Human Digital Twin(HDT)Driven Human-Cyber-Physical Systems:Key Technologies and Applications

1 Introduction Traditional industrial systems,where physical systems,i.e.,robots and machines,replaced manual labor mostly,are often known as human-physical system(HPS)[1].Cyber system,a major outcome of the digitalization revolution,is increasingly adopted in HPS and continuously evolving with the development of advanced manufacturing technologies,leading to the human-cyber-physical system(HCPS)[2].

In situ decoration of nanosized metal oxide on highly conductive MXene nanosheets as efficient catalyst for Li-O2 battery

Combining nanomaterials with complementary properties in a well-designed structure is an effective tactic to exploit multifunctional, high-performance materials for the energy conversion and storage. Nonprecious metal catalysts, such as cobalt oxide, with superior activity and excellent stability to other catalysts are widely desired. Nevertheless, the performance of CoO nanoparticles as an electrode material were significantly limit for its inferior conductivity, dissolution, and high cohesion. Herein, we grow ultrafine cobalt monoxide to decorate the interlayer and surface of the Ti3C2 Txnanosheets via a hydrothermal method companied by calcination. The layered MXenes act as the underlying conductive substrate,which not only increase the electron transfer rate at the interface but also greatly improve the electrochemical properties of the nanosized Co O particles by restricting the aggregation of CoO. The resulting CoO/Ti3C2 Txnanomaterial is applied as oxygen electrode for lithium-oxygen battery and achieves more than 160 cycles and first cycle capacity of 16,220 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1. This work paves a promising avenue for constructing a bi-functional catalyst by coupling the active component of a transition metal oxide(TMO) with the MXene materials in lithium-oxygen battery.

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems in COVID‑19 Pandemic and Beyond:Framework and Impact Assessment

Pandemics like COVID-19 have created a spreading and ever-higher healthy threat to the humans in the manufacturing system which incurs severe disruptions and complex issues to industrial networks.The intelligent manufacturing(IM)systems are promising to create a safe working environment by using the automated manufacturing assets which are monitored by the networked sensors and controlled by the intelligent decision-making algorithms.The relief of the production disruption by IM technologies facilitates the reconnection of the good and service flows in the network,which mitigates the severity of industrial chain disruption.In this study,we create a novel intelligent manufacturing framework for the production recovery under the pandemic and build an assessment model to evaluate the impacts of the IM technologies on industrial networks.Considering the constraints of the IM resources,we formulate an optimization model to schedule the allocation of IM resources according to the mutual market demands and the severity of the pandemic.

The quasi-activity coefficients of non-electrolytes in aqueous solution with organic ions and its application on the phase splitting behaviors prediction for CO_(2) absorption

CO_(2)capture with a low energy consumption is of important application significance for reducing CO_(2)emission.The phase-change absorbent developed in recent years shows its potential for low-energy CO_(2)capture.The unclear phase-splitting rule hinders the efficient development of CO_(2)phase-change absorbents.To predict phase-splitting behaviors of mono/poly-amine-organic solvent-water system with various concentrations,a quasi-activity coefficient was developed based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation and some Density function theory descriptors.Six models based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation were developed with different ion radius,descriptors or poly-amine-CO_(2)products.The phase-splitting boundary was drawn on the model with the best predictability.This quasi-activity coefficient would provide guidance for the phase-splitting systems development,especially for polyamines.

An Optimal Dynamic Generation Scheduling for a Wind-Thermal Power System

In this paper, a dynamic generation scheduling model is formulated, aiming at minimizing the costs of power generation and taking into account the constraints of thermal power units and spinning reserve in wind power integrated systems. A dynamic solving method blended with particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In this method, the solution space of the states of unit commitment is created and will be updated when the status of unit commitment changes in a period to meet the spinning reserve demand. The thermal unit operation constrains are inspected in adjacent time intervals to ensure all the states in the solution space effective. The particle swarm algorithm is applied in the procedure to optimize the load distribution of each unit commitment state. A case study in a simulation system is finally given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this dynamic optimization algorithm.

Muscle Mass Is Associated with Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults

Background and Aims: The study aims to explore the association between body composition and depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods: A random cluster sampling method was used to select 41 age-matched indi-viduals (aged 11 - 30) as a non-depressive control group. The Department of Psychology at the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Na-tionalities recruited 27 depressive patients within the same age range. Bioelec-trical impedance analysis measured body composition, while SCL-90, SAS, and SDS were employed for depression diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between body composition and de-pression scores. Results: The Depression Group exhibited higher levels of fat mass (p Conclusion: Depression is associated with age, gender, and muscle mass in adolescents and young people. Proper exercise and a healthy diet can increase muscle mass, thereby reducing fat mass and, as a result, reducing the prevalence of depression.

Effect of hydrogen content on dielectric strength of the silicon nitride film deposited by ICP-CVD

The inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) deposited silicon nitride(SiN_(x)) thin film was evaluated for its application as the electrical insulating film for a capacitor device.In order to achieve highest possible dielectric strength of SiN_(x),the process parameters of ICP-CVD were carefully tuned to control hydrogen in SiN_(x) films by means of tuning N_(2)/SiH_(4) ratio and radio frequency(RF) power.Besides electrical measurements,the hydrogen content in the films was measured by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry(D-SIMS).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and micro Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the SiN_(x) films by measuring Si-H and N-H bonds’ intensities.It was found that the more Si-H bonds lead to the higher dielectric strength.

Plasma atomic layer etching of GaN/AlGaN materials and application: An overview

With the development of the third generation of semiconductor devices,it is essential to achieve precise etching of gallium nitride(GaN)materials that is close to the atomic level.Compared with the traditional wet etching and continuous plasma etching,plasma atomic layer etching(ALE)of GaN has the advantages of self-limiting etching,high selectivity to other materials,and smooth etched surface.In this paper the basic properties and applications of GaN are presented.It also presents the various etching methods of GaN.GaN plasma ALE systems are reviewed,and their similarities and differences are compared.In addition,the industrial application of GaN plasma ALE is outlined.

Greentelligence:Smart Manufacturing for a Greener Future

1 Introduction Global climate change has grown into one of the major concerns in global industrialization and economic development.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),one of the six Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases(GHGs),is the most difficult to contain due to its closeness with energy generation and consumption^([1]).With an earlier awareness of climate change,developed countries tended to displace the resource-and energy-intensive industries to other countries,thus emissions have not been reduced but relocated^([2]),which can be further magnified if production shifts to countries using carbon-intensive energy or low-energyefficient technologies.Developing countries are responsible for 63%of GHGs emissions and get hit the hardest,i.e.,78%of the cost of climate change,and predicted to rise to 87%by 2035^([3]).

Corrigendum to"In situ decoration of nanosized metal oxide on highly conductive MXene nanosheets as efficient catalyst for Li-O2 battery"[J.Energy.Chem.47(2020)272-280]

The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained some errors.(1)In the original edition of Fig.5(b),the black and red chargedischarge curves represent the opposite current density.The red and black curve should represent the charge-discharge profiles at current densities of 100 and 500 mA g-1,respectively.

课程思政引领下的物理化学教学探索与实践

课程思政是物理化学教学的灵魂。本文以云南农业大学物理化学课程为例,根据“厚德载物,知行合一”的理念,提出了“七步教学特色法”,从教学目标、教学内容、理论、实践四个维度诠释了课程思政引领下物理化学课程“一中心,一主线,二驱动,三融合”的教学模式。教学实践表明,课程思政引领物理化学课程教学紧跟时代需求,创新了教学内容,提升了学生能力和教学质量,培养了学生良好的道德品格。

通州文旅区的民宿特色建设探索

本文以北京通州大运河附近的一家中式四合院民宿为切入点,对通州文旅区的民俗特色建设进行了探索研究。探索的各个方面分别为内部装修格式、饮食特色、外观设计特色、庭院特色以及娱乐特色,针对这几方面,本文进行了详细描述,旨在全方面了解特色民宿的各个方面的同时,探索出能够对运河文化传播起到良好作用的民俗特点,为宣传和弘扬运河文化做出贡献。

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Endostatin enhances antitumor effect of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell therapy in mouse xenograft model of lung carcinoma

Objective： To investigate the antitumor effect of endostatin combined with tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell （DC）-T cell therapy on lung cancer. Methods： Transplanted Lewis lung cancer （LLC） models of C57BL/6 mice were established by subcutaneous injection of LLC cells in left extremity axillary. Tumor antigen-pulsed DC-T cells from spleen cells and bone of mice were cultured in vitro. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups, including DC- T＋endostatin group, DC-T group, and phosphate-buffered saline （PBS） control group. Microvessel density （MVD） of tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice was determined by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） were determined by Western blotting and IHC staining. The proportions of CD8＋ T cells, mature dendritic cells （mDC）, tumor-associated macrophages [TAM （M1/M2）], and myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSC） in suspended cells of tumor tissue were determined by flow cytometry. The expressions of inter｜eukin （IL）-6, IL-10, IL-17, transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） and interferon-γ （IFN-γ） in suspended cells of tumor tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： DC-T cells combined with endostatin remarkably suppressed tumor growth. MVD of mice in DC- T＋endostatin group was significantly lower than that of the control group and DC-T monotherapy group. The expressions of VEGF, IL-6 and IL-17 in tumors were markedly decreased, but IFN-γ, and HIF-1α increased after treating with DC-T cells combined with endostatin, compared to control group and DC-T group. In the DC- T＋endostatin group, the proportions of MDSC and TAM （M2 type） were significantly decreased, mDC and TAM （Nil type） were up-regulated, and CD8＋ T cells were recruited to infiltrate tumors, in contrast to PBS control and DC-T monotherapy. DC-T cells combined with endostatin potently reduced the expressions of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and IL-17 in tumor tissue, and enhanced the expression of IFN-γ. Conclusions： The study indicated the synergic antitumor effects between endostatin and tumor antigen-pulsed DC-T cells, which may be a prospective therapy strategy to achieve potent antitumor effects on lung cancer.

导热聚氨酯弹性体/石墨烯纳米片复合材料的制备及性能

采用液相共混与两次模压方法制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/石墨烯纳米片(GN)薄膜,探究了不同GN含量对TPU/GN薄膜力学性能、导热性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当添加质量分数为2.0%GN时,TPU/GN薄膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别为60.8MPa和10.4MPa,相比纯TPU薄膜分别增长34%和96%;TPU/GN薄膜呈现典型的导热各向异性特征,质量分数为5.0%GN时,薄膜面内方向的导热系数为1.94 W/(m·K),而其垂直方向的导热系数为0.21W/(m·K);GN的加入提高了TPU的热稳定性。

Simulations of Microphysics and Precipitation in a Stratiform Cloud Case over Northern China:Comparison of Two Microphysics Schemes

Using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with two different microphysics schemes,the Predicted Particle Properties(P3)and the Morrison double-moment parameterizations,we simulated a stratiform rainfall event on 20–21 April 2010.The simulation output was compared with precipitation and aircraft observations.The aircraft-observed moderate-rimed dendrites and plates indicated that riming contributed significantly to ice particle growth at the mature precipitation stage.Observations of dendrite aggregation and capped columns suggested that aggregation coexisted with deposition or riming and played an important role in producing many large particles.The domain-averaged values of the 24-h surface precipitation accumulation from the two schemes were quite close to each other.However,differences existed in the temporal and spatial evolutions of the precipitation distribution.An analysis of the surface precipitation temporal evolution indicated faster precipitation in Morrison,while P3 indicated slower rainfall by shifting the precipitation pattern eastward toward what was observed.The differences in precipitation values between the two schemes were related to the cloud water content distribution and fall speeds of rimed particles.P3 simulated the stratiform precipitation event better as it captured the gradual transition in the mass-weighted fall speeds and densities from unrimed to rimed particles.

Theoretical study of(e,2e) triple differential cross section of 1b3g orbital of ethylene by vibrational multi-center distorted-wave method

The vibrational motions are usually neglected when calculating(e,2e) triple differential cross sections(TDCSs) of molecules. Here, multi-center distorted-wave method(MCDW) has been modified by including molecular vibrations. This vibrational MCDW method is employed to calculate the TDCSs of 1b3gorbital of ethylene at low(100 eV) and medium(250 eV) incident electron energies in coplanar asymmetric kinematic condition. The results show that molecular vibrations significantly influence the angular distributions of the TDCSs, especially in the binary region along momentum transfer near the Bethe ridge.

Three-level all-fiber laser at 915 nm based on polarization-maintaining Nd^3+-doped silica fiber

Nd3+-doped fiber lasers at around 900 nm based on the 4F3/2→4I9/2 transition have obtained much research attention since they can be used as the laser sources for generating pure blue fiber lasers through the frequency doubling.Here,an all-fiber laser at 915 nm was realized by polarization-maintaining Nd3+-doped silica fiber.A net gain per unit length of up to 1.0 dB/cm at 915 nm was obtained from a 4.5 cm fiber,which to our best knowledge is the highest gain coefficient reported in this kind of silica fiber.The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency varies with the active fiber length and the reflectivity of the output fiber Bragg grating(FBG),presenting an optimal value of 5.3%at 5.1 cm fiber length and 70%reflectivity of the low reflection FBG.Additionally,the linear distributed Bragg reflector short cavity was constructed to explore its potential in realizing single-frequency 915 nm fiber laser.The measurement result of longitudinal-mode properties shows it is still multi-longitudinal mode laser operation with 40 mm laser cavity.These results indicate that the Nd3+-doped silica fiber could be used to realize all-fiber laser at 915 nm,which presents potential to be the seed source of high-power fiber laser.

Nanostructured Ni/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid as cathode for lithium-oxygen battery

Ti3C2 belongs to MXenes family,which is a new two-dimensional material and has been applied in many fields.With simple method of hydrothermal and high temperature calcination,nano structured Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid was synthesized.The stable layer structure of Ti3C2 MXene providing high surface area as well as excellent electronic conductivity are beneficial for deposition and decomposition of discharge product Li2O2.Furthermore,possessing special catalytic activity,Ni nanoparticles with size of about 20 nm could accelerate Li2O2 breaking down.Taking advantage of two kinds of materials,Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid as cathode of Li-O2 battery can achieve a maximal specific capacity of 20,264 mAh/g in 100 mA/g and 10,699 mAh/g in 500 mA/g at the first cycle.This work confirms that the prepared Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid exhibiting better cycling stability points out a new guideline to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen batteries.

Design and experimental validation of event-triggered multi-vehicle cooperation in conflicting scenarios

Platoon control is widely studied for coordinating connected and automated vehicles(CAVs)on highways due to its potential for improving traffic throughput and road safety.Inspired by platoon control,the cooperation of multiple CAVs in conflicting scenarios can be greatly simplified by virtual platooning.Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is an essential ingredient in virtual platoon systems.Massive data transmission with limited communication resources incurs inevitable imperfections such as transmission delay and dropped packets.As a result,unnecessary transmission needs to be avoided to establish a reliable wireless network.To this end,an event-triggered robust control method is developed to reduce the use of communication resources while ensuring the stability of the virtual platoon system with time-varying uncertainty.The uniform boundedness,uniform ultimate boundedness,and string stability of the closed-loop system are analytically proved.As for the triggering condition,the uncertainty of the boundary information is considered,so that the threshold can be estimated more reasonably.Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method can greatly reduce data transmission while creating multi-vehicle cooperation.The threshold affects the tracking ability and communication burden,and hence an optimization framework for choosing the threshold is worth exploring in future research.