舟山群岛外海域鱼类数量分布与环境因子的关系

根据2018年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)在舟山群岛外海域进行的渔业资源调查资料,分析了鱼类的种类组成、数量分布和优势种,并用典范对应分析方法分析了其与水文环境之间的关系。结果表明,舟山群岛外海域鱼类有106种,隶属于12目47科80属,春、秋季鱼类质量密度分别为210.50 kg/km^2和829.06 kg/km^2,尾数密度分别为8.08×103 ind/km^2和165.94×10^3 ind/km^2。春季鱼类资源密度在调查海域的西北部较高,东部较低,而秋季鱼类资源密度在东部海域较高,西北部海域较低。两个季节的鱼类优势种更替明显,春季优势种为黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)、日本红娘鱼(Lepidotrigla japonica)、细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus),秋季为细条天竺鲷、日本发光鲷(Acropom japonicum)。鱼类种数呈现显著的季节和空间变化,但是都以西部以及西北部靠近近岸岛屿的海域种类数较高,大部分鱼类栖息在50~80 m水深海域。典范对应分析结果表明,表层温度、底层温度、表层盐度是影响调查海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布的主要环境因子。

液化天然气接收站取排水对渔业资源的影响研究——以温州LNG接收站工程为例

液化天然气接收站取排水过程的卷载效应、冷冲击效应和余氯效应均会对渔业资源造成一定影响。文章以温州LNG接收站工程为例,根据2017年11月在工程附近海域的渔业资源现状调查资料,定性分析了取排水对渔业资源的影响,并对卷载效应和余氯排放造成的渔业资源损失进行定量估算。温州LNG接收站工程建成投产近期运行期间,将造成鱼卵损失量为1.45×10^7 ind./a,仔鱼损失量为1.66×10^7 ind./a,鱼类幼体损失量为7.56×10^4 ind./a,虾类幼体损失量为8.68×10^4 ind./a,蟹类幼体损失量为0.04×10^3 ind./a。

跨海大桥工程对附近海域水质和生态环境的影响及其跟踪监测验证

为掌握跨海大桥工程的建设实施对附近海域水质和生态环境的影响,文章以舟山市小干二桥工程为例,系统分析工程施工期对附近海域水质和生态环境的影响因素、影响方式、影响性质和影响程度,并结合收集的工程附近海域历年水质和生态环境状况的跟踪监测资料,对比分析工程实施前后附近海域水质和生态环境的实际变化情况,验证工程的建设实施对附近海域水质和生态环境的影响程度。研究结果表明:小干二桥工程的建设实施对附近海域水质和生态环境的影响较小。

Monitoring and Evaluation of Present Situation of Environmental Quality in the Sea Area near the Aojiang Estuary in Wenzou

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary in Wenzou during 2010-2012,the present situation of environmental quality in the sea area was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that p H,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr) in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary did not exceed the second-class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but both inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the sea area exceeded the second-class standard seriously,and the water quality of the sea area was in an eutrophic state; domestic sewage and fertilizer loss were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. The standard index of most evaluation factors of sediment quality except for Zn was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

Monitoring and Assessment of Current Situation of Environmental Quality in Yueqing Bay

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in Yueqing Bay during 2007-2014,the current situation of environmental quality in the bay was analyzed and assessed. The results show that pH,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr)in the seawater of Yueqing Bay did not exceed the second class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the seawater of Yueqing Bay exceeded the second class standard seriously,and the water quality of the bay was in an eutrophic state; the standard index of evaluation factors of sediment quality was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Metals in Sediment from the Southern Coastal Wetland of the Qiantang Estuary by Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique

Metal pollution has become an major issue governing the wetland ecosystem health.The southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Estuary are facing unusual perturbation due to rapid development along the embayment in recent decades.This study evaluated the bioavailability of metals(Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Zn)in the sediment of the southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Es-tuary using diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)techniques and compared with several methods based on total metal content.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cd and Cu in sediment,as detected using DGT,were considerably correlated with the exchangeable fraction and the content in Phragmites australis roots,while a weak correlation was observed for Zn.Therefore,DGT analysis could be used to evaluate the bioavailability and potential risk of Cr,Cd,Pb and Cu for P.australis.Quantitative indices,such as DGT concentration,bioaccumulation in P.australis,geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and potential ecological risk index(RI),revealed that Cd was a major potential ecological risk factor along the southern coast wetland of the Qiantang Estuary,especially in the upstream region,which is potentially more vulnerable to the anthropogenic pollution.

深圳东涌红树林现状及其保育策略

东涌红树林位于深圳市大鹏新区东涌社区东涌河口,其中有较大面积的彩叶红树林景观,极具观赏与生态保育价值。2020年4-5月期间线路踏查及分类鉴定结果表明,其红树林湿地有真红树植物5科6属6种,半红树植物7科9属9种。真红树群落有海漆群落、秋茄群落、白骨壤群、桐花树群落、木榄群落、老鼠簕群落;半红树群落有黄槿群落、苦郎树群落、露兜树群落、草海桐群落、马甲子群落。其中海漆群落面积达2.39 hm^(2),占主要优势。计算了不同斑块的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数。现有红树林林地面积约4 hm^(2),在过去5年增加了近1 hm^(2),原因为东涌河道淤积为红树植物提供了新的生境。需要从管理与生境保护等方面加强东涌红树林保育。