Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C_(3)N_(4) for Solar Catalytic Applications

Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the “all-in-one” defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultraactive coordinated environment(M–N_(x), M–C_(2)N_(2), M–O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra(fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C_(3)N_(4) “customization”, motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysis.

The relationship between cognitive function and having diabetes in patients treated with hemodialysis

Purpose:Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and inferior cognitive performance than the general population,and those with cognitive impairment are at higher risk of death than those without cognitive impairment.Having diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in end-stage kidney disease patients treated with peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplant.However,these findings may not extend to the hemodialysis population.Thus,we aim to investigate the relationship between having diabetes and cognitive function in MHD patients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.A total of 203 patients treated with MHD from two blood purification centers were enrolled as subjects.The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)was utilized to assess cognitive function.Results:MHD patients with diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of global cognitive impairment and inferior performance in global cognition,visuospatial/executive function,naming,language,abstraction and orientation tasks compared with those without diabetes.According to the multiple linear analyses,having diabetes was significantly associated with lower global cognitive function,naming,and language scores,withβcoefficients and 95%CIs of-1.30[-2.59,-0.01],-0.25[-0.47,-0.02],and-0.32[-0.58,-0.07],respectively(all P<0.05).Having diabetes could not independently predict an increased risk of global cognitive impairment.Conclusions:In MHD patients,having diabetes is significantly associated with lower cognitive function scores.Medical staff should evaluate early and focus on the decline of cognitive function in MHD patients with diabetes,in order to achieve early diagnosis and earlv intervention.

Review for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.

Mechanism and Research Progress of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula against Recurrence of Ulcerative Colitis

By introducing the composition and modern pharmacology of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula,the paper further explored the mechanism and research progress of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula against recurrence of ulcerative colitis(UC).The formula can effectively improve the TCM syndromes of UC patients,reduce the recurrence rate,and improve clinical efficacy and patients’quality of life.

Research Progress on Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Baitouweng Decoction

The research literature,including the overview,clinical research and experimental research,about the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)with Pulsatilla Decoction was reviewed in this paper in order to provide reference for its development and application.

Analysis on the Law of Chinese Medicine Use of Ulcerative Colitis and TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Rapid reconstitution of NK1 cells after allogeneic transplantation is associated with a reduced incidence of graft-versus-host disease

The balance between immunostimulation and immunoregulation in T cell immunity is achieved by maintaining specific ratios of Thl, Th2, Th3 and Trl cells. Here, we investigate levels of type 1 （IFN-gamma; NK1）, type 2 （IL-13; NK2）, type 3 （TGF-beta; NK3） and regulatory （IL-10; NKr） cytokines in peripheral blood to assess the cytokine profiles of natural killer （NK） cells following human allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT）. NK2 and NK3 cell expansion was observed after aUo-HSCT; levels of NKr ceils reached donor levels at day 15, though levels of NK1 cells were consistently lower than donor levels until day 60 after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher level of NK1 cells by day 15 was associated with a lower overall risk of acute graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） （HR 0.157, P=-0.010） as well as II-IV acute GVHD （HR 0.260, P=-0.059）. Furthermore, higher levels of NK1 cells by day 15 were correlated with lower rates of cytomegalovirus （CMV） reactivation （HR 0.040, 0.005-0.348,/9=-0.003）. These results indicate that rapid reconstitution of NK cells, especially NK1 cells, can help prevent the development of GVHD as well as CMV reactivation after allogeneic transplantation.

On the rainbow matching conjecture for 3-uniform hypergraphs

Aharoni and Howard and,independently,Huang et al.(2012)proposed the following rainbow version of the Erd os matching conjecture:For positive integers n,k and m with n≥km,if each of the families F1,……,Fm⊆([n]k)has size more than max{(n k)−(n-m+1 k);(km-1 k)},then there exist pairwise disjoint subsets e1,……,em such that ei∈Fi for all i∈[m].We prove that there exists an absolute constant n0 such that this rainbow version holds for k=3 and n≥n_(0).We convert this rainbow matching problem to a matching problem on a special hypergraph H.We then combine several existing techniques on matchings in uniform hypergraphs:Find an absorbing matching M in H;use a randomization process of Alon et al.(2012)to find an almost regular subgraph of H−V(M);find an almost perfect matching in H−V(M).To complete the process,we also need to prove a new result on matchings in 3-uniform hypergraphs,which can be viewed as a stability version of a result of Luczak and Mieczkowska(2014)and might be of independent interest.

Defect and interface control on graphitic carbon nitrides/upconversion nanocrystals for enhanced solar hydrogen production

The effective utilization of solar energy for hydrogen production requires an abundant supply of thermodynamically active photo-electrons;however,the photocatalysts are generally impeded by insufficient light absorption and fast photocarrier recombination.Here,we report a multiple-regulated strategy to capture photons and boost photocarrier dynamics by devel-oping a broadband photocatalyst composed of defect engineered g-C_(3)N_(4)(DCN)and upconversion NaYF4:Yb^(3+),Tm^(3+)(NYF)nanocrystals.Through a precise defect engineering,the S dopants and C vacancies jointly render DCN with defect states to effectively extend the visible light absorption to 590 nm and boost photocarrier separation via a moderate electron-trapping ability,thus facilitating the subsequent re-absorption and utilization of upconverted photons/electrons.Importantly,we found a promoted interfacial charge polarization between DCN and NYF has also been achieved mainly due to Y-N interaction,which further favors the upconverted excited energy transfer from NYF onto DCN as verified both theoretically and experimentally.With a 3D architecture,the NYF@DCN catalyst exhibits a superior solar H2 evolution rate among the reported upconversion-based system,which is 19.3 and 1.5 fold higher than bulk material and DCN,respectively.This work provides an innovative strategy to boost solar utilization by using defect engineering and building up interaction between hetero-materials.

A bound on judicious bipartitions of directed graphs

Judicious partitioning problems on graphs ask for partitions that bound several quantities simultaneously,which have received much attention lately.Scott(2005)asked the following natural question:What is the maximum constant cdsuch that every directed graph D with m arcs and minimum outdegree d admits a bipartition V(D)=V_1∪V_2 satisfying min{e(V_1,V_2),e(V_2,V_1)}cdm?Here,for i=1,2,e(V_i,V_(3-i))denotes the number of arcs in D from V_i to V_(3-i).Lee et al.(2016)conjectured that every directed graph D with m arcs and minimum outdegree at least d 2 admits a bipartition V(D)=V_1∪V_2 such that min{e(V_1,V_2),e(V_2,V_1)}≥((d-1)/(2(2 d-1))+o(1))m.In this paper,we show that this conjecture holds under the additional natural condition that the minimum indegree is also at least d.

Serum biomarker CD163 predicts overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

The serum soluble CD163(sCD163)is elevated in patients with inflammatory disease and several types of cancer.However,the prognostic value of serum sCD163 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has not yet been investigated.In this study,serum level of sCD163 was measured by using the peripheral blood of 54 patients with PDAC,20 patients with benign tumor of pancreas,and 30 healthy volunteers(healthy controls).The association between serum sCD163 level and overall survival was analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated,and areas under the curve(AUC)were compared to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy,including CA 19-9,CEA,CA 125,CA 153,and serum sCD163 level.Serum sCD163 level of patients with PDAC was significantly higher than patients with benign tumor(P=.002)and health controls(P<.001).Using ROC curves,we found that the AUC values of serum sCD163 were higher than those of CA 125 and CA 153,but lower than those of CA 19-9 and CEA.Serum sCD163 was negatively correlated with lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR;r=
0.428,P=.001).In addition,the prognosis of PDAC patients with sCD163median was worse than sCD163<median by using univariate analysis(P=.027).Further,multivariate analysis showed that higher level of serum sCD163 was still associated with poorer overall survival(P=.020).In conclusion,the serum sCD163 has the potential as a new promising parameter to predict the prognosis in PDAC patients.