A biomimetic spore nanoplatform for boosting chemodynamic therapy and bacteria-mediated antitumor immunity for synergistic cancer treatment

Bacterial-based antitumor immunity has become a promising strategy to activate the immune system for fighting cancer.However,the potential application of bacterial therapy is hindered by the presence of instability and susceptibility to infections within bacterial populations.Furthermore,monotherapy is ineffective in completely eliminating complex cancer with multiple contributing factors.In this study,based on our discovery that spore shell(SS)of Bacillus coagulans exhibits excellent tumor-targeting ability and adjuvant activity,we develop a biomimetic spore nanoplatform to boost bacteria-mediated antitumor therapy,chemodynamic therapy and antitumor immunity for synergistic cancer treatment.In detail,SS is separated from probiotic spores and then attached to the surface of liposome(Lipo)that was loaded with hemoglobin(Hb),glucose oxidase(GOx)and JQ1to construct SS@Lipo/Hb/GOx/JQ1.In tumor tissue,highly toxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)are generated via sequential catalytic reactions:GOx catalyzing glucose into H_(2)O_(2)and Fe^(2+)in Hb decomposing H_(2)O_(2)into·OH.The combination of·OH and SS adjuvant can improve tumor immunogenicity and activate immune system.Meanwhile,JQ1-mediated down-regulation of PD-L1 and Hb-induced hypoxia alleviation synergistically reshape immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and potentiate immune response.In this manner,SS@Lipo/Hb/GOx/JQ1 significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.To summarize,the nanoplatform represents an optimum strategy to potentiate bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy.

Genetic variations in plant architecture traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) revealed by a genomewide association study

Plant architecture traits influence crop yield. An understanding of the genetic basis of cotton plant architecture traits is beneficial for identifying favorable alleles and functional genes and breeding elite cultivars. We collected 121 cotton accessions including 100 brownfiber and 21 white-fiber accessions, genotyped them by whole-genome resequencing, and phenotyped them in multiple environments. This genome-wide association study(GWAS)identified 11 quantitative trait loci(QTL) for two plant architecture traits: plant height and fruit spur branch number. Negative-effect alleles were enriched in the elite cultivars. Based on these QTL, gene annotation information, and published QTL, candidate genes and natural genetic variations in four QTL were identified. Ghir_D02 G017510 and Ghir_D02 G017600 were identified as candidate genes for qD02-FSBN-1, and a premature start codon gain variation was found in Ghir_D02 G017510. Ghir_A12 G026570, the candidate gene of qA12-FSBN-2, belongs to the pectin lyase-like superfamily, and a significantly associated SNP, A12_105366045(T/C), in this gene represents an amino acid change. The QTL, candidate genes, and associated natural variations in this study are expected to lay a foundation for studying functional genes and developing breeding programs for desirable architecture in brown-fiber cotton.

Research Progress of Cellulase

Cellulase is a complex enzyme that can decompose cellulose into glucose,and it could effectively treat cellulose waste. In this paper,it aims to explore development status and research progress of cellulase,and introduce concept and action mechanism of cellulase,research situation of cellulase in molecular aspect,application of cellulase,and development of cellulase is also prospected.

Progress in Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion battery is a potential application system for large-scale energy storage due to the advantage of higher nature abundance and lower production cost of sodium-based materials.However,there exist inevitably the safety problems such as flammability due to the use of the same type of organic liquid electrolyte with lithium-ion battery.Gel polymer electrolytes are being considered as an effective solution to replace conventional organic liquid electrolytes for building safer sodium-ion batteries.In this review paper,the authors present a comprehensive overview of the research progress in electrochemical and physical properties of the gel polymer electrolyte-based sodium batteries.The gel polymer electrolytes based on different polymer hosts namely poly(ethylene oxide),poly(acrylonitrile),poly(methyl methacrylate),poly(vinylidene fluoride),poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene),and other new polymer networks are summarized.The ionic conductivity,ion transference number,electrochemical window,thermal stability,mechanical property,and interfacial issue with electrodes of gel polymer electrolytes,and the corresponding influence factors are described in detail.Furthermore,the ion transport pathway and ion conduction mechanism are analyzed and discussed.In addition,the advanced gel polymer electrolyte systems including flame-retardant polymer electrolytes,composite gel polymer electrolytes,copolymerization,single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes,etc.with more superior and functional performance are classified and summarized.Finally,the application prospects,development opportunities,remaining challenges,and possible solutions are discussed.

A New TDD Scheme and Interference-Aware Precoding for Device-to-Device Underlay Massive MIMO

In device-to-device(D2D)underlay cellular networks with downlink spectrum sharing,massive MIMO seems promising as the large number of antennas at the base station(BS) can be utilized to suppress interference.However,the channel state information(CSI) from the BS to D2D receivers is required to obtain this advantage.In this paper,we first propose a novel time division duplex(TDD) scheme for D2D users to acquire this CSI,without additional pilot overhead.Moreover,we propose an interference-aware MMSE precoder utilizing the acquired CSI from the BS to not only cellular users but also D2D users to suppress the cellular-to-D2D interference.Simulation results show that our proposed TDD scheme and precoder can significantly improve the achievable sum spectral efficiency(SE) and D2D SE,compared to the classical MMSE precoder.Compared with the interferenceaware ZF precoder,whose performance severely degrades for large user numbers,our proposed interference-aware MMSE precoder can always guarantees a high and stable performance in terms of achievable SE.

Truth finder algorithm based on entity attributes for data conflict solution

The Internet now is a large-scale platform with big data. Finding truth from a huge dataset has attracted extensive attention, which can maintain the quality of data collected by users and provide users with accurate and efficient data. However, current truth finder algorithms are unsatisfying, because of their low accuracy and complication. This paper proposes a truth finder algorithm based on entity attributes (TFAEA). Based on the iterative computation of source reliability and fact accuracy, TFAEA considers the interactive degree among facts and the degree of dependence among sources, to simplify the typical truth finder algorithms. In order to improve the accuracy of them, TFAEA combines the one-way text similarity and the factual conflict to calculate the mutual support degree among facts. Furthermore, TFAEA utilizes the symmetric saturation of data sources to calculate the degree of dependence among sources. The experimental results show that TFAEA is not only more stable, but also more accurate than the typical truth finder algorithms.

Proteomic characterization and comparison of milk fat globule membrane proteins collected from two ethnic groups of women in China using DIA technique

Proteomics comparison of human milk fat globular membrane proteins collected from Korean and Han ethnic groups in China was performed using data independent acquisition (DIA) technique. Nearly 1596 proteins were identified and they were mainly distributed in single-organism process/cellular process of biological process (BP), cell/cell part of cellular component (CC), and binding of molecular function (MF) in Gene ontology (GO) annotation and metabolic pathway in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A total of 238 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) including 72 enzymes were detected between the two ethnic groups and 142 were higher in Korean women milk. Enrichment analysis showed that 374 GO functions and 118 pathways where DEPs participated were significantly enriched (q < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network denoted that the DEP of actin, cytoplasmic 1 interacted most with others. Data unraveled variations in proteins between different ethnic human milks and provided useful information for development of infant formula products.

Biofuel Recovery from Plantain and Banana Plant Wastes:Integration of Biochemical and Thermochemical Approach

Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate change.Hence,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is necessary.Lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel production.The large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy resources.This review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products yield.It emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and landfilling.Further,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly highlighted.To optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were proposed.The complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive ingredients.The investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.

Effect of Annealing Time on the Dielectric Properties of BaMn₃Ti₄O_14.25Pellets by Spark Plasma Sintering

In this paper, the effects of annealing time on the dielectric properties of the Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) BaMn3Ti4O14.25 pellets were detail studied by the crystal structure analysis, micro structural observation and electrical properties research. The results showed that long annealing time was beneficial to the recovery of crystal structure damage caused by SPS, the formation of a reoxidation layer at the surface of grains and decreasing of the electrically insulating phase. All of these resulted in an increase in dielectric constant and loss, and a reduction in breakdown voltage.

Finite-difference modeling with variable grid-size and adaptive time-step in porous media

Forward modeling of elastic wave propagation in porous media has great importance for understanding and interpreting the influences of rock properties on characteristics of seismic wavefield. However,the finite-difference forward-modeling method is usually implemented with global spatial grid-size and time-step; it consumes large amounts of computational cost when small-scaled oil/gas-bearing structures or large velocity-contrast exist underground. To overcome this handicap,combined with variable grid-size and time-step,this paper developed a staggered-grid finite-difference scheme for elastic wave modeling in porous media. Variable finite-difference coefficients and wavefield interpolation were used to realize the transition of wave propagation between regions of different grid-size. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm were shown by numerical examples. The proposed method is advanced with low computational cost in elastic wave simulation for heterogeneous oil/gas reservoirs.

全固态双Z型异质结光催化剂的研究进展

光催化技术在解决能源和环境问题方面展现出巨大的潜力.但由于可见光利用率低、载流子复合率高、氧化还原能力差等因素导致单组分半导体的光催化活性不尽人意.因此,开发有效的策略来提高半导体的光催化活性成为光催化技术应用的关键.通过构筑双Z型异质结可以延长载流子寿命,拓宽光吸收范围,提高光生载流子浓度,增大氧化还原电位.同时,双Z型异质结具有多个电子转移通道,更有利于光诱导电子迁移,促进电子–空穴对的有效分离.近年来双Z型异质结得到了快速发展,双Z型光催化剂的理论体系也比较成熟.然而,目前系统总结双Z型异质结光催化剂的综述还较少.本文详细介绍了二元异质结和双Z型异质结的种类,总结了双Z型异质结在提高光催化效率方面的优势,重点介绍了验证双Z型异质结方法,全面讨论了双Z型异质结在污染物处理、分解水产氢、CO_(2)还原、光催化固氮、细胞失活等方面的应用,展望了双Z型异质结光催化剂面临的挑战和未来可能的发展方向.本文的研究将为开发设计更高效的双Z型异质结提供有益的参考.

基于杂多钒酸盐扩展结构——新型多钒硼酸盐材料化学研究进展

多钒硼酸盐(VBOs)是一类结合了钒酸盐和硼酸盐结构特点的新型多金属氧酸盐(POMs),其分子内部既包含V–O基团又包含B–O基团.鉴于钒氧间可形成[VO_(6)]八面体、[VO_(5)]四角方锥和[VO_(4)]四面体等配位单元,硼氧间可形成[BO4]四面体、[BO_(3)]平面三角形及其派生的众多结构类型,两者通过多面体间的共顶点、共棱或共面的连接方式,可得到丰富多彩的VBOs拓扑结构.近年来,VBOs因其结构的多样性和钒的价态的可变性在催化、磁性、非线性光学、电子导体和锂电池等领域有着潜在的应用前景.本文主要综述了本课题组及国内外相关课题组在新型VBOs的结构设计与性能研究方面的新进展,根据[VxBy]n-基本构筑单元的不同分类归纳了该系列化合物的相关结构,阐述了部分代表性化合物的结构特点及合成策略,整理了该类化合物的功能应用,并对VBOs材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望.

PM6:Y6基三元有机太阳能电池研究进展

有机太阳能电池(OSCs)因具有质轻、柔性、可印刷制备等优点受到广泛的关注.近年来,由于新型给受体材料的研发, OSCs的能量转换效率已经有了很大的突破.特别是基于宽带隙聚合物PM6和新型非富勒烯受体Y6构筑的二元OSCs的效率高达15.7%,这使得PM6:Y6基OSCs成为研究热点.由于二元OSCs的活性层对太阳光谱的吸收相对有限,限制了器件性能的进一步提升.通过引入吸收互补的第三组分构建三元OSCs被证明是提高器件性能的一种非常有效的策略.基于三元策略, PM6:Y6基OSCs的效率得到了大幅提升.因此,有必要全面总结PM6:Y6基三元OSCs的研究进展.本文介绍了三元OSCs的工作机制,探究了第三组分的作用和选取依据,重点综述了聚合物给体、小分子给体、富勒烯受体、非富勒烯受体作为第三组分构筑的PM6:Y6基OSCs的研究进展,并对未来PM6:Y6基三元OSCs的发展进行了展望.

Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons

Neighborhood gardens serve as sensitive sites for human microbial encounters,with phyllosphere microbes directly impacting our respiratory health.Yet,our understanding remains limited on how factors like season,garden age,and land use shape the risk of respiratory diseases(RDs)tied to these garden microbes.Here we examined the microbial communities within the phyllosphere of 72 neighborhood gardens across Shanghai,spanning different seasons(warm and cold),garden ages(old and young),and locales(urban and rural).We found a reduced microbial diversity during the cold season,except for Gammaproteobacteria which exhibited an inverse trend.While land use influenced the microbial composition,urban and rural gardens had strikingly similar microbial profiles.Alarmingly,young gardens in the cold season hosted a substantial proportion of RDs-associated species,pointing towards increased respiratory inflammation risks.In essence,while newer gardens during colder periods show a decline in microbial diversity,they have an increased presence of RDs-associated microbes,potentially escalating respiratory disease prevalence.This underscores the pivotal role the garden age plays in enhancing both urban microbial diversity and respiratory health.

High Levels of Vitamin C Intake Modify Effects of Phthalates on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease:A Nationally Representative Study

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is a growing cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide,with a global prevalence of 38%.1 Patients with MASLD are at risk of developing liver-related complications,such as cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and extra-hepatic adverse events.1 In recent years,endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)have been linked to the development and progression of MASLD.

折刀位对低位直肠癌腹会阴联合切除术预后的影响

目的评估折刀位能否减少经腹会阴联合切除术(APR)的常见并发症,改善长期生存。方法回顾性分析2010年1月~2016年10月在南京军区总医院接受APR的148例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据手术体位的不同分为折刀位组和截石位组,从术中出血、手术时间、切口感染、术后尿潴留、环周切缘、5年生存率等方面,比较两种体位对患者预后的影响。结果折刀位组术中出血更少(t=-5.683,P=0.000),手术时间更短(t=-3.885,P=0.000),会阴部切口感染率(χ^(2)=4.425,P=0.035)、术后尿潴留发生率(χ^(2)=6.321,P=0.012)及环周切缘阳性率更低(χ^(2)=4.199,P=0.040),5年总生存率相对更高(log-rank=3.880,P=0.049)。结论相对于截石位,折刀位可能更有利于改善APR短期及长期预后。

Seismic rock physical modelling for gas hydrate-bearing sediments

There are ambiguities and uncertainties in the recognition of gas hydrate seismic reflections and in quantitative predictions of physical information of natural gas hydrate reservoirs from seismic data. Rock physical modelling is a bridge that transforms the seismic information of geophysical observations into physical information, but traditional rock physics models lack descriptions of reservoir micro-structures and pore-filling materials. Considering the mineral compositions and pore microstructures of gas hydrates, we built rock physical models for load-bearing and pore-filling gas hydrate-bearing sediments,describe the mineral compositions, pore connectivity and pore shape using effective media theory, calculated the shear properties of pore-filling gas hydrates using Patchy saturation theory and Generalized Gassmann theory, and then revealed the quantitative relation between the elastic parameters and physical parameters for gas hydrate-bearing sediments. The numerical modelling results have shown that the ratios of P-wave and S-wave velocities decrease with hydrate saturation, the P-wave and S-wave velocities of load-bearing gas hydrate-bearing sediments are more sensitive to hydrate saturation, sensitivity is higher with narrower pores, and the ratios of the P-wave and S-wave velocities of pore-filling gas hydrate-bearing sediments are more sensitive to shear properties of hydrates at higher hydrate saturations. Theoretical analysis and practical application results showed that the rock physical models in this paper can be used to calculate the quantitative relation between macro elastic properties and micro physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, offer shear velocity information lacking in well logging, determine elastic parameters that have more effective indicating abilities, obtain physical parameters such as hydrate saturation and pore aspect ratios, and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for gas hydrate quantitative predictions.