Deep Learning Quantum States for Hamiltonian Estimation

Human experts cannot efficiently access physical information of a quantum many-body states by simply "reading"its coefficients, but have to reply on the previous knowledge such as order parameters and quantum measurements.We demonstrate that convolutional neural network(CNN) can learn from coefficients of many-body states or reduced density matrices to estimate the physical parameters of the interacting Hamiltonians, such as coupling strengths and magnetic fields, provided the states as the ground states. We propose QubismNet that consists of two main parts: the Qubism map that visualizes the ground states(or the purified reduced density matrices) as images, and a CNN that maps the images to the target physical parameters. By assuming certain constraints on the training set for the sake of balance, QubismNet exhibits impressive powers of learning and generalization on several quantum spin models. While the training samples are restricted to the states from certain ranges of the parameters, QubismNet can accurately estimate the parameters of the states beyond such training regions. For instance, our results show that QubismNet can estimate the magnetic fields near the critical point by learning from the states away from the critical vicinity. Our work provides a data-driven way to infer the Hamiltonians that give the designed ground states, and therefore would benefit the existing and future generations of quantum technologies such as Hamiltonian-based quantum simulations and state tomography.

Biomarkers of aging

Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to(i)assess age-related changes,(ii)track the physiological aging process,and(iii)predict the transition into a pathological status.Although a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed,their potential uses and limitations remain poorly characterized.An immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research:How old are we?Why do we get old?And how can we age slower?This review aims to address this need.Here,we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular,organ,and organismal levels of aging,comprising six pillars:physiological characteristics,medical imaging,histological features,cellular alterations,molecular changes,and secretory factors.To fulfill all these requisites,we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific,systemic,and clinically relevant.

A subpopulation of CD146^(+) macrophages enhances antitumor immunity by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome

As one of the main tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, limited knowledge about their phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous nature restricts their application in tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of CD146+ TAMs that exerted antitumor activity in both human samples and animal models. CD146 expression in TAMs was negatively controlled by STAT3 signaling. Reducing this population of TAMs promoted tumor development by facilitating myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment via activation of JNK signaling. Interestingly, CD146 was involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated activation of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, partially by inhibiting transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B), an immunoregulatory cation channel. Treatment with a TMEM176B inhibitor enhanced the antitumor activity of CD146+ TAMs. These data reveal a crucial antitumor role of CD146+ TAMs and highlight the promising immunotherapeutic approach of inhibiting CD146 and TMEM176B.

器官系统整合课教学模式在临床医学八年制学生神经系统见习中的应用效果

目的探究器官系统整合课教学模式在临床医学八学制专业学生神经系统见习中的应用效果。方法选择2022—2023年在北京大学第三医院进行器官系统整合课学习的29名临床医学八年制学生为研究对象,采用调查问卷形式对见习前后学生学习效果和学习主动性、课程设置和需求以及教学满意度调查3个方面进行调查并统计数据。采用配对样本t检验比较见习前后数据的差异,采用χ^(2)检验比较有无预习习惯组学生的数据差异。结果在学习效果方面,通过见习教学,学生对知识掌握程度明显提高,对比见习前的13.79%,见习后有66.67%的学生认为对理论知识及查体手法掌握较好,其中理论知识和查体手法在见习前后的掌握率比较(38.79%±3.78%vs 76.67%±1.74%;20.98%±1.82%vs 88.06%±1.12%),差异均具有统计学意义(t=9.931、27.680,P均<0.001)。通过临床见习,学生的学习兴趣均有所提高,36.67%表示很感兴趣,另53.33%表示感兴趣。在学习主动性方面,有预习习惯学生(n=17)对查体知识的掌握程度较无预习习惯学生(n=12)好(35.3%vs 25.0%),但差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.353,P=0.694)。在课程设置和需求调查中,教师引导(62.07%)仍然具有重要地位。在满意度调查方面,学生对神经系统查体见习教师的教学质量和课程设置给予了肯定的评价。结论神经系统查体见习系统整合课教学模式提高了学生对理论知识和查体手法的掌握程度,鼓励学生主动学习。该模式加深了临床与基础的交叉融合,在实践中还需进一步优化教学方法。

Defining newly formed and tissue-resident bone marrow-derived macrophages in adult mice based on lysozyme expression

Tissue-resident macrophages are derived from different precursor cells and display different phenotypes.Reconstitution of the tissue-resident macrophages of inflamed or damaged tissues in adults can be achieved by bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages.Using lysozyme(Lysm)-GFP-reporter mice,we found that alveolar macrophages(AMs),Kupffer cells,red pulp macrophages(RpMacs),and kidney-resident macrophages were Lysm-GFP^(−),whereas all monocytes in the fetal liver,adult bone marrow,and blood were Lysm-GFP^(+).Donor-derived Lysm-GFP^(+)resident macrophages gradually became Lysm-GFP−in recipients and developed gene expression profiles characteristic of tissue-resident macrophages.Thus,Lysm may be used to distinguish newly formed and long-term surviving tissue-resident macrophages that were derived from bone marrow precursor cells in adult mice under pathological conditions.Furthermore,we found that Irf4 might be essential for resident macrophage differentiation in all tissues,while cytokine and receptor pathways,mTOR signaling pathways,and fatty acid metabolic processes predominantly regulated the differentiation of RpMacs,Kupffer cells,and kidney macrophages,respectively.Deficiencies in ST2,mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)and fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5)differentially impaired the differentiation of tissue-resident macrophages from bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in the lungs,liver,and kidneys.These results indicate that a combination of shared and unique signaling pathways coordinately shape tissue-resident macrophage differentiation in various tissues.

Multicomponent induced localized coupling in Penrose tiling for electromagnetic wave absorption and multiband compatibility

In the electronic information and intelligent era, microwave absorption materials have been focused on the issue of electromagnetic(EM) pollution, but high-performance absorbers with thin thickness are highly desirable. The positive action between structural design and component selection can be regarded as a function to optimize the microwave loss capacity, which contributes to understanding the response mechanisms from the micro and macro. Therefore, we designed the absorber with quasiperiodic structures of Penrose tiling that has finely engineered the location of maximum absorption peak, the spherical carbonyl iron in thin rhombus, and flakey carbonyl iron in fat rhombus, the effective absorption bandwidth(Reflection Loss ≤ –10 d B) was realized from 6.46 GHz to 15.78 GHz in the 2 mm thickness. The unique arrangement of Penrose tiling can respond alternatingly to EM waves at large scales, and multicomponent coupling is distinctly in the neighboring unit cells. In addition, spraying aluminum pigment as the upper layer, the infrared emissivity is less than 0.35 to meet the complex application environment.This work opens up novel ideas on quasiperiodic structure combined multicomponent and injects infinite vitality to provide prospects for broadband responsive and high-efciency EM absorbers.

CD146,a therapeutic target involved in cell plasticity

Since its identification as a marker for advanced melanoma in the 1980s,CD146 has been found to have multiple functions in both physiological and pathological processes,including embryonic development,tissue repair and regeneration,tumor progression,fibrosis disease,and inflammations.Subsequent research has revealed that CD146 is involved in various signaling pathways as a receptor or coreceptor in these processes.This correlation between CD146 and multiple diseases has sparked interest in its potential applications in diagnosis,prognosis,and targeted therapy.To better comprehend the versatile roles of CD146,we have summarized its research history and synthesized findings from numerous reports,proposing that cell plasticity serves as the underlying mechanism through which CD146 contributes to development,regeneration,and various diseases.Targeting CD146 would consequently halt cell state shifting during the onset and progression of these related diseases.Therefore,the development of therapy targeting CD146 holds significant practical value.

Profiles of muscular amino acids,fatty acids,and metabolites in Shaziling pigs of different ages and relation to meat quality

Pork meat is closely related to physicochemical alterations during growth and development,resulting in differences in nutritional value and meat flavor.This study aimed to evaluate the composition of amino acids,fatty acids,and metabolic profiles in the longissimus thoracis muscle(LM)of Shaziling pigs aged 30,90,150,210,and 300 days.The results showed that the predominant fatty acids identified in the LM of Shaziling pigs were C16:0,C16:1,C18:0,C18:1n9c,and C18:2n6c.An opposite correlation was observed for C18:2n6c and n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(P<0.05).Alanine,aspartate,glutamate,Dglutamine,and D-glutamate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways for the Shaziling pig meat flavor(P<0.05).Moreover,the correlation coefficients revealed that the contents of anserine,C16:0,C16:1,and C18:1n9c were positively correlated with intramuscular fat and/or p H24hand were negatively correlated with the values of L^(*)(lightness)and b^(*)(yellowness)(P<0.05).In conclusion,age greatly affected the meat quality of Shaziling pigs,and the contents of muscular anserine,C16:0,C16:1,and C18:1n9c might be promising indicators for better meat quality.

Heat shock factor 1 in fat biology: comments on ‘Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity’

Beige fat,a newly discovered adipose tissue featuring high functional flexibility,exhibits the characteristics of white fat at rest,but can be activated to function like brown fat under cold or β-adrenergic stimulation via a process termed‘browning of white fat’.This activation enables beige fat to greatly promote heat production and energy consumption,as well as to improve systemic glucose and lipid metabolism.Beige fat also exists in supraclavicular and paraspinal regions in human adults,which endows its great potential forintervention ofobesityandmetabolic diseases.

The roles of zinc finger proteins in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption.Modern trends towards excessive calorie intake and sedentary life styles have increased the prevalence of NAFLD accompanied by obesity and type 2 diabetes.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of NAFLD are not clear.Zinc finger proteins(ZFPs)are a superfamily of metalloproteins that contain zinc finger motifs.ZFPs play diverse physiological roles in tissue homeostasis and also contribute to many pathological conditions,including metabolic,cardiovascular,and neurodegenerative diseases and various types of cancer.In this review,we highlight our current knowledge of several ZFPs that play critical roles in the progression of NAFLD,describe their mechanistic functional networks,and discuss the potential for ZFPs as therapeutic targets for NAFLD.