag/AgCl on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 and form a heterostructure. Metallic Ag can not only transmit electrons between UiO-66-NH2 and AgCl but also absorb visible light, because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The rhodamine B photodegradation rate of UiO-66-NH2/Ag/AgCl (16.2 wt.% Ag) is about 10 and 4 times those of UiO-66-NH2 and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The SPR effect of Ag NPs and the formation of a heterostructure synergistically increase the absorbability of visible light, accelerate the separation of photoinduced charges, and promote the formation of superoxide radicals. We expect that our work could provide a new viewpoint for constructing efficient MOF-based photocatalytic systems.展开更多
Microwave-induced metal discharge(MMD)technology offers a novel methodology for efficient gas-phase catalytic reaction due to its unique heating effect,plasma effect and discharge effect.Herein,we successfully used a ...Microwave-induced metal discharge(MMD)technology offers a novel methodology for efficient gas-phase catalytic reaction due to its unique heating effect,plasma effect and discharge effect.Herein,we successfully used a special kind of uniformly distributed particles with synergistic microwave-induced fluidized-metal discharge(MFD)effect.A lab-scale atmospheric quartz tube fluidized bed reactor was designed.Apparatus like highspeed camera,fiber spectrometer and infrared thermometer were used to record the discharge phenomena.The effects of operating conditions such as gas velocity,microwave power,carrier gas type,and metal type on the discharge behavior were investigated in detail.Subsequently,the MFD was applied into the methane dry reform reaction(MDR)with excellent conversion compared with the conventional heating conditions.Gratifyingly,the metal particles can both be the converter of microwave and the catalyst of the reaction.The reported conclusion provides a novel way to intensification the reaction process and utilize microwave energy.展开更多
Ionic liquids(ILs)have shown excellent performance in the separation of binary azeotropes through extractive distillation[1].But the role of the ionic liquid in azeotropic system is not well understood.In this paper,C...Ionic liquids(ILs)have shown excellent performance in the separation of binary azeotropes through extractive distillation[1].But the role of the ionic liquid in azeotropic system is not well understood.In this paper,COSMO-RS model was applied to screen an appropriate IL to separate the binary azeotrope of ethyl acetate(EA)and ethanol and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([OMIM][BF4])was selected.The Quantum Mechanics(QM)calculations and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation are performed to study the interactions between the solvent molecules and[OMIM][BF4],in order to investigate the separation mechanism at the molecular level.The nature of the interactions is studied through the reduced density gradient(RDG)function and quantum theory of Atom in Molecule(QTAIM).Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are the key interactions in the complexes.The results of MD simulations indicate that the introduction of ILs has a prominent effect on the interaction between the solvent molecules,especially on reducing the number of hydrogen bonds among the solvent molecules.The radial distribution function(RDF)reveals that the interaction between the cation and solvent molecules will increase while the concentration of ILs increases.This paper provides important information for understanding the role of ILs in the separation of the azeotropic system,which is valuable to the development of new entrainers.展开更多
The concept of process intensification(PI) has absorbed diverse definitions and stays true to the mission—'do more with less', which is an approach purposed by chemical engineers to solve the global energy &a...The concept of process intensification(PI) has absorbed diverse definitions and stays true to the mission—'do more with less', which is an approach purposed by chemical engineers to solve the global energy & environment problems. To date, the focus of PI has been on processes mainly involving vapor/liquid systems. Based on the fundamental principles of vapor–liquid mass transfer process like distillation and absorption, there are three strategies to intensify interphase mass transfer: enhancing the overall driving force, improving the mass transfer coefficient and enlarging the vapor–liquid interfacial area. More specifically, this article herein provides an overview of various technologies to strengthen the vapor–liquid mass transfer, including application of external fields, addition of third substances, micro-chemical technology and usage of solid foam, with the objective to contribute to the future developments and potential applications of PI in scientific research and industrial sectors.展开更多
Tuning metal-support interactions(MSIs)is an important strategy in heterogeneous catalysis to realize the desirable metal dispersion and redox ability of metal catalysts.Herein,we use pre-reduced Co_(3)O_(4)nanowires(...Tuning metal-support interactions(MSIs)is an important strategy in heterogeneous catalysis to realize the desirable metal dispersion and redox ability of metal catalysts.Herein,we use pre-reduced Co_(3)O_(4)nanowires(Co-NWs)in situ grown on monolithic Ni foam substrates to support Ag catalysts(Ag/Co-NW-R)for soot combustion.The macroporous structure of Ni foam with crossed Co_(3)O_(4)nanowires remarkably increases the soot-catalyst contact effi ciency.Our characterization results demonstrate that Ag species exist as Ag 0 because of the equation Ag^(+)+Co^(2+)=Ag^(0)+Co^(3+),and the pre-reduction treatment enhances interactions between Ag and Co_(3)O_(4).The number of active oxygen species on the Ag-loaded catalysts is approximately twice that on the supports,demonstrating the signifi cant role of Ag sites in generating active oxygen species.Additionally,the strengthened MSI on Ag/Co-NW-R further improves this number by increasing metal dispersion and the intrinsic activity determined by the turnover frequency of these oxygen species for soot oxidation compared with the catalyst without pre-reduction of Co-NW(Ag/Co-NW).In addition to high activity,Ag/Co-NW-R exhibits high catalytic stability and water resistance.The strategy used in this work might be applicable in related catalytic systems.展开更多
The development trend of Fischer–Tropsch(F–T)technology is to develop high value-added products.The separation of linearα-olefns with low cost is an efective method.Nevertheless,the lack of thermodynamic data and t...The development trend of Fischer–Tropsch(F–T)technology is to develop high value-added products.The separation of linearα-olefns with low cost is an efective method.Nevertheless,the lack of thermodynamic data and the huge energy consumption are the two main problems restricting the development of the separation process.The thermodynamic data of the key components(1-dodecene and n-dodecane)in the F–T product were measured.The Wilson binary interaction parameters of the key components were obtained.Next,one traditional distillation column sequence and two dividing wall column(DWC)sequences were designed to separate the F–T heavy oil to obtain narrow fractions with diferent carbon numbers.Then,the obtained fractions of C10 and C12 were simulated to obtain 1-decene and 1-dodecene,respectively.There was a traditional distillation and a diferential pressure thermal coupling distillation process.When separating 95.0%purity 1-decene and 1-octene,the direct DWC process and diferential pressure thermal coupled distillation are an excellent combination,which can reduce the energy by 33.1%(i.e.,11,286 kW)and total annual cost by 15.9%(i.e.,3.96×10^(6)$)compared with traditional distillation.展开更多
A hybrid multiphase model is developed to simulate the simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous catalyzed reaction in structured catalytic porous materials. The approach relies on the combinatio...A hybrid multiphase model is developed to simulate the simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous catalyzed reaction in structured catalytic porous materials. The approach relies on the combination of the volume of fluid(VOF) and Eulerian–Eulerian models, and several plug-in field functions. The VOF method is used to capture the gas–liquid interface motion, and the Eulerian–Eulerian framework solves the temperature and chemical species concentration equations for each phase.The self-defined field functions utilize a single-domain approach to overcome convergence difficulty when applying the hybrid multiphase for a multi-domain problem. The method is then applied to investigate selective removal of specific species in multicomponent reactive evaporation process. The results show that the coupling of catalytic reaction and interface species mass transfer at the phase interface is conditional, and the coupling of catalytic reaction and momentum transfer across fluid–porous interface significantly affects the conversion rate of reactants. Based on the numerical results, a strategy is proposed for matching solid catalyst with operating condition in catalytic distillation application.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such ...Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).Herein,we engineered ruthenium(Ru)FTS catalysts supported on N-doped carbon overlayers on TiO_(2)nanoparticles.By regulating the carbonization temperatures,we successfully controlled the types and contents of N dopants to identify their impacts on metal-support interactions(MSI).Our fi ndings revealed that N dopants establish a favorable surface environment for electron transfer from the support to the Ru species.Moreover,pyridinic N demonstrates the highest electron-donating ability,followed by pyrrolic N and graphitic N.In addition to realizing excellent catalytic stability,strengthening the interaction between Ru sites and N dopants increases the Ru^(0)/Ru^(δ+)ratios to enlarge the active site numbers and surface electron density of Ru species to enhance the strength of adsorbed CO.Consequently,it improves the catalyst’s overall performance,encompassing intrinsic and apparent activities,as well as its ability for carbon chain growth.Accordingly,the as-synthesized Ru/TiO_(2)@CN-700 catalyst with abundant pyridine N dopants exhibits a superhigh C_(5+)time yield of 219.4 mol CO/(mol Ru·h)and C_(5+)selectivity of 85.5%.展开更多
Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer healt...Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer health.In this study,a high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was used to analyze the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid(PA),stearic acid(SA),oleic acid(OA),linoleic acid(LA),linolenic acid(LNA),and oil content(OC).A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in the genetic map linkage analysis,which shared six bin intervals.Among them,the bin interval on chromosome 13(bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125)was found to include stable QTLs in multiple environments that were linked to OA,LA,and LNA.Eight differentially expressed genes(DEGs)within these QTL intervals were determined as candidate genes according to the combination of parental resequencing,bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data.All these results are conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food,and provide the genetic basis for mining genes related to the fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.展开更多
Zeolite catalysts,such as H-mordenite(H-MOR),are readily deactivated by coke deposition in carbonylation reactions.Pyridine modification of H-MOR can improve its stability but can lead to an undesirable loss in cataly...Zeolite catalysts,such as H-mordenite(H-MOR),are readily deactivated by coke deposition in carbonylation reactions.Pyridine modification of H-MOR can improve its stability but can lead to an undesirable loss in catalytic activity.Herein,we report the intrinsic impact of the pyridine adsorption behavior on H-MOR and the spacial hindrance of the zeolite frameworks on dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation at a molecular level.We discovered that acid sites at O2 positions,located on common walls of eight-membered ring(8-MR)side pockets and 12-MR channels,were active in DME carbonylation,but were unfortunately poisoned during pyridine modification.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the pyridine-poisoned acid sites at the O2 positions could be easily regenerated due to the spacial hindrance of the zeolite frameworks.Accordingly,they can be facilely regenerated by proper thermal treatment,which induces 60%promotion in the catalytic activity along with a high stability.Our findings demonstrate the determining role of O2 positions in H-MOR for DME carbonylation and provide a new avenue for the rational design of other efficient zeolite-relevant catalytic systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is closely correlated with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are still poorly...BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is closely correlated with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vivo experiment based on genetically engineered animals was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, between June 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS: TNF-α transgenic rats (Xenogen Biosciences in Cranbury, New Jersey, USA) were utilized in this study. METHODS: TNF-α transgenic (tg) and wild-type (WT) rats underwent a complete single-level laminectomy at the 10^th thoracic vertebra (T10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor function of rat hindlimb was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hindlimb locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluation of spinal cord tissue loss was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and TNF receptors (TNFRs) was performed on spinal cord tissue sections. TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the supernatant were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rat NGF or BDNF, respectively. The rats were injected subcutaneously with etanercept to verify that TNF-α was the direct effect of the modulation of behavioral and neurodegenerative outcomes in the TNF-α tg rats. RESULTS: TNF-α tg rats showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord prior to SCI. TNF-α tg rats showed worse motor deficits than WT rats in the acute period (〈 3 days) after SCI (P 〈 0.01), while in the chronic period, TNF-α tg rats exhibited persistent elevated baseline levels of TNF-α mRNA and improved recovery in motor function and tissue healing compared to WT rats (P 〈 0.01 ). Following SCI, the number of microglia/macrophages in TNF-α tg rat was always greater than in WT rat (P 〈 0.01). There were no significant differences in NGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant of spinal cord homogenates. TNFR1 expression was significantly greater in the TNF-α tg rats compared to the WT rats (P 〈 0.01). However, TNFR2 expression did not reveal a significant increase in the TNF-α tg rats compared to the WT rats. Finally, treatment with etanercept reduced injury acutely, but exacerbated the injury chronically. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of TNF-α is deleterious in the acute phase, but beneficial in the chronic phase in the response to SCI. The role of TNF-α post-injury may depend on TNF-α expression in the spinal cord and its differential binding to TNFRI. Our observations may have clinical relevance that antagonists or inhibitors of TNF-α could be administered within the early time window post-injury, and appropriate amounts of TNF-α could be administered during the chronic stage, in order to improve the final neurological recovery in patients with SCI.展开更多
Herein,we report the excellent De-NO_(x)performance of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSM)perovskite-supported Pd catalysts(Pd-LSM)in alternating lean-burn/fuel-rich atmospheres using C3H6 as reductant and describe the in situ activa...Herein,we report the excellent De-NO_(x)performance of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSM)perovskite-supported Pd catalysts(Pd-LSM)in alternating lean-burn/fuel-rich atmospheres using C3H6 as reductant and describe the in situ activation of the Pd catalysts via metal-support interaction(MSI)tuning.The NO_(x)reduction conversion of the Pd-LSM catalyst increased significantly from 56.1%to 90.1%and the production of N2O was suppressed.Our results demonstrated that this behavior was mainly attributed to the in situ transformation of Pd2+into Pd0 during the reaction.The generated Pd0 species could readily activate the C3H6 reductant and achieve an eight-fold higher turnover frequency than Pd2+for the reduction of NO_(x).Moreover,excessive MSIs inhibited the in situ generation of Pd0,and thereby,lowered the De-NO_(x)activity of the catalyst even at high Pd dispersion.In addition,the Pd-LSM catalysts exhibited much higher S tolerance than conventional Al_(2)O_(3)-supported catalysts.Our study provides a new approach for analyzing and designing highly active metal catalysts operated under dynamic alternating oxidizing/reducing atmospheric conditions.展开更多
The 7th Global Chinese Chemical Engineers Symposium was held in Tianjin,China on July 12–15,2015.The symposium was hosted by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),and School...The 7th Global Chinese Chemical Engineers Symposium was held in Tianjin,China on July 12–15,2015.The symposium was hosted by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),and School of Chemical Engineering&Technology,Tianjin University.It was co-organized by the National Engineering展开更多
For supported metal catalyst systems,the impact on catalysis originates from the interaction between metal nanoparticles and their support.Metal-support interactions(MSI)can change electronic properties,geometric morp...For supported metal catalyst systems,the impact on catalysis originates from the interaction between metal nanoparticles and their support.Metal-support interactions(MSI)can change electronic properties,geometric morphologies,or chemical compositions of metal nanoparticles to make active sites have specific properties and catalytic activities.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)is one of the most effective ways to convert cheap non-petroleum-based carbon sources into high value-added chemicals or ultraclean liquid fuels.In this review,we summarize and classify the impact of MSI on the catalytic activity,selectivity and stability of FTS catalysts.The strategies to tune MSI are introduced in detail,and the recent development of high-efficiency FTS catalysts through the manipulation of SMI strategies has been highlighted.It is emphasized that the active metal sites,which are endowed with special functions by MSI,can change the strength of adsorption bond of adsorbates,consequently controlling the product distribution.展开更多
Herein, we prepared a series of H-Zn-mordenite (H-Zn-MOR) catalysts by adding zinc source into the initial sols during the synthesis of mordenite (MOR). The results indicated that isolated Zn ions were highly disperse...Herein, we prepared a series of H-Zn-mordenite (H-Zn-MOR) catalysts by adding zinc source into the initial sols during the synthesis of mordenite (MOR). The results indicated that isolated Zn ions were highly dispersed in the catalysts. The addition of zinc led to the increase of Si/Al in the framework of MOR,the change of the distribution of acid sites and the change of acid strength. We investigated the catalytic performance of the H-Zn-MOR catalysts and the HMOR catalysts for carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The addition of zinc improved the catalytic performance and made the drop of the conversion over the Zn-0.003 and Zn-0.005 catalysts to be about the half of that over the HMOR catalyst.We attributed it to the change of the acid properties, which further change the rate of coke deposition.展开更多
A computational model for an ozone oxidation column reactor used in dyeing wastewater treatment is proposed to represent,simulate,and predict the ozone bubble process.Considering the hydrodynamics,mass transfer,and oz...A computational model for an ozone oxidation column reactor used in dyeing wastewater treatment is proposed to represent,simulate,and predict the ozone bubble process.Considering the hydrodynamics,mass transfer,and ozone oxidation reaction,coupling modeling can more realistically calculate the ozone oxidation bubble process than the splitting methods proposed in previous research.The modeling is validated and shows great consistency with experimental data.The verified model is used to analyze the effect of operating conditions,such as the initial gas velocity and the ozone concentration,and structural conditions,such as multiple gas inlets.The ozone consumption is influenced by the gas velocity and the initial ozone concentration.The ozone’s utilization decreases with the increasing gas velocity while nearly the same at different initial ozone concentrations.Simulation results can be used in guiding the practical operation of dyeing wastewater treatment and in other ozonation systems with known rate constants in wastewater treatment.展开更多
As the largest jujube cultivating areas of the world,the market price and quality of Chinese jujube are obviously affected by its producing regions in China.Therefore,traceability of Chinese jujube has become an impor...As the largest jujube cultivating areas of the world,the market price and quality of Chinese jujube are obviously affected by its producing regions in China.Therefore,traceability of Chinese jujube has become an important issue.To search the suitable geographical labels of Chinese jujube,26 major cultivars from five geographical regions of China were investigated by evaluating their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity profiling.Multivariate statistical techniques(e,g.,PCA,PLS,VIP value)applied to the above-obtained data were further used to identify geographical origin in different areas of Chinese jujube.The results indicated that the highest median contents of total phenols(TP)and flavonoids(TF)of Chinese jujube were originated from Ningxia and Henan provinces,both of which also exhibited the stronger bioactivity.p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin exhibited the highest contents among the all detected individual phenolic compounds.The highest median contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)and polysaccharides were all found in Chinese jujube samples of Xinjiang province.In particular,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,rutin,cAMP,cGMP and polysaccharides can be regarded as the potential biomarkers in distinguishing the geographical origin of Chinese jujube.Additionally,the high altitude and latitude might be benefit for the accumulation of cAMP,cGMP and polysaccharides(primary metabolites),and high longitude and annual precipitation maybe improve the contents of TP and TF(secondary metabolites).These information could provide an effective methods in distinguishing the geographical features of Chinese jujube,and also be benefit for the products development.展开更多
Jujube is one of the most produced dried fruits in China,and it is also a traditional Chinese medicine that enhances immunity and has anti-cancer activity.Jujube fruit is rich in phenolic compounds,but few reports are...Jujube is one of the most produced dried fruits in China,and it is also a traditional Chinese medicine that enhances immunity and has anti-cancer activity.Jujube fruit is rich in phenolic compounds,but few reports are available on its biological activities.To evaluate the biological activities of the phenolic compounds in dried jujube fruit,the composition and content of metabolites in dried jujube fruit were determined by metabolomics,and the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the phenolic compounds were analyzed in dried jujube fruit.The results showed that 463 compounds were identified in dried‘Junzao’fruit,including 102 phenolic compounds.The in vitro activity test showed that the jujube phenolic metabolites had extensive antibacterial effects and caused disruption and nuclear sclerosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HepG2)cells.Canonical correlation analysis showed that total phenolic content,quercetin-3-rutinose,and procyanidin B1 were the main active antibacterial and anticancer components.The study provides data supporting the application of dried jujube fruit in the development of functional foods,pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.展开更多
Herein, we report the effects of doped K and Al on the carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance of the Li4SiO4-based adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.8 wt% K and 1.5 wt% AI doped Li4SiO4 is ~2.2 time...Herein, we report the effects of doped K and Al on the carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance of the Li4SiO4-based adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.8 wt% K and 1.5 wt% AI doped Li4SiO4 is ~2.2 times and ~1.3 times higher than that of the pristine Li4SiO4 at 500 and 600℃, respectively. The kinetic study further indicated that the reaction rates of the lithium diffusion process is greatly improved by K and AI doping, and the lithium diffusion rate of 0.8 wt% K and 1.5 wt% AI doped Li4SiO4 is ~2 times higher than that of the pristine Li4SiO4 at 575-650 ℃. K and AI doping increases the adsorption capacity of Li4SiO4-based adsorbents, and widens its effective adsorption temperature range展开更多
In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehi...In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehicles;moreover,lane contraflow can be adopted to meet these surge traffic demands.However,lane contraflow that provides more roads for rescue vehicles reduces the traffic supply in the evacuation direction.It is unclear how to control the number of contraflow roads used by rescue vehicles to coordinate evacuation and rescue traffic operations.Here,we adjust the critical rescue traffic volume of reversing the normal road traffic direction to control rescue contraflow.Additionally,we propose a multiobjective mixed integer linear programming formulation for evacuation and rescue traffic optimization.Additionally,considering that the upper limit of the critical rescue traffic volume is unknown and that the proposed formulation includes multiple objectives and multi-priority vehicle classes,a three-stage solving algorithm is developed.Next,a large-scale evacuation and rescue traffic optimization result dataset is obtained for the Nguyen–Dupuis road network,and the impact of different rescue contraflow control plans on evacuation and rescue traffic is studied based on data-driven sta-tistical analysis.The results show that by adjusting the optimal rescue traffic route,the critical rescue traffic volume for reversing the normal road traffic direction can reduce the interference of rescue traffic to evacuation traffic operation performance without reducing rescue traffic operation performance,and can be used to coor-dinate evacuation and rescue traffic operation under rescue contraflow.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676182)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB932403)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(B06006)
文摘UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further application. Here, we designed a facile precipitation-photoreduction method to post-synthetically decorate Ag/AgCl on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 and form a heterostructure. Metallic Ag can not only transmit electrons between UiO-66-NH2 and AgCl but also absorb visible light, because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The rhodamine B photodegradation rate of UiO-66-NH2/Ag/AgCl (16.2 wt.% Ag) is about 10 and 4 times those of UiO-66-NH2 and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The SPR effect of Ag NPs and the formation of a heterostructure synergistically increase the absorbability of visible light, accelerate the separation of photoinduced charges, and promote the formation of superoxide radicals. We expect that our work could provide a new viewpoint for constructing efficient MOF-based photocatalytic systems.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878219)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0604900).
文摘Microwave-induced metal discharge(MMD)technology offers a novel methodology for efficient gas-phase catalytic reaction due to its unique heating effect,plasma effect and discharge effect.Herein,we successfully used a special kind of uniformly distributed particles with synergistic microwave-induced fluidized-metal discharge(MFD)effect.A lab-scale atmospheric quartz tube fluidized bed reactor was designed.Apparatus like highspeed camera,fiber spectrometer and infrared thermometer were used to record the discharge phenomena.The effects of operating conditions such as gas velocity,microwave power,carrier gas type,and metal type on the discharge behavior were investigated in detail.Subsequently,the MFD was applied into the methane dry reform reaction(MDR)with excellent conversion compared with the conventional heating conditions.Gratifyingly,the metal particles can both be the converter of microwave and the catalyst of the reaction.The reported conclusion provides a novel way to intensification the reaction process and utilize microwave energy.
基金support from the Program for the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21878219)+1 种基金the financial support by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada(RGPIN-4903-2014)China Scholarship Council(CSC)for supporting his doctoral study at McMaster University(No.201500090106)
文摘Ionic liquids(ILs)have shown excellent performance in the separation of binary azeotropes through extractive distillation[1].But the role of the ionic liquid in azeotropic system is not well understood.In this paper,COSMO-RS model was applied to screen an appropriate IL to separate the binary azeotrope of ethyl acetate(EA)and ethanol and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([OMIM][BF4])was selected.The Quantum Mechanics(QM)calculations and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation are performed to study the interactions between the solvent molecules and[OMIM][BF4],in order to investigate the separation mechanism at the molecular level.The nature of the interactions is studied through the reduced density gradient(RDG)function and quantum theory of Atom in Molecule(QTAIM).Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are the key interactions in the complexes.The results of MD simulations indicate that the introduction of ILs has a prominent effect on the interaction between the solvent molecules,especially on reducing the number of hydrogen bonds among the solvent molecules.The radial distribution function(RDF)reveals that the interaction between the cation and solvent molecules will increase while the concentration of ILs increases.This paper provides important information for understanding the role of ILs in the separation of the azeotropic system,which is valuable to the development of new entrainers.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0604903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776202,21336007)Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2015ZX07202-013)
文摘The concept of process intensification(PI) has absorbed diverse definitions and stays true to the mission—'do more with less', which is an approach purposed by chemical engineers to solve the global energy & environment problems. To date, the focus of PI has been on processes mainly involving vapor/liquid systems. Based on the fundamental principles of vapor–liquid mass transfer process like distillation and absorption, there are three strategies to intensify interphase mass transfer: enhancing the overall driving force, improving the mass transfer coefficient and enlarging the vapor–liquid interfacial area. More specifically, this article herein provides an overview of various technologies to strengthen the vapor–liquid mass transfer, including application of external fields, addition of third substances, micro-chemical technology and usage of solid foam, with the objective to contribute to the future developments and potential applications of PI in scientific research and industrial sectors.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878213,21808211)the open foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineer-ing(SKL-ChE-20B01)Authors are also grateful to the Program of Introducing Talents of Disciplines to China Universities(BP0618007).
文摘Tuning metal-support interactions(MSIs)is an important strategy in heterogeneous catalysis to realize the desirable metal dispersion and redox ability of metal catalysts.Herein,we use pre-reduced Co_(3)O_(4)nanowires(Co-NWs)in situ grown on monolithic Ni foam substrates to support Ag catalysts(Ag/Co-NW-R)for soot combustion.The macroporous structure of Ni foam with crossed Co_(3)O_(4)nanowires remarkably increases the soot-catalyst contact effi ciency.Our characterization results demonstrate that Ag species exist as Ag 0 because of the equation Ag^(+)+Co^(2+)=Ag^(0)+Co^(3+),and the pre-reduction treatment enhances interactions between Ag and Co_(3)O_(4).The number of active oxygen species on the Ag-loaded catalysts is approximately twice that on the supports,demonstrating the signifi cant role of Ag sites in generating active oxygen species.Additionally,the strengthened MSI on Ag/Co-NW-R further improves this number by increasing metal dispersion and the intrinsic activity determined by the turnover frequency of these oxygen species for soot oxidation compared with the catalyst without pre-reduction of Co-NW(Ag/Co-NW).In addition to high activity,Ag/Co-NW-R exhibits high catalytic stability and water resistance.The strategy used in this work might be applicable in related catalytic systems.
基金Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the fnancial support from the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(Nos.2018BDE02057,2019NDYFLX0001)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.The authors also thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions.
文摘The development trend of Fischer–Tropsch(F–T)technology is to develop high value-added products.The separation of linearα-olefns with low cost is an efective method.Nevertheless,the lack of thermodynamic data and the huge energy consumption are the two main problems restricting the development of the separation process.The thermodynamic data of the key components(1-dodecene and n-dodecane)in the F–T product were measured.The Wilson binary interaction parameters of the key components were obtained.Next,one traditional distillation column sequence and two dividing wall column(DWC)sequences were designed to separate the F–T heavy oil to obtain narrow fractions with diferent carbon numbers.Then,the obtained fractions of C10 and C12 were simulated to obtain 1-decene and 1-dodecene,respectively.There was a traditional distillation and a diferential pressure thermal coupling distillation process.When separating 95.0%purity 1-decene and 1-octene,the direct DWC process and diferential pressure thermal coupled distillation are an excellent combination,which can reduce the energy by 33.1%(i.e.,11,286 kW)and total annual cost by 15.9%(i.e.,3.96×10^(6)$)compared with traditional distillation.
基金financial support from the National Key Resaerch and Development Program of China (2019YFE0123200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21776202)。
文摘A hybrid multiphase model is developed to simulate the simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous catalyzed reaction in structured catalytic porous materials. The approach relies on the combination of the volume of fluid(VOF) and Eulerian–Eulerian models, and several plug-in field functions. The VOF method is used to capture the gas–liquid interface motion, and the Eulerian–Eulerian framework solves the temperature and chemical species concentration equations for each phase.The self-defined field functions utilize a single-domain approach to overcome convergence difficulty when applying the hybrid multiphase for a multi-domain problem. The method is then applied to investigate selective removal of specific species in multicomponent reactive evaporation process. The results show that the coupling of catalytic reaction and interface species mass transfer at the phase interface is conditional, and the coupling of catalytic reaction and momentum transfer across fluid–porous interface significantly affects the conversion rate of reactants. Based on the numerical results, a strategy is proposed for matching solid catalyst with operating condition in catalytic distillation application.
基金the financial support from by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4101800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278298)Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(No.BP0618007).
文摘Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).Herein,we engineered ruthenium(Ru)FTS catalysts supported on N-doped carbon overlayers on TiO_(2)nanoparticles.By regulating the carbonization temperatures,we successfully controlled the types and contents of N dopants to identify their impacts on metal-support interactions(MSI).Our fi ndings revealed that N dopants establish a favorable surface environment for electron transfer from the support to the Ru species.Moreover,pyridinic N demonstrates the highest electron-donating ability,followed by pyrrolic N and graphitic N.In addition to realizing excellent catalytic stability,strengthening the interaction between Ru sites and N dopants increases the Ru^(0)/Ru^(δ+)ratios to enlarge the active site numbers and surface electron density of Ru species to enhance the strength of adsorbed CO.Consequently,it improves the catalyst’s overall performance,encompassing intrinsic and apparent activities,as well as its ability for carbon chain growth.Accordingly,the as-synthesized Ru/TiO_(2)@CN-700 catalyst with abundant pyridine N dopants exhibits a superhigh C_(5+)time yield of 219.4 mol CO/(mol Ru·h)and C_(5+)selectivity of 85.5%.
基金supported by funding from the Seed Industry Revitalization Plan of Guangdong Province,China(2022-NPY-00-007)the Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory,China(B21HJ0901 and B23C1000416)+5 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2020B020220008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971966and 31971965)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-04-PS09)the National Key Research and Development Projects,China(2018YFE0116900-06)Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project,China(2019KJ136-03)the Sanya Science and Technology Innovation Special Project,China(2022KJCX11)。
文摘Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer health.In this study,a high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was used to analyze the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid(PA),stearic acid(SA),oleic acid(OA),linoleic acid(LA),linolenic acid(LNA),and oil content(OC).A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in the genetic map linkage analysis,which shared six bin intervals.Among them,the bin interval on chromosome 13(bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125)was found to include stable QTLs in multiple environments that were linked to OA,LA,and LNA.Eight differentially expressed genes(DEGs)within these QTL intervals were determined as candidate genes according to the combination of parental resequencing,bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data.All these results are conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food,and provide the genetic basis for mining genes related to the fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476159,21676182)~~
文摘Zeolite catalysts,such as H-mordenite(H-MOR),are readily deactivated by coke deposition in carbonylation reactions.Pyridine modification of H-MOR can improve its stability but can lead to an undesirable loss in catalytic activity.Herein,we report the intrinsic impact of the pyridine adsorption behavior on H-MOR and the spacial hindrance of the zeolite frameworks on dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation at a molecular level.We discovered that acid sites at O2 positions,located on common walls of eight-membered ring(8-MR)side pockets and 12-MR channels,were active in DME carbonylation,but were unfortunately poisoned during pyridine modification.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the pyridine-poisoned acid sites at the O2 positions could be easily regenerated due to the spacial hindrance of the zeolite frameworks.Accordingly,they can be facilely regenerated by proper thermal treatment,which induces 60%promotion in the catalytic activity along with a high stability.Our findings demonstrate the determining role of O2 positions in H-MOR for DME carbonylation and provide a new avenue for the rational design of other efficient zeolite-relevant catalytic systems.
基金the ES016774-01A1VA Merit Award and National Science Foundation EPSCoR grant, No. EPS-0132573+1 种基金EPS-0447660 (MSK)NS050452-05 (JJH)
文摘BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is closely correlated with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vivo experiment based on genetically engineered animals was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, between June 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS: TNF-α transgenic rats (Xenogen Biosciences in Cranbury, New Jersey, USA) were utilized in this study. METHODS: TNF-α transgenic (tg) and wild-type (WT) rats underwent a complete single-level laminectomy at the 10^th thoracic vertebra (T10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor function of rat hindlimb was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hindlimb locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluation of spinal cord tissue loss was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and TNF receptors (TNFRs) was performed on spinal cord tissue sections. TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the supernatant were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rat NGF or BDNF, respectively. The rats were injected subcutaneously with etanercept to verify that TNF-α was the direct effect of the modulation of behavioral and neurodegenerative outcomes in the TNF-α tg rats. RESULTS: TNF-α tg rats showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord prior to SCI. TNF-α tg rats showed worse motor deficits than WT rats in the acute period (〈 3 days) after SCI (P 〈 0.01), while in the chronic period, TNF-α tg rats exhibited persistent elevated baseline levels of TNF-α mRNA and improved recovery in motor function and tissue healing compared to WT rats (P 〈 0.01 ). Following SCI, the number of microglia/macrophages in TNF-α tg rat was always greater than in WT rat (P 〈 0.01). There were no significant differences in NGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant of spinal cord homogenates. TNFR1 expression was significantly greater in the TNF-α tg rats compared to the WT rats (P 〈 0.01). However, TNFR2 expression did not reveal a significant increase in the TNF-α tg rats compared to the WT rats. Finally, treatment with etanercept reduced injury acutely, but exacerbated the injury chronically. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of TNF-α is deleterious in the acute phase, but beneficial in the chronic phase in the response to SCI. The role of TNF-α post-injury may depend on TNF-α expression in the spinal cord and its differential binding to TNFRI. Our observations may have clinical relevance that antagonists or inhibitors of TNF-α could be administered within the early time window post-injury, and appropriate amounts of TNF-α could be administered during the chronic stage, in order to improve the final neurological recovery in patients with SCI.
文摘Herein,we report the excellent De-NO_(x)performance of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSM)perovskite-supported Pd catalysts(Pd-LSM)in alternating lean-burn/fuel-rich atmospheres using C3H6 as reductant and describe the in situ activation of the Pd catalysts via metal-support interaction(MSI)tuning.The NO_(x)reduction conversion of the Pd-LSM catalyst increased significantly from 56.1%to 90.1%and the production of N2O was suppressed.Our results demonstrated that this behavior was mainly attributed to the in situ transformation of Pd2+into Pd0 during the reaction.The generated Pd0 species could readily activate the C3H6 reductant and achieve an eight-fold higher turnover frequency than Pd2+for the reduction of NO_(x).Moreover,excessive MSIs inhibited the in situ generation of Pd0,and thereby,lowered the De-NO_(x)activity of the catalyst even at high Pd dispersion.In addition,the Pd-LSM catalysts exhibited much higher S tolerance than conventional Al_(2)O_(3)-supported catalysts.Our study provides a new approach for analyzing and designing highly active metal catalysts operated under dynamic alternating oxidizing/reducing atmospheric conditions.
文摘The 7th Global Chinese Chemical Engineers Symposium was held in Tianjin,China on July 12–15,2015.The symposium was hosted by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),and School of Chemical Engineering&Technology,Tianjin University.It was co-organized by the National Engineering
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676182 and 21476159)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(BP0618007)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2020-KF-26)open foundation of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-20B01)。
文摘For supported metal catalyst systems,the impact on catalysis originates from the interaction between metal nanoparticles and their support.Metal-support interactions(MSI)can change electronic properties,geometric morphologies,or chemical compositions of metal nanoparticles to make active sites have specific properties and catalytic activities.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)is one of the most effective ways to convert cheap non-petroleum-based carbon sources into high value-added chemicals or ultraclean liquid fuels.In this review,we summarize and classify the impact of MSI on the catalytic activity,selectivity and stability of FTS catalysts.The strategies to tune MSI are introduced in detail,and the recent development of high-efficiency FTS catalysts through the manipulation of SMI strategies has been highlighted.It is emphasized that the active metal sites,which are endowed with special functions by MSI,can change the strength of adsorption bond of adsorbates,consequently controlling the product distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21476159, 21676182)the 973 Program (No.2014CB932403)authors are also grateful to the Program of Introducing Talents of Disciplines to China Universities(No. B06006)
文摘Herein, we prepared a series of H-Zn-mordenite (H-Zn-MOR) catalysts by adding zinc source into the initial sols during the synthesis of mordenite (MOR). The results indicated that isolated Zn ions were highly dispersed in the catalysts. The addition of zinc led to the increase of Si/Al in the framework of MOR,the change of the distribution of acid sites and the change of acid strength. We investigated the catalytic performance of the H-Zn-MOR catalysts and the HMOR catalysts for carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The addition of zinc improved the catalytic performance and made the drop of the conversion over the Zn-0.003 and Zn-0.005 catalysts to be about the half of that over the HMOR catalyst.We attributed it to the change of the acid properties, which further change the rate of coke deposition.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0604900)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(Grant No.2015ZX07202-013).
文摘A computational model for an ozone oxidation column reactor used in dyeing wastewater treatment is proposed to represent,simulate,and predict the ozone bubble process.Considering the hydrodynamics,mass transfer,and ozone oxidation reaction,coupling modeling can more realistically calculate the ozone oxidation bubble process than the splitting methods proposed in previous research.The modeling is validated and shows great consistency with experimental data.The verified model is used to analyze the effect of operating conditions,such as the initial gas velocity and the ozone concentration,and structural conditions,such as multiple gas inlets.The ozone consumption is influenced by the gas velocity and the initial ozone concentration.The ozone’s utilization decreases with the increasing gas velocity while nearly the same at different initial ozone concentrations.Simulation results can be used in guiding the practical operation of dyeing wastewater treatment and in other ozonation systems with known rate constants in wastewater treatment.
基金This work was supported by the Key Development Projects in Shaanxi Province(2018ZDXM-NY-082)Key projects to promote scientific and technological achievements by Northwest A&F University(XTG 2018-35).
文摘As the largest jujube cultivating areas of the world,the market price and quality of Chinese jujube are obviously affected by its producing regions in China.Therefore,traceability of Chinese jujube has become an important issue.To search the suitable geographical labels of Chinese jujube,26 major cultivars from five geographical regions of China were investigated by evaluating their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity profiling.Multivariate statistical techniques(e,g.,PCA,PLS,VIP value)applied to the above-obtained data were further used to identify geographical origin in different areas of Chinese jujube.The results indicated that the highest median contents of total phenols(TP)and flavonoids(TF)of Chinese jujube were originated from Ningxia and Henan provinces,both of which also exhibited the stronger bioactivity.p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin exhibited the highest contents among the all detected individual phenolic compounds.The highest median contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)and polysaccharides were all found in Chinese jujube samples of Xinjiang province.In particular,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,rutin,cAMP,cGMP and polysaccharides can be regarded as the potential biomarkers in distinguishing the geographical origin of Chinese jujube.Additionally,the high altitude and latitude might be benefit for the accumulation of cAMP,cGMP and polysaccharides(primary metabolites),and high longitude and annual precipitation maybe improve the contents of TP and TF(secondary metabolites).These information could provide an effective methods in distinguishing the geographical features of Chinese jujube,and also be benefit for the products development.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000607)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171839 and 32101564)The earmarked fund of Xinjiang Jujube Industrial Technology System(XJCYTX-01).
文摘Jujube is one of the most produced dried fruits in China,and it is also a traditional Chinese medicine that enhances immunity and has anti-cancer activity.Jujube fruit is rich in phenolic compounds,but few reports are available on its biological activities.To evaluate the biological activities of the phenolic compounds in dried jujube fruit,the composition and content of metabolites in dried jujube fruit were determined by metabolomics,and the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the phenolic compounds were analyzed in dried jujube fruit.The results showed that 463 compounds were identified in dried‘Junzao’fruit,including 102 phenolic compounds.The in vitro activity test showed that the jujube phenolic metabolites had extensive antibacterial effects and caused disruption and nuclear sclerosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HepG2)cells.Canonical correlation analysis showed that total phenolic content,quercetin-3-rutinose,and procyanidin B1 were the main active antibacterial and anticancer components.The study provides data supporting the application of dried jujube fruit in the development of functional foods,pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21476160, 21476159]the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Nos.15JCYBJC23000,15JCZDJC37400)
文摘Herein, we report the effects of doped K and Al on the carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance of the Li4SiO4-based adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.8 wt% K and 1.5 wt% AI doped Li4SiO4 is ~2.2 times and ~1.3 times higher than that of the pristine Li4SiO4 at 500 and 600℃, respectively. The kinetic study further indicated that the reaction rates of the lithium diffusion process is greatly improved by K and AI doping, and the lithium diffusion rate of 0.8 wt% K and 1.5 wt% AI doped Li4SiO4 is ~2 times higher than that of the pristine Li4SiO4 at 575-650 ℃. K and AI doping increases the adsorption capacity of Li4SiO4-based adsorbents, and widens its effective adsorption temperature range
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.72242102,72271021)the humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education of China(no.23YJC630124)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project of China(no.232102320021).
文摘In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehicles;moreover,lane contraflow can be adopted to meet these surge traffic demands.However,lane contraflow that provides more roads for rescue vehicles reduces the traffic supply in the evacuation direction.It is unclear how to control the number of contraflow roads used by rescue vehicles to coordinate evacuation and rescue traffic operations.Here,we adjust the critical rescue traffic volume of reversing the normal road traffic direction to control rescue contraflow.Additionally,we propose a multiobjective mixed integer linear programming formulation for evacuation and rescue traffic optimization.Additionally,considering that the upper limit of the critical rescue traffic volume is unknown and that the proposed formulation includes multiple objectives and multi-priority vehicle classes,a three-stage solving algorithm is developed.Next,a large-scale evacuation and rescue traffic optimization result dataset is obtained for the Nguyen–Dupuis road network,and the impact of different rescue contraflow control plans on evacuation and rescue traffic is studied based on data-driven sta-tistical analysis.The results show that by adjusting the optimal rescue traffic route,the critical rescue traffic volume for reversing the normal road traffic direction can reduce the interference of rescue traffic to evacuation traffic operation performance without reducing rescue traffic operation performance,and can be used to coor-dinate evacuation and rescue traffic operation under rescue contraflow.