人工智能时代的工商管理研究现状与未来

依据“基于人工智能技术的工商管理发展”学术研讨会,本文结合相关研究前沿问题和国家重大需求,系统总结了当前工商管理关于人工智能研究的现状、机遇与挑战。总体来看,当前研究主要将人工智能技术作为研究工具、方法或情景,将人工智能作为研究对象构建新创理论的实证研究相对不足,面临理论发展滞后、研究方法不足、研究路径单一、跨学科整合不足以及对相关伦理问题重视度不够等五大挑战。在此基础上,利用Web of Science全面检索并梳理了2022年1月至2024年3月间与人工智能主题直接相关的工商管理期刊论文225篇,归纳了当前工商管理学科各个细分方向研究的主要进展,凝练了面向人工智能的组织结构与设计、组织能力演化、组织行为与人力资源管理变革、人机协同、数字营销、金融财会风险监管、信息系统、管理哲学与文化等八大方面的关键科学问题,指出了我国工商管理学科在人工智能时代的发展目标与研究方向。

Multi-prior physics-enhanced neural network enables pixel super-resolution and twin-imagefree phase retrieval from single-shot hologram

Digital in-line holographic microscopy(DIHM)is a widely used interference technique for real-time reconstruction of living cells’morphological information with large space-bandwidth product and compact setup.However,the need for a larger pixel size of detector to improve imaging photosensitivity,field-of-view,and signal-to-noise ratio often leads to the loss of sub-pixel information and limited pixel resolution.Additionally,the twin-image appearing in the reconstruction severely degrades the quality of the reconstructed image.The deep learning(DL)approach has emerged as a powerful tool for phase retrieval in DIHM,effectively addressing these challenges.However,most DL-based strategies are datadriven or end-to-end net approaches,suffering from excessive data dependency and limited generalization ability.Herein,a novel multi-prior physics-enhanced neural network with pixel super-resolution(MPPN-PSR)for phase retrieval of DIHM is proposed.It encapsulates the physical model prior,sparsity prior and deep image prior in an untrained deep neural network.The effectiveness and feasibility of MPPN-PSR are demonstrated by comparing it with other traditional and learning-based phase retrieval methods.With the capabilities of pixel super-resolution,twin-image elimination and high-throughput jointly from a single-shot intensity measurement,the proposed DIHM approach is expected to be widely adopted in biomedical workflow and industrial measurement.

Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

A 54-fs diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:LuYSiO_(5) laser

We demonstrate a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:Lu YSiO_(5)(Yb:LYSO)laser with the pulse duration of 54 fs,corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of 25 nm centered at 1062 nm.To the best of our knowledge,this is the shortest pulse duration obtained from Yb:LYSO laser.At the repetition rate of 378.3 MHz,an output power of 111.6 m W is obtained using an output coupler with 0.6%transmittance,which can maintain long-time stable mode-locking more than 13 h.

Effect of particle gradation of aluminum on the explosion field pressure and temperature of RDX-based explosives in vacuum and air atmosphere

To optimize the energy output and improve the energy utilization efficiency of an aluminized explosive,an explosion device was developed and used to investigate the detonation pressure and temperature of R1(A16)aluminum powder and the aluminum powder particle gradation of R2(Al6+Al13),R3(Al6+Al24)and R4(Al6+AI flake)in a confined space.By using gas chromatography,quantitative analysis and calculations were carried out to analyze the gaseous detonation products.Finally,the reaction ratios of the aluminum powder and the explosion reaction equations were calculated.The results show that in a confined space,the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperature of the aluminum powder in air are higher than in vacuum.In vacuum,the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R3>R4>R2 and R3>R4>R1>R2,respectively.In air,the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium telperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R2>R4>R3 and R1>R4>R2>R3,respectively.R4(Al6+AI flake)and R3(Al6+A124)have relatively higher temperatures after detonation,which shows that the particle gradation method can enhance the reaction energy output of aluminum during the initial reaction stage of the explosion and increase the reaction ratio by10.6%and 8.0%,respectively.In air,the reaction ratio of AI6 aluminum powder can reach as high as 78.16%,and the reaction ratio is slightly reduced after particle gradation.Finally,the reaction equations of the explosives in vacuum and in air were calculated by quantitative analysis of the explosion products,which provides a powerful basis for the study of RDX-based explosive reactions.

Two New Sesquiterpenes from Euonymus phellomana Loes.

Two new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from Euonymus phellomana Loes. and their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis.

Triterpenoid Saponins from Clematis tangutica

Two new triterpenoid saponins, tanguticoside A and B were isolated from aerial part of Clematis tangutica. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28 O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosidel and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside2, respectively.

Two New Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens

Two new diterpenoids taibairubescensin A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from Isodon rubescens. The structures of compound 1 and 2 were elucidated as 2 beta,3 beta-diacetoxy-11 beta,13 alpha-dihydroxy-ent-kaur- 16-en-15-one (1) and 3 beta,11 beta-diacetoxy-2 beta,6 alpha-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one (2) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Investigation of gate oxide traps effect on NAND flash memory by TCAD simulation

The effects of gate oxide traps on gate leakage current and device performance of metal–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon(MONOS)-structured NAND flash memory are investigated through Sentaurus TCAD. The trap-assisted tunneling(TAT)model is implemented to simulate the leakage current of MONOS-structured memory cell. In this study, trap position, trap density, and trap energy are systematically analyzed for ascertaining their influences on gate leakage current, program/erase speed, and data retention properties. The results show that the traps in blocking layer significantly enhance the gate leakage current and also facilitates the cell program/erase. Trap density ~10^(18) cm^(-3) and trap energy ~ 1 eV in blocking layer can considerably improve cell program/erase speed without deteriorating data retention. The result conduces to understanding the role of gate oxide traps in cell degradation of MONOS-structured NAND flash memory.

顺行与逆行入路治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的单中心短期疗效比较

目的对比顺行与逆行入路AngioJet血栓清除装置治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的疗效, 探讨置入下腔静脉滤器的必要性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月北京积水潭医院血管外科66例(69条肢体)使用AngioJet治疗的急性下肢DVT患者的临床资料。按照操作与瓣膜开放方向不同分为顺行治疗和逆行治疗两组, 评估两种治疗方法的滤器血栓拦截率、肺栓塞发生率、血栓清除效果、静脉阻塞率和血栓复发率。结果 66例患者中, 滤器血栓拦截率为37.9%(25/66), 新发肺栓塞或肺栓塞加重发生率为3.0%(2/66), 总体滤器取出率为95.5%(63/66)。顺行治疗组41例, 其中血栓Ⅲ级清除15例, Ⅱ级清除25例, Ⅰ级清除1例, 3个月静脉阻塞和血栓复发率为4.9%(2/41);逆行治疗组28例, 其中血栓Ⅲ级清除11例, Ⅱ级清除14例, Ⅰ级清除3例, 3个月静脉阻塞和血栓复发率为7.1%(2/28)。结论顺行与逆行入路治疗下肢DVT均安全有效, 短期深静脉通畅率良好, 逆行操作血栓清除亦可获得良好的疗效;急性下肢DVT使用AngioJet血栓清除治疗时血栓脱落风险较高, 建议放置腔静脉滤器进行有效拦截。

Risk stratification in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease with conventional vascular risk factors and cerebral haemodynamics

Background and purpose Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(sICAS)is associated with a considerable risk of recurrent stroke despite contemporarily optimal medical treatment.Severity of luminal stenosis in sICAS and its haemodynamic significance quantified with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were associated with the risk of stroke recurrence.We aimed to develop and compare stroke risk prediction nomograms in sICAS,based on vascular risk factors and these metrics.Methods Patients with 50%-99%sICAS confirmed in CT angiography(CTA)were enrolled.Conventional vascular risk factors were collected.Severity of luminal stenosis in sICAS was dichotomised as moderate(50%-69%)and severe(70%-99%).Translesional pressure ratio(PR)and wall shear stress ratio(WSSR)were quantified via CTA-based CFD modelling;the haemodynamic status of sICAS was classified as normal(normal PR&WSSR),intermediate(otherwise)and abnormal(abnormal PR&WSSR).All patients received guideline-recommended medical treatment.We developed and compared performance of nomograms composed of these variables and independent predictors identified in multivariate logistic regression,in predicting the primary outcome,recurrent ischaemic stroke in the same territory(SIT)within 1 year.Results Among 245 sICAS patients,20(8.2%)had SIT.The D2H2A nomogram,incorporating diabetes,dyslipidaemia,haemodynamic status of sICAS,hypertension and age≥50 years,showed good calibration(P for Hosmer-Lemeshow test=0.560)and discrimination(C-statistic 0.73,95%CI 0.60 to 0.85).It also had better performance in risk reclassification and provided larger net benefits in decision curve analysis,compared with nomograms composed of conventional vascular risk factors only,and plus the severity of luminal stenosis in sICAS.Sensitivity analysis in patients with anterior-circulation sICAS showed similar results.Conclusions The D2H2A nomogram,incorporating conventional vascular risk factors and the haemodynamic significance of sICAS as assessed in CFD models,could be a useful tool to stratify sICAS patients for the risk of recurrent stroke under contemporarily optimal medical treatment.

Cerebral haemodynamics in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease:a narrative review of the assessment methods and clinical implications

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease(ICAD)is a common cause of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack(TIA)with a high recurrence rate.It is often referred to as intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS),when the plaque has caused significant narrowing of the vessel lumen.The lesion is usually considered‘symptomatic ICAD/ICAS’(sICAD/sICAS)when it has caused an ischaemic stroke or TIA.The severity of luminal stenosis has long been established as a prognostic factor for stroke relapse in sICAS.Yet,accumulating studies have also reported the important roles of plaque vulnerability,cerebral haemodynamics,collateral circulation,cerebral autoregulation and other factors in altering the stroke risks across patients with sICAS.In this review article,we focus on cerebral haemodynamics in sICAS.We reviewed imaging modalities/methods in assessing cerebral haemodynamics,the haemodynamic metrics provided by these methods and application of these methods in research and clinical practice.More importantly,we reviewed the significance of these haemodynamic features in governing the risk of stroke recurrence in sICAS.We also discussed other clinical implications of these haemodynamic features in sICAS,such as the associations with collateral recruitment and evolution of the lesion under medical treatment,and indications for more individualised blood pressure management for secondary stroke prevention.We then put forward some knowledge gaps and future directions on these topics.

The simultaneous removal of ammonium and manganese from surface water by MeO_x:Side effect of ammonium presence on manganese removal

Manganese and ammonium pollution in surface water sources has become a serious issue.In this study, a pilot-scale filtration system was used to investigate the effect of ammonium on manganese removal during the simultaneous removal of ammonium and manganese from surface water using a manganese co-oxide filter film(MeO_x ). The results showed that the manganese removal efficiency of MeO_x in the absence of ammonium was high and stable, and the removal efficiency could reach 70% even at 5.5 °C. When the influent ammonium concentration was lower than 0.7 mg/L, ammonium and manganese could be removed simultaneously. However, at an ammonium concentration of 1.5 mg/L, the manganese removal efficiency of the filter gradually decreased with time(from 96% to 46.20%). Nevertheless, there was no impact of manganese on ammonium removal. The mechanism by which ammonium negatively affected manganese removal was investigated, demonstrating that ammonium affected manganese removal mainly through two possible mechanisms. On one hand, the decreased p H caused by ammonium oxidation was unfavorable for the oxidation of manganese by MeO_x ; on the other hand, the presence of ammonium slowed the growth of new MeO_x and retarded the increase in the specific surface area of the Me Ox-coated sand, and induced changes in the morphology and crystal structure of Me Ox. Consequently, the manganese removal efficiency of the filter decreased when ammonium was present in the inlet water.

Literature review of peripheral vascular trauma:Is the era of intervention coming?

Traumatic peripheral vascular injury is a significant cause of disability and death either in civilian environments or on the battlefield.Penetrating trauma and blunt trauma are the most common forms of vascular injuries.Besides,iatrogenic arterial injury(IAI)is another pattern of vascular trauma.The management of peripheral vascular injuries has been improved in different environments and wars.There are different types of vascular injuries,such as vasospasm,contusion,intimal flaps,intimal disruption or hematoma,external compression,laceration,transection and focal wall defects,etc.The main clinical manifestations of vascular injuries are shock following massive hemorrhage and limb necrosis due to tissue and organ ischemia.Ultrasound,computed tomography angiography(CTA)and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)are most valuable for assessment of peripheral vascular injuries.Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing vascular trauma.Immediate hemorrhage control and rapid restoration of blood flow are the primary goals of vascular trauma treatment.There are many operative treatment methods for vascular injuries,such as vascular suture or ligation,vascular wall repair and vascular reconstruction with blood vessel prostheses or vascular grafts.Embolization,balloon dilation and covered stent implantation are the main endovascular techniques.Surgical operation is still the primary treatment for vascular injuries.Endovascular treatment is a promising alternative,proved to be safe and effective,and preferred selection for patients.In summary,rapid diagnosis and timely surgical intervention remain the mainstays of the treatment.However,many issues need to be resolved by further studies.

Comparison of traditional vascular reconstruction with covered stent in the treatment of subclavian artery injury

Purpose:To explore the significance of traditional vascular reconstruction and covered stent for limb salvage after subclavian artery injury.Methods:Patients with subclavian artery injury admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All the injuries have been confirmed by intraoperative exploration,computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography.Complete or partial amputation injuries were excluded.Mild artery defect or partial intimal damage was treated by interventional implantation,while other patients received open surgeries,including direct suture of small defect less than 2 cm and transplantation with autologous vein or artificial blood when the defect was more than 2 cm.Patients were divided into open surgery group and stent implantation group based on the treatment they received.Patients were followed up at 2 weeks(first stage)and 6 months(second stage)after operation to investigate limb salvage.Student's t-test was used to compare the general data between two groups and Chi-square test to analyze the rate of limb salvage.Results:Altogether 50 cases of subclavian artery injury were treated,including 36 cases of open surgery and 14 cases of stent implantation.Combination of nerve injury was observed in 27 cases(75.0%)in open surgery group and 12 cases(85.7%)in stent implantation group.Amputation developed in 3 cases with open surgery and 1 case with stent implantation.Consequently the rate of successful limb salvage was respectively 91.7%(33/36)and 92.9%(13/14),revealing no significant difference(p>0.05).Conclusion:Rapid reconstruction of blood circulation is crucial following subclavian artery injury,no matter what kinds of treatment strategies have been adopted.Interventional stent implantation can achieve a good effect for limb salvage.

Treatment strategy for traumatic innominate arterial injury

Purpose:To discuss and share the experience of treatment of traumatic innominate arterial injury.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with innominate arterial injuries admitted from January 2016 to July 2018 at the department of vascular surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,China.All the arterial injuries were confirmed by arteriography.Clinical data including mechanism of injury,type of injury,demographics,concomitant injuries,time interval from trauma to blood flow reconstruction,and operation methods were collected.Follow-up program included outpatient visit and duplex-ultrasonography.SPSS version 23.0 was adopted for data analysis.Categorical variables are presented as number and/or frequency and continuous variables as mean±standard deviation.Result:Altogether 7 patients were included and 6(85.7%)were male.The mean age of patients was(29.43±7.98)years,range 19-43 years.Six patients had isolated innominate arterial injuries and the rest 1 combined innominate arterial and vein injuries.The injury causes were road accidents in 3 patients,stab wound in 2,gunshot wound in 1,and crush injury in 1.All the 7 patients presented hemorrhagic shock at admission,which was timely and effectively corrected.No perioperative death or technical complications occurred.Intimal injury(n=2)and partial transaction(n=2)of the innominate artery were treated with covered stents.Two patients with complete transection of artery received vascular reconstruction by artificial grafts.One patient with partial transaction received balloon dilation and open surgical repair(hybrid operation).The mean time interval from trauma to blood flow reconstruction was(4.27±0.18)h,range 4.0e4.5 h;while the operation time was(48.57±19.94)min,range 25e75 min.Cerebral infarction occurred in one patient with brain injury due to anticoagulation contraindication.The average follow-up was(13.29±5.65)months,range 6e24 months.No severe stenosis,occlusion,and thrombosis of covered stents or artificial vessels were found by color Doppler ultrasound.Conclusion:Urgent control of hemorrhage and restoration of blood supply are critical for the treatment of traumatic innominate arterial injury.Endovascular therapy is a feasible and effective method with short operation time and less trauma.