Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism

Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.

Presence of a long nuclear-localization signal sequence in homeodomain transcription factor Nkx 1.2

Homeodomains,a 60-amino acid sequence encoded by 180 nucleotides,are highly conserved DNA-binding motifs that are present in a variety of transcription factors in species ranging from yeast to humans.The NKX proteins belong to the homeodomain(HD)-containing transcription factor family.They play vital roles in the regulation of morphogenesis.NKX1-2 is one member of the NKX subfamily.At present,information about its nuclear localization signal(NLS)sequence is limited.We studied the NLS sequence of zebrafish Nkx1.2 by introducing sequence changes such as deletion,mutation,and truncation,and identified an NLS motif(QNRRTKWKKQ)that is localized at the C-terminus of the homeodomain.Moreover,the deletion of two amino acid residues(RR)in this NLS motif prevents Nkx1.2 from entering the nucleus,indicating that the two amino acids are essential for Nkx1.2 nuclear localization.However,the NLS motif alone is unable to target cytoplasmic protein glutathione S-transferase(GST)to the nucleus.An intact homeodomain is necessary for mediating the complete nuclear transport of cytoplasmic protein.Unlike most nuclear import proteins with short NLS sequences,a long NLS is present in zebrafish Nkx1.2.We also demonstrated that the sequences of homeodomain of NKX1.2 are well conserved among different species.This study is informative to verify the function of the NKX1.2 protein.

Low‑Temperature Fabrication of Stable Black‑Phase CsPbI_(3) Perovskite Flexible Photodetectors Toward Wearable Health Monitoring

Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further applications.Conversely,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable devices.In this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride additive.The released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)Jones.Furthermore,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable photodetectors.This work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.

Oscillation neuron based on a low-variability threshold switching device for high-performance neuromorphic computing

Low-power and low-variability artificial neuronal devices are highly desired for high-performance neuromorphic computing.In this paper,an oscillation neuron based on a low-variability Ag nanodots(NDs)threshold switching(TS)device with low operation voltage,large on/off ratio and high uniformity is presented.Measurement results indicate that this neuron demonstrates self-oscillation behavior under applied voltages as low as 1 V.The oscillation frequency increases with the applied voltage pulse amplitude and decreases with the load resistance.It can then be used to evaluate the resistive random-access memory(RRAM)synaptic weights accurately when the oscillation neuron is connected to the output of the RRAM crossbar array for neuromorphic computing.Meanwhile,simulation results show that a large RRAM crossbar array(>128×128)can be supported by our oscillation neuron owing to the high on/off ratio(>10^(8))of Ag NDs TS device.Moreover,the high uniformity of the Ag NDs TS device helps improve the distribution of the output frequency and suppress the degradation of neural network recognition accuracy(<1%).Therefore,the developed oscillation neuron based on the Ag NDs TS device shows great potential for future neuromorphic computing applications.

Hydrological Response to Climate and Land Use Changes in the Dry–Warm Valley of the Upper Yangtze River

The hydrological process in the dry–warm valley of the mountainous area of southwest China has unique characteristics and has attracted scientific attention worldwide.Given that this is an area with fragile ecosystems and intensive water resource conflicts in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,a systematic identification of its hydrological responses to climate and land use variations needs to be performed.In this study,MIKE SHE was employed and calibrated for the Anning River Basin in the dry–warm valley.Subsequently,a deep learning neural network model of the long short-term memory(LSTM)and a traditional multi-model ensemble mean(MMEM)method were used for an ensemble of 31 global climate models(GCMs)for climate projection.The cellular automata–Markov model was implemented to project the spatial pattern of land use considering climatic,social,and economic conditions.Four sets of climate projections and three sets of land use projections were generated and fed into the MIKE SHE to project hydrologic responses from 2021 to 2050.For the calibration and first validation periods of the daily simulation,the coefficients of determination(R)were 0.85 and 0.87 and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values were 0.72 and 0.73,respectively.The advanced LSTM performed better than the traditional MMEM method for daily temperature and monthly precipitation.The average monthly temperature projection under representative concentration pathway 8.5(RCP8.5)was expected to be slightly higher than that under RCP4.5;this is contrary to the average monthly precipitation from June to October.The variations in streamflow and actual evapotranspiration(ET)were both more sensitive to climate change than to land use change.There was no significant relationship between the variations in streamflow and the ET in the study area.This work could provide general variation conditions and a range of hydrologic responses to complex and changing environments,thereby assisting with stochastic uncertainty and optimizing water resource management in critical regions.

Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and atherothrombotic stroke

Previous studies have demonstrated that Helicobacterpylori infection is associated with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, but the correlation between Helicobacterpylori infection and ischemic stroke remains unclear. The present study assessed the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on atherothrombotic stroke. This study included 115 individuals with atherothrombotic stroke, all of whom were patients receiving treatment at the Department of Neurology, Aerospace Central Hospital （Aerospace Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Peking University） in China, from March 2006 to July 2009. In addition, 131 controls without the history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease or atherothrombosis were also enrolled in the study. Results show that the Helicobacterpylori-lgG positive rate was greater in the atherothrombotic stroke patients than in the controls, but the difference was not statistically significant （67.8% vs. 61.8%, OR = 1.301,95%C/： 0.769-2.203, P = 0.327）. After correction for potential risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection and known risk factors for ischemic stroke, no significant difference was detected between them （OR = 1.278, 95%C1： 0.667-2.449, P = 0.459）. These results indicate that there is no specific correlation between Helicobacterpylori infection and atherothrombotic stroke. This finding requires further verification in large-sample prospective studies.

A novel electron-phonon coupling thermoelasticity with Burgers electronic heat transfer

The electron-phonon interaction can reveal the microscopic mechanism of heat transfer in metals.The two-step heat conduction considering electron-phonon interaction has become an effective theoretical model for extreme environments,such as micro-scale and ultrafast processes.In this work,the two-step heat transfer model is further extended by considering the Burgers heat conduction model with the secondorder heat flux rate for electrons.Then,a novel generalized electron-phonon coupling thermoelasticity is proposed with the Burgers electronic heat transfer.Then,the problem of one-dimensional semi-infinite copper strip subject to a thermal shock at one side is studied by the Burgers two-step(BTS)model.The thermoelastic analytical solutions are systematically derived in the Laplace domain,and the numerical Laplace inversion method is adopted to obtain the transient responses.The new model is compared with the parabolic two-step(PTS)model and the hyperbolic two-step(HTS)model.The results show that in ultrafast heating,the BTS model has the same wave front jump as the HTS model.The present model has the faster wave speed,and predicts the bigger disturbed regions than the HTS model.More deeply,all two-step models also have the faster wave speeds than one-step models.This work may benefit the theoretical modeling of ultrafast heating of metals.

Correlation Analysis of Fiscal Revenue and Housing Sales Price Based on Multiple Linear Regression Model

This paper selects seven indicators of financial revenue and housing sales price in recent 19 years in China,and uses SPSS and Excel to carry out descriptive statistics,independent sample t-test,correlation analysis and regression analysis to comprehensively study the correlation between financial revenue and housing sales price in China,and establishes the relationship between financial revenue and housing sales price When the average selling price of commercial housing increases by one unit,the fiscal revenue will increase by 27.855 points.

Deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges based on SBAS-InSAR technology

The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy in bridge deformation monitoring.This study monitored the deformation of the Ganjiang Super Bridge based on the small baseline subsets(SBAS)In SAR technology and Sentinel-1A data.We analyzed the deformation results combined with bridge structure,temperature,and riverbed sediment scouring.The results are as follows:(1)The Ganjiang Super Bridge area is stable overall,with deformation rates ranging from-15.6 mm/yr to 10.7 mm/yr(2)The settlement of the Ganjiang Super Bridge deck gradually increases from the bridge tower toward the main span,which conforms to the typical deformation pattern of a cable-stayed bridge.(3)The sediment scouring from the riverbed cause the serious settlement on the bridge’s east side compared with that on the west side.(4)The bridge deformation negatively correlates with temperature,with a faster settlement at a higher temperature and a slow rebound trend at a lower temperature.The study findings can provide scientific data support for the health monitoring of long-span railway bridges.

Deep tectonics and seismogenic mechanisms of the seismic source zone of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake on December 18,2023,at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

On December 18,2023,an M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan,Gansu Province,China.This earthquake happened in the eastern region of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,which is situated at the forefront of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau(i.e.,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),encompassing a rhombic-shaped area that intersects the Qilian-Qaidam Basin,Alxa Block,Ordos Block,and South China Block.In this study,we analyzed the deep tectonic pattern of the Jishishan earthquake by incorporating data on the crustal thickness,velocity structure,global navigation satellite system(GNSS)strain field,and anisotropy.We discovered that the location of the earthquake was related to changes in the crustal structure.The results showed that the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in a unique position,with rapid changes in the crustal thickness,Vp/Vs,phase velocity,and S-wave velocity.The epicenter of the earthquake was situated at the transition zone between high and low velocities and was in proximity to a low-velocity region.Additionally,the source area is flanked by two high-velocity anomalies from the east and west.The principal compressive strain orientation near the Lajishan Fault is primarily in the NNE and NE directions,which align with the principal compressive stress direction in this region.In some areas of the Lajishan Fault,the principal compressive strain orientations show the NNW direction,consistent with the direction of the upper crustal fast-wave polarization from local earthquakes and the phase velocity azimuthal anisotropy.These features underscore the relationship between the occurrence of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake and the deep inhomogeneous structure and deep tectonic characteristics.The NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau was thickened by crustal extension in the process of northeastward expansion,and the middle and lower crustal materials underwent structural deformation and may have been filled with salt-containing fluids during the extension process.The presence of this weak layer makes it easier for strong earthquakes to occur through the release of overlying rigid crustal stresses.However,it is unlikely that an earthquake of comparable or larger magnitude would occur in the short term(e.g.,in one year)at the Jishishan east margin fault.

Identification and characterization of genes related to m^(6)A modification in kiwifruit using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq

N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)RNA modification is a conserved mechanism that regulates the fate of RNA across eukaryotic organisms.Despite its significance,a comprehensive analysis of m^(6)A-related genes in non-model plants,such as kiwifruit,is lacking.Here,we identified 36 m^(6)A-related genes in the kiwifruit genome according to homology and phylogenetic inference.We performed bioinformatics and evolutionary analyses of the writer,eraser,and reader families of m^(6)A modification.Reanalysis of public RNA-seq data collected from samples under various biotic and abiotic stresses indicated that most m^(6)A-related genes were remarkably expressed under different conditions.Through construction of gene co-expression networks,we found significant correlations between several m^(6)A-related genes and transcription factors(TFs)as well as receptor-like genes during the development and ripening of kiwifruit.Furthermore,we performed ATAC-seq assays on diverse kiwifruit tissues to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of m^(6)A-related genes.We identified 10 common open chromatin regions that were present in at least two tissues,and these regions might serve as potential binding sites for MADS protein,C2H2 protein,and other predicted TFs.Our study offers comprehensive insights into the gene family of m^(6)A-related components in kiwifruit,which will lay foundation for exploring mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation involved in development and adaptation of kiwifruit.

定向距离函数的光滑化方法及其应用

本文考虑定向距离函数的光滑化表示及其应用。首先在已有的两种光滑化方法的基础上,给出了这类特殊的非光滑函数的光滑化表示。作为特例,在二维空间中,给出该函数更具体的光滑化函数。最后利用定向距离函数的光滑化函数以及它在多目标优化问题标量化方法中的应用,建立非光滑多目标优化问题的光滑标量化模型,并给出了两者之间解集的关系。

Distributed Predefined-Time Control for Cooperative Tracking of Multiple Quadrotor UAVs

Dear Editor,This letter addresses the predefined-time control for cooperative tracking of multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under a directed communication network.A predefined-time distributed estimator is first introduced to accurately get the reference velocity and acceleration for each UAV.

基于智能水凝胶薄膜电极构建可视化分子逻辑门的综合化学实验的课程思政设计

本案例将多种思政元素融入到智能水凝胶薄膜电极的制备、表征及其应用于构筑可视化分子逻辑门的综合化学实验中,通过多学科交叉研究搭建基础教学与前沿科技的桥梁,引导学生关心国家新兴材料研发、可持续发展和数字信息加密等问题。本案例的设计有助于培养学生服务国家战略和经济社会发展的责任感,勇于创新和攀登科学高峰的使命感等意志品质。

基于代谢组学探究豨芍方治疗神经性病理性疼痛的镇痛机制

目的:通过代谢组学和网络药理学探究豨芍方(Xi Shao Formula,XSF)治疗神经性疼痛(neuropathic pain,NP)的机制。方法:建立NP的坐骨神经慢性压缩损伤(chronic compression injury,CCI)模型。造模后,分别给予生理盐水、XSF或阳性对照药物普瑞巴林灌胃治疗21天。通过代谢组学分析,明确XSF在体内的主要血清代谢产物和代谢途径。通过网络药理学和液相色谱–质谱仪分析,探究XSF治疗NP的主要活性成分和可能作用靶点。在此基础上,进一步整合代谢组学和网络药理学研究结果,使用Cytoscape 3.9.1绘制XSF治疗NP的“靶点–代谢途径–代谢物”网络关系图,并通过分子对接进行结果验证。结果:通过代谢组学分析,共获得XSF治疗NP中具有显著变化的差异代谢物11个,并通过功能富集分析获得了8条相关代谢通路。进一步通过联合代谢组学和网络药理学研究发现,“单胺氧化酶A(MAOA)/单胺氧化酶B(MAOB)/酪氨酸酶(TYR)–酪氨酸代谢途径–龙胆酸钠”可能是XSF治疗NP的重要网络途径。此外,分子对接结果显示XSF的活性成分与MAOA、MAOB和TYR(结合能<-5 kcal/mol)之间均具有高亲和力且相互作用稳定。结论:我们的发现进一步明确了XSF治疗NP的镇痛药效及作用机制,为XSF的临床应用和机制研究提供了科学基础。

The Research on Grounding Protection for 110kV Resistance Grounding Distribution System

Using the neutral grounding method by the resistance in 110?kV system, it can limit the voltage sag and short circuit current when one-phase grounding fault occurred, but it will change the sequence of the network structure and parameters. This paper analyzes the size and distribution of zero sequence voltage and current when one-phase grounding fault occurred in the 110 kV resistance grounding system, and puts forward the grounding protection configuration setting principle of this system combining the power supplying characteristics of 110?kV distribution network. In a reforming substation as an example, the grounding protection of 110 kV lines and transformer have been set and calculated.

方寸之间,大放“光”彩——介绍一个中级分析化学实验

设计了一个中级分析化学实验,将化学发光检测在纸芯片上完成。以硝酸铜和1,3,5-均苯三甲酸(H3BTC)为原料,水热法合成金属有机框架材料(MOFs),将此MOFs负载在纸芯片上,利用其对鲁米诺-H_(2)O_(2)化学发光体系的催化作用,可实现微量H_(2)O_(2)含量的测定。本实验可锻炼学生综合实验的动手能力,掌握数据处理过程,使师范生的创新能力得到提高。

Meta-analysis of the relationship between cytotoxin-associated gene-A and ischemic stroke subtypes

OBJECTIVE： To assess the role of cytotoxin-associated gene-A （CagA） positive strains of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） in ischemic stroke （IS） subtypes. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration database, the CNKI database and the VIP database, from January 1997 to July 2010, was performed to find relevant studies. DATA SELECTION： Case-control studies relevant to CagA with IS and IS subtypes were selected. Data regarding related factors in the case group and control group were acquired using the same approach. All patients had been diagnosed as exhibiting IS using skull CT or MRI, and were etiologically typed according to the 1993 TOAST diagnosis criteria. Two investigators independently performed the same search and study selection. Meta-analyses were then performed for the selected studies using RevMan 5.0 software （Cochrane Collaboration） after strict screening. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were then conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Relationship of CagA with IS and IS subtypes. RESULTS： Eight studies were selected, involving data from 879 patients with IS, and 849 healthy controls. Five out of eight of the selected studies were related to large artery atherosclerosis （461 patients with IS and 497 health controls）. The results of our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between prior infection with CagA-positive strains and increased risk of IS （odds ratio （OR） = 2.31,95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.89-2.82, P 〈 0.01）, In addition, we found an association between infection with CagA-negative strains and IS （OR = 0.57, 95%C1：0.47 0.70, P 〈 0.01）. CagA positive and negative strains were found to correlate with large artery atherosclerosis （CagA-positive strains： OR = 2.87, 95%C/： 2.19-3.77, P 〈 0.01; CagA-negative strains： OR = 0.51, 95%CL 0.39 0.67, P 〈 0.01）. Because of the diversity of etiological factors in the case-control study, we conducted further analyses after correcting for confounding factors, and the overall effects were recalculated. The results revealed significant relationships between CagA-positive strains and IS （OR = 2.36, 95%C1： 1.84-3.02, P 〈 0.01）, and between CagA-positive strains and large artery atherosclerosis （OR = 3.10, 95%C1： 2.29-4.19, P 〈 0.01 ）. A heterogeneity test of CagA-positive strains in IS and its subtypes revealed good homogeneity （f = 0%; f = 0%） and we adopted a fixed-effects model to calculate OR. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the results of the meta-analysis were reliable. However, the funnel plot suggested that the experimental results may be affected by bias, possibly resulting from a lack of published studies reporting negative outcomes in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION： Infection with CagA-positive strains is a risk factor for IS, especially the large artery atherosclerosis subtype. However, the evidence from case-control studies is weak, and more prospective studies are required to conclusively determine whether infection by CagA-positive strains should be considered a novel risk factor for IS and its subtypes.

>35%5-junction space solar cells based on the direct bonding technique

Multijunction solar cells are the highest efficiency photovoltaic devices yet demonstrated for both space and terrestrial applications.In recent years five-junction cells based on the direct semiconductor bonding technique(SBT),demonstrates space efficiencies>35%and presents application potentials.In this paper,the major challenges for fabricating SBT 5J cells and their appropriate strategies involving structure tunning,band engineering and material tailoring are stated,and 4-cm235.4%(AM0,one sun)5J SBT cells are presented.Further efforts on detailed optical managements are required to improve the current generating and matching in subcells,to achieve efficiencies 36%-37%,or above.

纳米甲壳素基Pickering乳液辅助构筑相变微胶囊

相变微胶囊可以通过增加传热面积和防止泄漏来提高相变材料的热性能和机械性能。本文首先通过一种简单、高效的方法制备了纳米甲壳素,然后利用纳米甲壳素稳定石蜡制备Pickering乳液,最后通过乳液模板法得到相变微胶囊。文章着重研究了盐酸汽蒸甲壳素的时间,纳米甲壳素悬浮液的质量分数,核壳比等变量对微胶囊表面形貌和粒径的影响,实验结果表明,当汽蒸时间为5 h,纳米甲壳素悬浮液质量分数为0.5%,核壳比为3∶1时,所制得的相变微胶囊粒径为29.6μm,其熔融焓高达187.4 J/g,包覆率为71.6%。通过热重分析和加热/冷却循环测试对相变微胶囊的热稳定性和热循环性能进行表征,结果表明微胶囊具有良好的热循环稳定性。