Early prediction cardiac arrest in intensive care units:the value of laboratory indicator trends

The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has increased over the past decade,with more than half occurring in intensive care units (ICUs).^([1])ICU cardiac arrest (ICU-CA)presents unique challenges,with worse outcomes than those in monitored wards,highlighting the need for early detection and intervention.^([2])Up to 80%of patients exhibit signs of deterioration hours before IHCA.^([3])Although early warning scores based on vital signs are useful,their eff ectiveness in ICUs is limited due to abnormal physiological parameters.^([4])Laboratory markers,such as sodium,potassium,and lactate,are predictive of poor outcomes,^([5])but static measurements may not capture the patient’s trajectory.Trends in laboratory indicators,such as variability and extremes,may offer better predictive value.^([6])This study aimed to evaluate ICU-CA predictive factors,with a focus on vital signs and trends of laboratory indicators.

Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradien-Based Task Offloading Resource Allocation Joint Offloading

With the advancement of technology and the continuous innovation of applications, low-latency applications such as drones, online games and virtual reality are gradually becoming popular demands in modern society. However, these applications pose a great challenge to the traditional centralized mobile cloud computing paradigm, and it is obvious that the traditional cloud computing model is already struggling to meet such demands. To address the shortcomings of cloud computing, mobile edge computing has emerged. Mobile edge computing provides users with computing and storage resources by offloading computing tasks to servers at the edge of the network. However, most existing work only considers single-objective performance optimization in terms of latency or energy consumption, but not balanced optimization in terms of latency and energy consumption. To reduce task latency and device energy consumption, the problem of joint optimization of computation offloading and resource allocation in multi-cell, multi-user, multi-server MEC environments is investigated. In this paper, a dynamic computation offloading algorithm based on Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) is proposed to obtain the optimal policy. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the delay by 5 ms compared to PPO, 1.5 ms compared to DDPG and 10.7 ms compared to DQN, and reduces the energy consumption by 300 compared to PPO, 760 compared to DDPG and 380 compared to DQN. This fully proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper has excellent performance.

非血红素铁酶中动态配位变化对C-H键选择性胺化反应的调控机制

氮杂环丙烷结构广泛存在于天然生物碱中,具有杀菌、抗癌等作用.然而,目前关于生物体系在合成氮杂环丙烷结构过程中如何克服氮杂环丙烷高环张力带来的热力学不利因素,以及如何避免形成热力学更稳定的羟基化副产物的报道较少.TqaL_(NC)酶是目前非血红素酶家族中唯一一种能够依赖α-酮戊二酸活化C-H键,进而生成氮杂环丙烷结构的酶.深入探究TqaL_(NC)酶选择性生成氮杂环丙烷结构并避免羟基化副产物的机制,有助于深入理解非血红素铁酶家族在C-H键活化及官能化过程中的选择性调控机理.本文以TqaL_(NC)酶的晶体结构为基础,采用分子动力学(MD)模拟以及量子力学-分子力学(QM/MM)等多尺度模拟方法对TqaL_(NC)酶与L-缬氨酸(L-Val)、TqaL_(NC)酶与L-异亮氨酸(L-Ile)和F345A-TqaL_(NC)酶与L-异亮氨酸(L-Ile)三个反应过程进行了详细的机理研究.结果表明,TqaL_(NC)酶在反应过程中生成的直立式构象的Fe(Ⅳ)=O物种会通过构象异构化获得赤道面式构象,为底物(L-Val、L-Ile、L-homoalaine)上NH_(3)^(+)与Fe的配位提供结构基础.在水和关键酸性残基的介导下,底物NH_(3)^(+)两次脱去质子与Fe(Ⅳ)=O物种配位,生成HN-Fe(Ⅳ)=O结构.随后,Fe(Ⅳ)=O物种攫取底物H原子,生成HN-Fe(Ⅲ)-OH中间体.此时NH回弹反应比传统的OH回弹反应在动力学上更有优势,因此选择性地生成了氮杂环丙烷产物.在反应过程中,底物侧链与周围氨基酸的位阻效应是影响NH回弹反应能垒的重要因素.通过改变底物侧链大小(L-Val→L-Ile)以及附近氨基酸的突变(F345A)实验,证实了该结论.本文还通过理论计算预测了TqaL_(NC)酶与L-高丙氨酸的反应产物为羟基化产物,并通过新的实验证据进一步支持了理论预测的机理.此外,在HN-Fe(Ⅲ)-OH结构中,通过前线轨道理论分析发现,dπ*Fe-N,dπ*Fe-OH轨道的能量差是影响NH/OH回弹反应能垒的另一重要因素.当底物NH与Fe配位时,其配位作用能够使得dπ*Fe-N以及dπ*Fe-OH轨道有效分裂,这种分裂进而影响了反应路径的选择性,确保氮杂环丙烷产物的生成.综上,本文提出了依赖α-酮戊二酸酶催化合成氮杂环丙烷结构的新机理.研究发现,Fe中心的动态配位效应在实现C-H键选择性胺化反应并避免C-H键羟基化反应中起到了关键作用.该理论为非血红素Fe酶催化的非羟基化反应提供了新的见解,并为探索包括C-N/C-S/C-O等重要生物合成反应新机理的探究提供了新思路.

Engineering of oxygen vacancy and bismuth cluster assisted ultrathin Bi_(12)O_(17)Cl_(2)nanosheets with efficient and selective photoreduction of CO_(2)to CO

The photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into solar‐powered fuels is viewed as a forward‐looking strategy to address energy scarcity and global warming.This work demonstrated the selective photoreduction of CO_(2)to CO using ultrathin Bi_(12)O_(17)Cl_(2)nanosheets decorated with hydrothermally synthesized bismuth clusters and oxygen vacancies(OVs).The characterizations revealed that the coexistences of OVs and Bi clusters generated in situ contributed to the high efficiency of CO_(2)–CO conversion(64.3μmol g^(−1)h^(−1))and perfect selectivity.The OVs on the facet(001)of the ultrathin Bi_(12)O_(17)Cl_(2)nanosheets serve as sites for CO_(2)adsorption and activation sites,capturing photoexcited electrons and prolonging light absorption due to defect states.In addition,the Bi‐cluster generated in situ offers the ability to trap holes and the surface plasmonic resonance effect.This study offers great potential for the construction of semiconductor hybrids as multiphotocatalysts,capable of being used for the elimination and conversion of CO_(2)in terms of energy and environment.

Humanβ-defensin-1 affects the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and autophagy in colon cancer cells through long noncoding RNA TCONS_00014506

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality.Humanβ-defensin-1(hBD-1)may play an integral function in the innate immune system,contributing to the recognition and destruction of cancer cells.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth.AIM To investigate the effect of hBD-1 on the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy in human colon cancer SW620 cells.METHODS CCK8 assay was utilized for the detection of cell proliferation and determination of the optimal drug concentration.Colony formation assay was employed to assess the effect of hBD-1 on SW620 cell proliferation.Bioinformatics was used to screen potentially biologically significant lncRNAs related to the mTOR pathway.Additionally,p-mTOR(Ser2448),Beclin1,and LC3II/I expression levels in SW620 cells were assessed through Western blot analysis.RESULTS hBD-1 inhibited the proliferative ability of SW620 cells,as evidenced by the reduction in the colony formation capacity of SW620 cells upon exposure to hBD-1.hBD-1 decreased the expression of p-mTOR(Ser2448)protein and increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis identified seven lncRNAs(2 upregulated and 5 downregulated)related to the mTOR pathway.The lncRNA TCONS_00014506 was ultimately selected.Following the inhibition of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,exposure to hBD-1 inhibited p-mTOR(Ser2448)and promoted Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein expression.CONCLUSION hBD-1 inhibits the mTOR pathway and promotes autophagy by upregulating the expression of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 in SW620 cells.

PE/SEBS-g-MAH/SEBS的制备及防污性能

以聚乙烯(PE)网衣为基材,苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)和苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物(SEBS)为原料,通过浸涂法制备得到PE/SEBS-g-MAH/SEBS(PSMS);分析讨论了不同SEBS附着率时PSMS的力学性能、表面形貌、表面性质、抗蛋白吸附和抗大肠杆菌吸附等性能。结果表明,PSMS表面呈大小不一的泡孔形貌,且随着SEBS附着率的增大,PSMS表面泡孔密度增大,拉伸强度先增加后降低。当SEBS附着率为46.1%时,PSMS的拉伸强度和表面自由能分别为6.045 MPa和14.055 mN/m,抗蛋白吸附率达93.21%,同时兼具良好的抗大肠杆菌吸附性能。除此之外,PSMS在海洋挂板实验中也表现出良好的防污性能。

Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)inchildren.Methods:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed Database.SRs on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were included.The study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of CHM.The evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)criteria.The primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance time.The secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine levels.Results:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria.According to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point maximum.In all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with MPP.The evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(<5%).The most common downgrading factor was imprecision,followed by publication bias and inconsistency.Conclusion:This overview highlights the limited quality of the methodology and evidence of the included SRs.Although the included studies showed the beneficial effects of CHM on MPP in children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers:Design,properties and application

Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are a class of soft photonic crystals with periodic nanostructures.There are two kinds of chiral liquid crystal elastomers with structural colors:cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers with a one-dimensional helical nanostructure and blue-phase liquid crystal elastomers with a three-dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure.The self-assembled nanostructure of chiral liquid crystal elastomers can be dynamically controlled under external stimulation,and the reflected color can be adjusted throughout the visible light range.Along with the development of innovative material systems and cutting-edge manufacturing technologies,researchers have proposed diverse strategies to design and synthesize chiral liquid crystal elastomers and have thoroughly investigated their properties and potential applications.Here,we provide a systematic review of the progress in the design and fabrication of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers,focusing on the cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers via surface-enforced alignment,bar coating,3D printing,anisotropic deswelling methods as well as the three-dimensional selfassembly of blue-phase liquid crystal elastomers without additional alignment.Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are able to respond quickly to external stimuli and have a wide range of applications in areas such as adaptive optics,color-changing camouflage,soft robotics,and information encryption.This review concludes with a perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers.

Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)nestlings adapt their begging behavior to the host signal system

Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)dependent on parental care for post-hatching demonstrate an intriguing ability to modify their begging vocalizations to ensure maximum care and resources from their interspecific foster parents.Here,we compared begging calls of the Common Cuckoo nestlings fed by four host species,the Grey Bushchat(Saxicola ferreus),Siberian Stonechat(Saxicola maurus),Daurian Redstart(Phoenicurus auroreus),and Oriental Magpie-robin(Copsychus saularis).Results showed that begging calls of the stonechat-,redstart-,and robin-cuckoo resemble those of host species'nestlings in various aspects like low frequency,high frequency,frequency bandwidth and peak frequency,while the bushchat-cuckoo chicks'begging calls were only comparable to their host species in terms of how long they lasted and their peak frequency.In addition,cuckoo nestlings raised in different host nests displayed significant variations in their begging calls in low and peak frequency.This study suggests that cuckoo nestlings do not mimic host species nestlings'begging calls throughout the nestling period,but may tune their begging calls according to host species,while begging calls vary with cuckoo and host species nestlings'ages.Future research should study the parents'reactions to these calls in different host species for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptations.

Adipsin inhibits Irak2 mitochondrial translocation and improves fatty acid β-oxidation to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy

Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the myocardium to rely on fatty acid β-oxidation for energy. The accumulation of intracellular lipids and fatty acids in the myocardium usually results in lipotoxicity, which impairs myocardial function. Adipsin may play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of DCM. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory effect of Adipsin on DCM lipotoxicity and its molecular mechanism.MethodsA high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus model was constructed in mice with adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Adipsin (Adipsin-Tg). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down technique, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence colocalization analyses were used to investigate the molecules which can directly interact with Adipsin. The immunocolloidal gold method was also used to detect the interaction between Adipsin and its downstream modulator.ResultsThe expression of Adipsin was significantly downregulated in the HFD-induced DCM model (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Adipsin significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated cardiac remodeling in DCM (P < 0.05). Adipsin overexpression also alleviated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function in diabetic stress (P < 0.05). LC–MS/MS analysis, GST pull-down technique and Co-IP studies revealed that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 (Irak2) was a downstream regulator of Adipsin. Immunofluorescence analysis also revealed that Adipsin was co-localized with Irak2 in cardiomyocytes. Immunocolloidal gold electron microscopy and Western blotting analysis indicated that Adipsin inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of Irak2 in DCM, thus dampening the interaction between Irak2 and prohibitin (Phb)-optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) on mitochondria and improving the structural integrity and function of mitochondria (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in the presence of Irak2 knockdown, Adipsin overexpression did not further alleviate myocardial mitochondrial destruction and cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a downstream role of Irak2 in Adipsin-induced responses (P < 0.05). Consistent with these findings, overexpression of Adipsin after Irak2 knockdown did not further reduce the accumulation of lipids and their metabolites in the cardiac myocardium, nor did it enhance the oxidation capacity of cardiomyocytes expose to palmitate (PA) (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Irak2 may be a downstream regulator of Adipsin.ConclusionsAdipsin improves fatty acid β-oxidation and alleviates mitochondrial injury in DCM. The mechanism is related to Irak2 interaction and inhibition of Irak2 mitochondrial translocation.

Understanding the Activity Performance of Comets 38P/Stephan-Oterma,64P/Swift-Gehrels and C/2017 M4(ATLAS)through Broadband Photometric Observations

In this work,we report observations of three comets:38P/Stephan-Oterma,64P/Swift-Gehrels,and C/2017 M4(ATLAS),conducted with the Nanshan one-meter wide-field telescope in 2018 August and November,and 2019January.We extracted morphological features through image enhancement techniques and calculated the dust activity parameter,Afρ,along with dust mass loss rates and coma color indices using broadband photometric data.Our morphological analysis uncovered a spectrum of dust characteristics among the observed comets,ranging from a significant twisted structure in comet 38P/Stephan-Oterma’s coma to the regular coma envelope surrounding comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels.The Afρvalues varied between 148.8±0.3 cm for 64P/Swift-Gehrels and1118.5±6.2 cm for C/2017 M4(ATLAS)(measured within a reference aperture radius ofρ=6″),indicating a range from moderate to high activity levels.Dust mass loss rates were estimated from 328.1 kg s^(-1)for comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels to 1395.5 kg s^(-1)for comet C/2017 M4(ATLAS).The color indices of comets 38P/Stephan-Oterma and C/2017 M4(ATLAS)closely resemble the average colors of active short-period comets and active longperiod comets,respectively.In contrast,64P/Swift-Gehrels exhibits a significantly bluer hue than typical Jupiter family comets.

Construction of smart propellant with multi-morphologies

Smart materials,which exhibit shape memory behavior in response to external stimuli,have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications.In this study,an energetic composite was fabricated using a UV-assisted DIW 3D printing technique and a shape memory material(SMP)as the binder.This composite has the ability to reduce the impact of external factors and adjust gun propellant combustion behavior.The composition and 3D printing process were delineated,while the internal structure and shape memory performance of the composite material were studied.The energetic SMP composite exhibits an angle of reversal of 18 s at 70°,with a maximum elongation typically reaching up to 280% of the original length and a recovery length of approximately 105%during ten cycles.Additionally,thermal decomposition and combustion behavior were also demonstrated for the energetic SMP composite.

Severe hypoxemia after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation in palliatively repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)often have arrhythmias,commonly being atrial fibrillation(AF).Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for AF and does not usually cause severe postoperative hypoxemia,but the risk of complications may increase in patients with conditions such as TOF.CASE SUMMARY We report a young male patient with a history of TOF repair who developed severe hypoxemia after radiofrequency ablation for AF and was ultimately confirmed to have a new right-to-left shunt.The patient subsequently underwent atrial septal occlusion and eventually recovered.CONCLUSION Radiofrequency ablation may cause iatrogenic atrial septal injury;thus possible complications should be predicted in order to ensure successful treatment and patient safety.

Bone destruction of orbital wall in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor:does it always imply malignancy?

AIM:To assess the clinical presentations and outcomes of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP)patients with orbital wall bone destruction(OWBD)and to propose an expanded classification system that includes bone destruction.METHODS:The study retrospectively reviewed clinical presentations,imaging findings,treatment modalities,and outcomes of six patients diagnosed histopathologically with IOIP and OWBD at the Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University between October 2018 and June 2021.RESULTS:Over two years,6(10%)of 60 IOIP patients at our hospital exhibited OWBD,but this may overrepresent severe cases.The cohort consisted of three men and three women,aged 17 to 60y(mean 35.5±16.1y).Presenting symptoms included proptosis,eyelid swelling,decreased visual acuity with pain,and palpable mass.Imaging revealed multiple anatomical structures involved with the medial wall being the most common site of bone destruction.Histopathological examination showed classic type in five patients and sclerosing type in one patient.All patients underwent surgical resection followed by methylprednisolone treatment.Follow-up(mean 30.3±3.1mo)indicated three patients had no recurrence,while others had varying degrees of symptom persistence or recurrence.CONCLUSION:IOIP with bone destruction is a rare but significant subtype that mimics malignancy,leading to potential diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Our findings suggest that complete surgical resection combined with adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy can yield favorable outcomes.However,larger-scale studies are needed to further optimize therapeutic approaches.

Guiding function of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

AIM:To explore the role of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography(PET-CT)examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(OAML).METHODS:The general clinical data,postoperative PET-CT results,treatment regimens,and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected.Among the 21 patients,five patients underwent surgical treatment alone,13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy,and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy.RESULTS:The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo,with four cases of recurrence and no deaths.Through PETCT examination,two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis,and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis,while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis.Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation,while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally.CONCLUSION:PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection,aiding in precise disease staging,and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans,ultimately improving patient prognosis.

An Analysis of the Fragmentation of Observing Time At the Muztagh-Ata Site

Cloud cover plays a pivotal role in assessing observational conditions for astronomical site-testing.Except for the fraction of observing time,its fragmentation also wields a significant influence on the quality of nighttime sky clarity.In this article,we introduce the functionΓ∈[0,1],designed to comprehensively capture both the fraction of available observing time and its continuity.Leveraging in situ measurement data gathered at the Muztagh-Ata site between 2017 and 2021,we showcase the effectiveness of our approach.The statistical result illustrates that the Muztagh-Ata site affords approximately 122 nights that were absolutely clear and 205 very good nights annually,corresponding toΓ≥0.9 andΓ≥0.36 respectively.

Analysis of status and influencing factors of mental health in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder with varied clinical courses and prognoses,not only did the patients suffer from physical impairment,but also various physical and psychiatric comorbidities.Growing evidence have suggested that mental disorders in SLE patients,can lead to various adverse consequences.AIM To explored the features and influencing factors of mental health in patients with SLE and clarifying the correlations between mental health and personality characteristics and perceived social support.The results would provide a basis for psychological intervention in patients with SLE.METHODS The clinical data of 168 patients with SLE admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University between June 2020 and June 2022 were collected.Psychological assessment and correlation analysis were conducted using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and Perceived Social Support Scale,and the collected data were compared with the national norms in China.The relevant factors influencing mental health were identified by statistical analysis.A general information questionnaire,the Revised Life Orientation Test,and Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey were employed to assess optimism level and quality of life(QoL),respectively.RESULTS Patients with SLE obtained higher scores for the somatization,depression,anxiety,and phobic anxiety subscales than national norms(P<0.05).A correlation was identified between total social support and total SCL-90 score or each subscale(P<0.05).The factors significantly affecting patients’mental health were hormone dosage and disease activity index(DAI)(P<0.05).The average optimism score of patients with SLE was 14.36±4.42,and 30 cases were in the middle and lower levels.A positive correlation was found between optimism level and QoL scores.CONCLUSION Patients with SLE develop psychological disorders at varying degrees,which are significantly influenced by hormone dosage and DAI.Patients’mental health should be closely monitored during clinical diagnosis and treatment and provided adequate support in establishing positive,healthy thinking and behavior patterns and improving their optimism level and QoL.

Perovskite Self-Passivation with PCBM for Small Open-Circuit Voltage Loss

It is well known that [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a common n-type passivation material in PSCs, usually used as an interface modification layer. However, PCBM is extremely expensive and is not suitable for future industrialization. Herein, the various concentrations of PCBM as an additive are adopted for PSCs. It not only avoids the routine process of spin coating the multi-layer films, but also reduces the PCBM material and cost. Meanwhile, PCBM can passivate the grain surface and modulate morphology of perovskite films. Furthermore, the most important optical parameters of solar cells, the current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) were improved. Especially, when the PCBM doping ratio in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) precursor solution was 1 wt%, the device obtained the smallest Voc decay (less than 1%) in the p-i-n type PSCs with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layer (HTL) and fullerene (C60) as electron transport layer (ETL). The PSCs Voc stability improvement is attributed to enhanced crystallinity of photoactive layer and decreased non-radiative recombination by PCBM doping in the perovskites.

The Application of“Problem-Based Learning+Flipped Classroom”Teaching Model in Bilingual Education

This study focuses on the application of the“PBL(problem-based learning)+Flipped Classroom”teaching model in bilingual education,aiming to explore its potential to enhance the quality and effectiveness of bilingual teaching.PBL emphasizes learning through the resolution of real-world problems,while the Flipped Classroom advocates that students acquire basic knowledge through self-study before class,dedicating class time to in-depth discussions and practical activities.The integration of these two teaching models in bilingual education aims to stimulate students’interest in learning,improve their autonomous learning abilities,enhance critical thinking,and foster cross-cultural communication skills.Through literature review,case analysis,and empirical research,this study first examines the current applications and challenges of PBL and the Flipped Classroom in bilingual education.Subsequently,it elaborates on the specific implementation steps of the“PBL+Flipped Classroom”teaching model in bilingual education,including problem design,preview material provision,cooperative learning,classroom activities,and language support.A comparative experiment is then conducted to analyze the impact of this teaching model on students’learning motivation,academic performance,and cross-cultural communication skills.The results indicate that the“PBL+Flipped Classroom”teaching model significantly improves students’learning motivation and participation,enhances academic performance,and effectively boosts their cross-cultural communication skills.Furthermore,this model aids in cultivating students’autonomous learning abilities and critical thinking,providing an innovative and effective approach to bilingual education.This study offers new ideas and insights for the field of bilingual education,which is of great significance for promoting the innovation and development of bilingual teaching models.

AECOPD患者T淋巴细胞与肺功能及炎症指标的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者T淋巴细胞亚群与肺功能、超敏C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、一年急性加重次数的关系。方法 对66例AECOPD老年患者和63例健康老年人的资料进行分析,比较超敏CRP、总T淋巴细胞数目(CD3)、辅助性T淋巴细胞(CD4)、杀伤性T淋巴细胞(CD8)及辅助与杀伤细胞比值(CD4/CD8)的差异。将AECOPD患者按慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,GOLD)分级分为I—Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ—Ⅳ级组,比较不同组CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、超敏CRP的差异。分析CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8与FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC、超敏CRP、一年急性加重次数的相关性。结果 AECOPD组和健康对照组的体重指数、FEV1%pred、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、超敏CRP差异均有显著性(P <0.05);Ⅰ—Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ—Ⅳ级组的CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、超敏CRP水平不同(P <0.05);CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8与FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC呈正相关,与超敏CRP、急性加重次数呈负相关(P <0.05)。结论 AECOPD患者外周血CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8与肺功能、急性加重次数存在相关性,T淋巴细胞亚群或可作为判断COPD患者预后的指标。