A Pre-Selection-Based Ant Colony System for Integrated Resources Scheduling Problem at Marine Container Terminal

Marine container terminal(MCT)plays a key role in the marine intelligent transportation system and international logistics system.However,the efficiency of resource scheduling significantly influences the operation performance of MCT.To solve the practical resource scheduling problem(RSP)in MCT efficiently,this paper has contributions to both the problem model and the algorithm design.Firstly,in the problem model,different from most of the existing studies that only consider scheduling part of the resources in MCT,we propose a unified mathematical model for formulating an integrated RSP.The new integrated RSP model allocates and schedules multiple MCT resources simultaneously by taking the total cost minimization as the objective.Secondly,in the algorithm design,a pre-selection-based ant colony system(PACS)approach is proposed based on graphic structure solution representation and a pre-selection strategy.On the one hand,as the RSP can be formulated as the shortest path problem on the directed complete graph,the graphic structure is proposed to represent the solution encoding to consider multiple constraints and multiple factors of the RSP,which effectively avoids the generation of infeasible solutions.On the other hand,the pre-selection strategy aims to reduce the computational burden of PACS and to fast obtain a higher-quality solution.To evaluate the performance of the proposed novel PACS in solving the new integrated RSP model,a set of test cases with different sizes is conducted.Experimental results and comparisons show the effectiveness and efficiency of the PACS algorithm,which can significantly outperform other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss

Periodontitis is the most widespread oral disease and is closely related to the oral microbiota.The oral microbiota is adversely affected by some pharmacologic treatments.Systemic antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases but can lead to gut dysbiosis,causing negative effects on the human body.Whether systemic antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can affect the oral microbiota or even periodontitis has not yet been addressed.In this research,mice were exposed to drinking water containing a cocktail of four antibiotics to explore how systemic antibiotics affect microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss.The results demonstrated,for the first time,that gut dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antibiotics can disturb the oral microbiota and aggravate periodontitis.Moreover,the expression of cytokines related to Th17 was increased while transcription factors and cytokines related to Treg were decreased in the periodontal tissue.Fecal microbiota transplantation with normal mice feces restored the gut microbiota and barrier,decreased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota,reversed the Th17/Treg imbalance in periodontal tissue,and alleviated alveolar bone loss.This study highlights the potential adverse effects of long-term systemic antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis on the oral microbiota and periodontitis.A Th17/Treg imbalance might be related to this relationship.Importantly,these results reveal that the periodontal condition of patients should be assessed regularly when using systemic antibiotics in clinical practice.

Review of advanced road materials, structures, equipment, and detection technologies

As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies related to road engineering have continually and progressively emerged,reshaping the landscape of pavement systems.There is a pressing and growing need for a timely summarization of the current research status and a clear identification of future research directions in these advanced and evolving technologies.Therefore,Journal of Road Engineering has undertaken the significant initiative of introducing a comprehensive review paper with the overarching theme of“advanced road materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies”.This extensive and insightful review meticulously gathers and synthesizes research findings from 39 distinguished scholars,all of whom are affiliated with 19 renowned universities or research institutions specializing in the diverse and multidimensional field of highway engineering.It covers the current state and anticipates future development directions in the four major and interconnected domains of road engineering:advanced road materials,advanced road structures and performance evaluation,advanced road construction equipment and technology,and advanced road detection and assessment technologies.

Hybrid battery integrated by Zn-air and Zn-Co3O4 batteries at cell level

The construction of Zn based hybrid battery through the combination of Zn-air and Zn-Co3O4 batteries at cell level is a feasible strategy to integrate high voltage,specific capacity and energy density in one power supply equipment.For Zn based hybrid battery,an efficient cathode material with high specific capacitance and excellent ORR,OER activities is a vital component,which determines its performance in great extent.In this work,with Co based coordination polymer as precursor,oxygen vacancy-rich Co3 O4 based cathode material is synthesized.In this material Co3O4 particles with the size about 20 to 35 nm reside evenly in mesoporous carbon matrix doped by nitrogen atoms.In OER,the overpotential of this cathode material is merely 330 m V.Its ORR proceeds with a typical four electron process with half wave achieving 0.76 V.If charge/discharge at 1 A·g^-1,specific capacitance of this cathode material is 254.4 mAh·g^-1.As current density increases to 20 A·g^-1,the specific capacitance still arrives at 122.5 mAh·g^-1 with nearly 50%retained.Based on attractive performance of this cathode material,Zn based hybrid battery is assembled.When discharge at 1 m A·cm-2,it presences two voltage platforms at 1.71 and 1.14 V.In this situation,specific capacitance reaches 790 m Ah·g^-1 with energy density 928 Wh·kg^-1.Hybrid battery shows promising stability after 300-cycle continuous test.

Causes of Recurrence of Rice Chilo suppressalis( Walker) in Longyou County and Prevention and Control Measures

In recent years,the occurrence of rice Chilo suppressalis( Walker) in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province has increased year by year and has become aggravated. This poses a great threat to the safety of rice production. In order to curb the recurrence momentum of rice C. suppressalis,according to the dynamic monitoring and field system survey of rice C. suppressalis in Longyou County since 2015,the causes of the annual increase of rice C. suppressalis in recent years were analyzed,and the recurrence area of C. suppressalis was introduced,and finally some prevention and control measures were put forward.

MiR-378a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via directly targeting RAB31 and inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway proteins GLI1/2

Objective:To improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(GC),more effective therapeutic targets are urgently needed.Increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the progression of various tumors,and RAS-associated protein in the brain 31(RAB31)is upregulated and promotes the progression of multiple malignant tumors.Here,we focused on identifying RAB31-targeted miRNAs and elucidating their potential mechanism in the progression of GC.Methods:RAB31 and miR-378a-3p expression levels were detected in paired fresh GC tissues and GC cell lines.Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the miRNAs targeting RAB31 and the relationships between RAB31 and other genes.Dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeted interaction relationship.CCK-8,colony formation,flow cytometry,wound healing,and Transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion of GC cells.Tumorsphere formation assays were performed to assess the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells.Related proteins were detected by Western blot.Xenograft assays in nude mice were performed to explore the effect of miR-378a-3p in vivo.Results:We report the first evidence that miR-378a-3p is downregulated in GC,whereas its overexpression inhibits proliferation,invasion,and migration as well as promotes apoptosis in GC cells.Mechanistically,miR-378a-3p inhibits the progression of GC by directly targeting RAB31.Restoring RAB31 expression partially offsets the inhibitory effect of miR-378a-3p.Further research revealed that miR-378a-3p inhibits GLI1/2 in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells.Finally,xenograft assays showed that miR-378a-3p inhibits GC tumorigenesis in vivo.Conclusions:MiR-378a-3p inhibits GC progression by directly targeting RAB31 and inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway proteins GLI1/2.

Quantitative assessment of the breast cancer marker HER2 using a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)is an important biomarker for detection and treatment of breast cancer.In this study,we developed monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain(ECD)of HER2 and established a rapid and accurate lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA)for use in community medical institutions.The gene sequence of human HER2-ECD was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)to construct the expression plasmid.HER2-ECD protein expressed in HEK293F cells was used to immunize BALB/c mice.The monoclonal antibodies were produced in mouse ascites and isolated by hybridoma cell screening.Antibodies were analyzed for purity by SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis)and affinity was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)while subtypes were detected using the commercial kits.The HER2-ECD test strip was prepared based on the sandwich method and evaluated using a portable detection instrument.The affinity of the paired antibodies,4D8 and 8D9,both reached 1×108 L/mol.Both antibodies specifically recognized the HER2-ECD protein in serum.The limit of detection(LOD)of the gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-based LFIA was 1.7 ng/mL with a detection range of 1.7-400 ng/mL,and the performance of the HER2-ECD strip correlated well with that of a Siemens chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA)kit.In conclusion,the paired antibodies were successfully prepared with high affinity and specificity.The AuNP-based LFIA of HER2-ECD provides a fast and accurate method to detect the concentration of HER2-ECD in serum samples for clinical use in community medical institutions,and could contribute to determining the progress of the disease or the effectiveness of treatment.

A gold-based multiplex immunochromatographic sensor for detecting paclitaxel

Paclitaxel(PTX),methotrexate(MTX),and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)are commonly-used small molecule anti-tumor drugs for breast cancer.Unfortunately,drug resistance occurs with long-term treatment or excessive use,and the high concentrations of PTX,MTX,and 5-FU in patients may lead to side effects with dose-limiting toxicities,such as myelosuppression,hepatotoxicity,and peripheral neuropathy.Therefore,concentration monitoring of PTX,MTX,and 5-FU in clinical treatment is very important.We prepared highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies using several haptens,and established a multiple paper-based sensor utilizing optical signals of gold nanoparticles,which simultaneously detected PTX,MTX,and 5-FU in human plasma or urine with 10 min.A portable scanner for quantitative detection in plasma and urine samples was used,and the calculated limit of detection(cLOD)values were 0.002 and 0.142μg/mL for PTX,0.187 and 0.976 ng/mL for MTX,and 0.057 and 0.128μg/mL for 5-FU,respectively.In the recovery test,the recovery rates and the coefficient of variation were 85.84%–108.81%and 1.23%–8.80%,respectively,indicating the reliability and accuracy of the multiple gold immunochromatographic strip(GIS).In addition,for the determination of collected clinical plasma samples,the correlation between the test data of the multiple GIS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS)was good.Therefore,the developed multiple GIS could be applied to the rapid detection of PTX,MTX,and 5-FU in different clinical samples.

相位分布管理的准二维钙钛矿薄膜在纳秒脉冲激光泵浦下实现高效放大自发发射

准二维钙钛矿表现出独特的光物理性质,这使它们成为激光技术潜在进步的优秀候选材料.高性能纳秒脉冲激光和放大自发发射(ASE)是实现连续波抽运光电泵浦激光器的关键工艺.然而,在纳秒脉冲激光泵浦下发展准二维钙钛矿ASE或激光仍然存在一些困难,包括表面缺陷浓度高、俄歇复合和能量传递效率低.本文通过无添加剂的Cs^(+)阳离子掺杂策略,可以很好地控制准二维钙钛矿膜的形貌和相分布,从而解决了低n相导致的能量传递途径不足的问题.本文通过快速的能量传递过程揭示了增益性质和载流子复合.基于此,掺杂适当比例Cs^(+)阳离子的PEA_(2)(FA_(0.7)Cs_(0.3))_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(10)钙钛矿膜的净增益系数比原始钙钛矿薄膜提高了近3倍,从而将纳秒激光激发下的放大自发发射阈值降低到1/3.研究结果表明,在准二维钙钛矿中掺杂Cs^(+)可为实现高性能激光器件的相位分布设计提供见解.

Aldehyde oxidase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health risks.In this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically investigated.Firstly,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde oxidase(AOX)and neurotransmitters,was revealed.The DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of S-configuration.Meanwhile,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX,resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.Thirdly,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,oxidized triglyceride(OxTG)and oxidized sphingomyelin(OxSM).This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

A multi-colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of 13 herbicides

Herbicide residues in agricultural products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health,therefore,there is an urgent need to establish a sensitive,rapid,and wide-ranging detection method.In this study,haptens of phenylurea herbicides(PUs)and sulfonylurea herbicides(SUs)were analyzed and designed based on computational simulation techniques,and two high-performance broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies against PUs and SUs were prepared.On this basis,a multi-colloidal gold immunochromatography assay(multi-CGIA)was developed to simultaneously detect 13 herbicides in wheat.The visual limit of detection(vLOD)for PUs including diuron,chlortoluron,neburon,chlorbromuron,and linuron was 1-2μg/kg.The vLOD for SUs including metsulfuron methyl,ethametsulfuron-methyl,sulfometuron-methyl,tribenuron methyl,cinosulfuron,triasulfuron,chlorimuron-ethyl,and chlorsulfuron was 2-10μg/kg.The results of real sample determination indicated that the multi-CGIA is accurate,stable,and reliable,and adaptable to on-site preliminary screening of actual samples.

Cement-inspired readily fabricated water-strengthened polymeric materials

Polymeric materials have penetrated all aspects of society and play an irreplaceable role.However,there is an inherent contradiction between their mechanical properties and processing behavior.Here,inspired by cement,a crucial construction material renowned for its excellent fabricating behavior and self-strengthening properties,we have developed dynamic crosslinked poly(oxime-urethane)(CPOU).The synthesized CPOU showed good self-healing ability and 3D printability owing to the dynamic dissociation and re-association of oxime-carbamate bonds.Simple objects printed through the fused deposition modeling technique were able to be readily assembled into complex architectures through intrinsic self-healing.Furthermore,the self-strengthening of CPOU was successfully realized through multiple-step tandem reactions.The dissociation of dynamic oxime-carbamate bonds produced–NCO groups,which reacted with the surrounding water to form polar urea bonds in the polymer network,leading to an increase in the tensile strength of CPOU from 11.95 to 19.37 MPa.This work not only develops the polymers with combined self-healing,facile fabricating,and self-strengthening properties but also provides a new molecular strategy to modulate the properties of polymers,which could be potentially applied in diverse areas.

A quadruplex immunochromatographic assay for the ultrasensitive detection of 11 anesthetics

Anesthetic residues in fish represent a potential risk to human health.Therefore,it is important to develop a sensitive and broad-specific method for the detection of anesthetics.In this study,we developed a colloidal gold-based quadruplex immunochromatographic(Qua-ICS)assay using four highly sensitive monoclonal antibody immunotherapy(mAbs)that simultaneously detected 11 anesthetic residues in fish within 10 min.The colorimetric and cut-off values(COVs)for procaines,eugenols,bupivacaines,and tricaine(TMS)were 0.37–1.1 and 3.3–10,11–222 and 100–2000,0.37 and 3.3,and 111 and 10,000µg/kg,respectively.Quantitative analysis was achieved with a portable strip-reader,and the detection ranges were 0.15–2.6,6.3–677,0.13–2.8,and 83–1245µg/kg for procaines,eugenols,bupivacaines,and tricaine,respectively.Our developed method was reliable and accurate according to the recovery test results and analyses of real samples.Therefore,the strip can be used as an alternative method for the rapid detection of anesthetic residues in fish.

用农作物秸秆高效生物合成人造淀粉和单细胞蛋白

全球人口快速增长和气候变化正在引发可能的粮食危机.本研究开发了一种利用现有且丰富的农业废弃物(秸秆)高效合成人造淀粉和微生物蛋白的新技术.利用没有辅酶的体外多酶分子机器和酿酒酵母进行一锅法生物转化,将预处理玉米秸秆中的纤维素进行酶水解合成人造淀粉,同时在有氧条件下发酵生产微生物蛋白.低成本去除β-葡萄糖糖苷酶的商业化纤维素酶以及在酿酒酵母细胞表面展示骨架蛋白用于固定淀粉磷酸化酶和纤维二糖磷酸化酶,构成一个多酶分子机器与酵母的复合体系,从而实现稀酸预处理秸秆的高效纤维素水解;利用纤维素水解中间产物的底物穿梭效应(从纤维素到微生物),快速消除葡萄糖对纤维素酶的产物抑制,比富含商业β-葡萄糖苷酶的纤维素酶混合物表现出更好的纤维素水解速率.动物实验结果显示,人造直链淀粉摄入引起缓慢平缓的血糖水平变化,表明直链淀粉作为预防肥胖和糖尿病的健康食品的应用前景.利用农业废弃物资源高效生物合成人造淀粉和微生物蛋白是解决粮食危机,实现农业可持续发展的重要途径之一.

Gold-nanoparticle-based multiplex immuno-strip biosensor for simultaneous determination of 83 antibiotics

Antibiotic residues,generated by the irrational use of drugs and environmental pollution,have always been a great challenge to aquaculture safety.Therefore,a quick,convenient,and performance-excellent way to detect antibiotic residues in aquaculture fish is urgently required.In this study,a multiplex immunochromatographic strip biosensor based on gold nanoparticles was developed for the simultaneous detection of five classes of antibiotic residues(24β-lactam antibiotics,26 sulfonamides,five tetracyclines,24 quinolones,and four amphenicols)in aquaculture fish within 10 min.The detection ranges of five representative antibiotics,penicillin G,sulfamethazine,tetracycline,enrofloxacin,and chloramphenicol,were 2.33–38.4,0.688–17.1,1.4–48.1,1.45–32.9,and 0.537–9.06μg/kg,respectively.The accuracy and stability of these measurements were demonstrated by analyzing spiked fish samples,with recovery rates of 87.5%–115.2%and a coefficient of variation<9.5%.The cross-reaction rates,based on the five representative antibiotics,were 3.77%–202%forβ-lactams,3.95%–137%for sulfonamides,9.19%–100%for tetracyclines,4.9%–145%for quinolones,and 3.2%–100%for amphenicols.The excellent testing performance of the biosensor strip to most of antibiotic residues in aquaculture fish ensures they meet the maximum residue limits required by countries or organizations.Therefore,this multiplex immunochromatographic strip biosensor is potentially applicable to the rapidly on-site determination of antibiotic residues in aquaculture fish.

氯虫苯甲酰胺体内潜在健康风险分析

氯虫苯甲酰胺作为全球第一大杀虫剂广泛应用于农业生产,以保护农作物免受病虫害侵袭.因其半衰期长,在食品及环境中持久存在持效期,对生物及人体产生潜在的健康威胁.前期相关研究表明氯虫苯甲酰胺可促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的脂肪生成并提高甘油三酯水平.长期暴露于氯虫苯甲酰胺的雌性大鼠与甲状腺腺瘤的发展和肝脏重量增加有关;雄性小鼠肝脏出现嗜酸性灶,并伴有肝脏重量增加和肝细胞肥大.本文通过口服氯虫苯甲酰胺暴露于雄性SD大鼠8周.基于代谢组学和脂质组学技术,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺暴露后血清和肝脏的反应,发现血清中甘油三酯水平显著升高,脂肪酸水平显著降低.通过基因表达分析和分子对接技术,揭示其背后机制.研究发现氯虫苯甲酰胺及其羟基化代谢物可与肝脏脂蛋白脂酶结合.靶向转录组和分子对接结果表明氯虫苯甲酰胺可抑制其活性,从而抑制肝脏合成或饮食中摄入的甘油三酯水解,导致血清中甘油三酯水平升高,脂肪酸水平降低.同时,肝脏和血清代谢组学表明肝脏中酰基肉碱的显著积累,血清中酰基肉碱的显著减少,其与线粒体脂肪酸氧化障碍密切相关.通过分析血清中的胆汁酸,表明酰基肉碱异常生成间接诱导胆汁酸代谢的失调.该研究可为双酰胺类杀虫剂的潜在健康风险分析提供重要数据支撑.

Polyoxometalate derived p-n heterojunction for optimized reaction interface and improved HER

MoS_(2) is a typical electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but the HER activity is spoilt by intensive adsorption towards H^(*),which requires further improvement.For n-type MoS_(2),the construction of p-n heterojunction with p-type MoO_(3) can reverse this situation,because inner electronic field in p-n heterojunction can facilitate H^(*) desorption.Based on this hypothesis,p-n heterojunction is built between MoS_(2) and MoO_(3) with polyoxometalate compound as precursor.The obtained MoO_(3)/MoS_(2) exhibits excellent HER activity,which only requires 68 mV to obtain 10 mA/cm^(2).With MoO_(3)/MoS_(2) as cathode material and Zn slice as anode,Zn-H^(+)battery is assembled.Its open circuit voltage achieves 1.11 V with short circuit current 151.4 mA/cm^(2).The peak power density of this Zn-H^(+) battery reaches 47.6 mW/cm^(2).When discharge at 10 mA/cm^(2),the specific capacity and energy density reach 728 mAh/g and 759 Wh/kg.In this process,H_(2) production rate of Zn-H^(+) battery achieves 364μmol/h with Faradic efficiency 97.8%.It realizes H_(2) production and electricity generation simultaneously.

Feasibility of feeding cadmium accumulator maize(Zea mays L.)to beef cattle:Discovering a strategy for eliminating phytoremediation residues

Eco-friendly and efficient strategies for eliminating cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation plant residues are needed. The present study investigated the feasibility of feeding Cd accumulator maize to beef cattle. In total, 20 cattle at 6 months of age were selected and randomly allocated into two groups fed with 85.82%(fresh basis) Cd accumulator maize (CAM) or normal maize (control [Con]) silage diets for 107 d. Feeding CAM did not affect the body weight (P=0.24), while it decreased feed intake and increased feed efficiency of beef cattle (P <0.01). Feeding CAM increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A and G, complement 3 and 4, blood urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide (P <0.05), and caused wider lumens in the renal tubules. The Cd residue in meat was 7μg/kg beyond the restriction for human food. In the muscle, the unsaturated fatty acids (t11C18:1 and C20:4), Lys, Arg, Pro, and Cys were decreased, while the saturated fatty acids (C10:0, C12:0, and C17:0) and Leu were increased (P <0.05). Therefore, at the current feeding level, phytoremediation maize increased the feed efficiency of beef cattle, but did present risks to cattle health and production safety, and decreased the meat nutrition and flavor. Further research must be performed to determine whether a lower proper dose of phytoremediation maize and an appropriate feeding period may be possible to ensure no risk to cattle health and the supply of safe meat for humans.

紫花针茅根际和体内真菌群落结构及与土壤环境因子的相关性研究

【目的】探究青藏高原不同地区高寒草原紫花针茅根际和体内真菌群落的组成、多样性等特征,及与土壤环境因子(理化性质和酶活性)间的相互关系。【方法】从青藏高原不同地区采集紫花针茅样品,应用土壤化学方法分析根际土壤理化性质和酶活性,并采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,解析根际土壤和体内真菌群落组成和丰度、Alpha多样性和菌群结构,同时分析了紫花针茅根际真菌种群多样性与土壤环境因子的相关性,厘清了影响紫花针茅根际真菌区系的土壤环境因素。【结果】三个采样地的根际土壤呈中性偏碱,土壤理化性质和酶活性变化各异。高通量测序共得到314801条有效序列和4491个OTUs;XZ样地的紫花针茅真菌多样性和丰富度相对偏低,GS样地最高。在门分类水平上,子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota是主要内生真菌类群,占总菌群的88.28%。不同采样地区紫花针茅体内真菌群落结构存在明显差异,而根际土壤真菌群落结构差异不大。相关性分析表明,紫花针茅真菌多样性与土壤pH、有效钾、铁、钙、镁、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和脱氢酶呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,而与海拔、土壤酸性磷酸酶呈极显著负相关。RDA分析发现,紫花针茅根际土壤真菌不同,影响的土壤环境因子也不同。【结论】青藏高原高寒草地紫花针茅根际和体内栖息着丰富的真菌群落,其组成和多样性受多种土壤环境因子影响,且影响不同真菌群落的主要土壤环境因子也不同。本研究对于有益微生物资源的开发、利用及保护具有重要意义,并为紫花针茅草原保育和合理开发利用提供科学依据。

Multiple detection of 15 triazine herbicides by gold nanoparticle based-paper sensor

Triazine herbicides have been widely used in agriculture,but their residues can harm the environment and human health.To help monitor these,we have developed an effective immunochromatographic strip test that can simultaneously detect 15 different triazines in grain samples(including ametryn,cyprazine,atraton,prometon,prometryn,atrazine,propazine,terbuthylazine,simetryn,trietazine,secbumeton,simazine,desmetryn,terbumeton and simetone).Based on our optimization procedure,the visual limit of detection(vLOD)for these triazines was found to be 2–10 ng/mL in assay buffer,and 0.02–0.1 mg/kg in grain samples.Four different grain matrices including corn,brown rice,wheat,and sorghum were studied and the test results showed no significant differences between the 15 triazines analyzed using this method.This test is simple,convenient,rapid,and low-cost,and could be an effective tool for primary screening of triazine residues in grain samples.