Late Mesozoic magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula,East China:Implications for crust-mantle interactions and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton

A section from the Linglong gold deposit on the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula,East China,containing Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks from mafic and intermediate dikes and felsic intrusions,was chosen to investigate the lithospheric evolution of the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Zircon U-Pb data showed that low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions were emplaced during the Late Jurassic(~145 Ma) and late Early Cretaceous(112-107 Ma),respectively;high-Mg adakitic diorite and mafic dikes were also emplaced during the Early Cretaceous at^139 Ma and ~118 Ma,and 125-145 Ma and 115-120 Ma,respectively.The geochemical data,including whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,imply that the mafic dikes originated from the partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatised through hydrous fluids from a subducted oceanic slab.Low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC,while high-Mg adakitic diorite dikes originated from the mixing of mafic and felsic melts.Late Mesozoic magmatism showed that lithosphere-derived melts showed a similar source depth and that crust-derived felsic melts originated from the continuously thickened lower crust of the Jiaodong Peninsula from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.We infer that the lower crust of the eastern NCC was thickened through compression and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the NCC during the Middle Jurassic.Slab rollback of the plate from ~160 Ma resulted in lithospheric thinning and accompanied Late Mesozoic magmatism.

Understanding the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of doped single-atom catalysts on two-dimensional GaPS_(4) by DFT and machine learning

As a zero-carbon fuel,hydrogen can be produced via electrochemical water splitting using clean electric energy by the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)process.The ultimate goal of HER catalyst is to replace the expensive Pt metal benchmark with a cheap one with equivalent activities.In this work,we investigated the possibility of HER process on single-atom catalysts(SACs)doped on two-dimensional(2D)GaPS_(4)materials,which have a large intrinsic band gap that can be regulated by doping and tensile strain.Based on the machine learning regression analysis,we can expand the prediction of HER performance to more catalysts without expensive DFT calculation.The electron affinity and first ionization energy are the two most important descriptors related to the HER behavior.Furthermore,constrain molecular dynamics with solvation models and constant potentials were applied to understand the dynamics barrier of HER process of Pt SAC on GaPS_(4)materials.These findings not only provide important insights into the catalytic properties of single-atom catalysts on GaPS_(4)2D materials,but also provides theoretical guidance paradigm for exploration of new catalysts.

The cardiotoxicity and long-term efficacy of different doses of epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients: A case control study

Abstract Objective： The aim of the study was to observe the cardiac toxicity caused by different doses of epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and to evaluate the long-term efficacy. Methods： The 180 cases of breast cancer patients received epirubicin based adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients were randomly assigned to high-dosage group （90 rag/m^2）, medium-dosage group （70 mg/m^2） and low-dosage group （50 rag/m^2）, the primary endpoint was cardiac toxicity. The secondary outcomes were the 5-year overall survival （OS） and 5-year disease-free survival （DFS）. Results： During chemo- therapy, the clinical symptoms such as palpitation, dyspnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurred in 6 patients with the high-dosage group, 4 patients with the medium-dosage group and 3 patients with the low-dosage group. The number of patients who had changed in electrocardiogram （ECG） was 7, 5 and 4 in three groups, respectively. The echocardiographic showed each group had only one case with LVEF 〈 50%, there was no significantly difference （P 〉 0.05）. In the three groups, the 5-year DFS rates were 73.3% （44/60） in high-dose group, 53.3% （32/60） in medium-dose group and 41.6% （25/60） in low dose group. The 5-year OS rates were 85.0% （51/60）, 68.3% （41/60） and 58.3% （35/60） in three groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The high-dose epirubicin in adjuvant chemotherapy with CEF （cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil） regimen could improve the 5-year OS rate and 5-year DFS rate on patients of breast cancer. The cardiotoxicity was mild-moderate and well tolerated.

Evaluation of seed vigor in soybean germplasms from different eco-regions

Seed vigor plays an essential role in soybean production.Soybean seed is sensitive to environment and easy to get seed deterioration.Generally soybean seed vigor can be maintained for less than one year and have to be multiplied every year.Varieties with good seed vigor are essential for maintaining planting population and stable yield.In this research,419 germplasms from three eco-regions,South China,Huanghuai region and Northeast China,were evaluated for seed vigor by assessing germination ratio,germination potential and germination index.About 34.8%of tested germplasm had germination ratio equal or more than 85%,suggested by the national soybean seed quality standard of China.Only 9 from 82 tested cultivars met the seed standard.Seed germination ratio distribution had obvious regional feature.Landraces performed better seed vigor than cultivars.Germplasms from South China had stronger seed vigor compared to those from Huanghuai and Northeast regions.Seed vigor has no significant relationship with maturity and 100-seed weight.Totally 21 germplasms with strong seed vigor,favor maturation and seed size were identified and can be used in future breeding program.

A pilot study on Paxlovid therapy for hemodialysis patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections

We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir(Paxlovid)therapy for hemodialysis-dependent patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Thirteen hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 from April 3 to May 30,2022,were recruited.Laboratory parameters and chest CT(computed tomography)imaging were analyzed.The treatment group included six patients who received 150 mg/100 mg of Paxlovid orally once daily for 5 days,whereas the control group included seven patients who received basic treatment.No serious adverse reactions or safety events were recorded.Four control patients progressed to moderate disease,and none in the treatment group showed progression of chest CT findings(P<0.05).Paxlovid therapy tended toward early viral clearance and low viral load on Day 8.Moreover,83.3%of the patients in the treatment group and 57.1%of the patients in the control group turned negative within 22 days.In the Paxlovid treatment group,we found significantly increased levels of lymphocytes(P=0.03)and eosinophils(P=0.02)and decreased levels of D-dimer on Day 8 compared with those on Day 1.Paxlovid therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect with good tolerance in hemodialysis patients.The optimal dose and effectiveness evaluation must be further investigated in a largeer cohort.

Development of Wheel-Legged Biped Robots:A Review

The wheel-legged biped robot is a typical ground-based mobile robot that can combine the high velocity and high efficiency pertaining to wheeled motion and the strong,obstacle-crossing performance associated with legged motion.These robots have gradually exhibited satisfactory application potential in various harsh scenarios such as rubble rescue,military operations,and wilderness exploration.Wheel-legged biped robots are divided into four categories according to the open–close chain structure forms and operation task modes,and the latest technology research status is summarized in this paper.The hardware control system,control method,and application are analyzed,and the dynamic balance control for the two-wheel,biomimetic jumping control for the legs and whole-body control for integrating the wheels and legs are analyzed.In summary,it is observed that the current research exhibits problems,such as the insufficient application of novel materials and a rigid–flexible coupling design;the limited application of the advanced,intelligent control methods;the inadequate understanding of the bionic jumping mechanisms in robot legs;and the insufficient coordination ability of the multi-modal motion,which do not exhibit practical application for the wheel-legged biped robots.Finally,this study discusses the key research directions and development trends for the wheel-legged biped robots.

Metallogenetic model of Jiaodong-type gold deposits,eastern China

The genesis of giant gold provinces is an international scientific frontier,in which the source of a huge amount of gold and the drive for mineralization are key challenges.The mineralization intensity of the Jiaodong gold province in eastern China is a rare occasion in the world,because it owns gold reserves of~5500 tons within an area of less than 10,000 km^(2).The Jiaodong gold province formed in the superimposed domain of diverse tectonic regimes in an intracontinental setting.Paleoproterozoic regional peak metamorphism and Triassic continental collision are followed by the tectonic transition and gold mineralization at ca.120 Ma with time intervals of 1.9 billion years and about 100 million years,respectively.The Jiaodong gold deposits are different from orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits in terms of the tectonic background,types of host rocks,and oreforming mechanism.These gold deposits show close spatial-temporal and genetic relationships to mafic igneous rocks,implying the derivation of ore-forming fluids from the metasomatic mantle domains.Mafic dykes in Jiaodong have negativeε_(Hf)(t)values of-29.9 to-9.1,Os content of 0.002-0.16 ppb,heavyδ^(18)O up to 8.23‰,and high initial^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratios of 0.1352-0.8858.These indicate that the lithospheric mantle was metasomatized by ancient crust-derived components.The lithospheric mantle in the western Jiaodong shows generally more enriched isotope features than that in the eastern part,which is explained to be an important reason for its huge gold resources.The mafic dykes show lighter Mg isotope characteristics(averageδ^(26)Mg of-0.33‰,n=50)and high Ca O content(overall greater than 6.5 wt%),indicating that the lithospheric mantle would also record the metasomatism by the carbonate rocks from the subducting oceanic slab.Under the background of the rollback of the subducting paleo-Pacific slab and the destruction of the North China Craton,partial melting of the lower crust would produce granitic magmas that led to the enrichment of gold in the residual crust.The syn-mineralization asthenosphere upwelling would promote the recycling of the lower crust and the partial melting of the metasomatic mantle domains.Basic magmas,produced by the partial melting,and the mantle itself would degas to form ore fluids.The ore fluids would further leach gold in the lower crust to increase its fertility.The auriferous fluids were transported to the middle to upper crust along the detachment and strike-slip faults.Water-rock interaction and fluid immiscibility,which occurred in and above the ductile-brittle transition zone to induce gold precipitation,formed the Jiaodong gold deposits.Given the unique geological features and genetic model of the Jiaodong gold deposits,they can be defined as“Jiaodong-type”gold deposits.

TIGER:A Web Portal of Tumor Immunotherapy Gene Expression Resource

Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method;however,only a few patients benefit from it.The development of new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgently needed.Recently,high-throughput bulk and single-cell gene expression profling technologies have generated valuable resources.However,these resources are not well organized and systematic analysis is difficult.Here,we present TIGER,a tumor immunotherapy gene expression resource,which contains bulk transcriptome data of 1508 tumor samples with clinical immunotherapy outcomes and 11,057 tumor/normal samples without clinical immunotherapy outcomes,as well as single-cell transcriptome data of 2,116,945 immune cells from 655 samples.TIGER provides many useful modules for analyzing collected and user-provided data.Using the resource in TIGER,we identified a tumor-enriched subset of CD4^(+)T cells.Patients with melanoma with a higher signature score of this subset have a significantly better response and survival under immunotherapy.We believe that TIGER will be helpful in understanding anti-tumor immunity mechanisms and discovering effective biomarkers.

Design and Theoretical Research on Aerial-Aquatic Vehicles:A Review

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial and underwater vehicles,various tasks,such as biodiversity monitoring,surveying,and mapping,as well as,search and rescue can now be completed in a single medium,either underwater or in the air.By systematically examining the water–air cross-medium locomotion of organisms,there has been growing interest in the development of aerial-aquatic vehicles.The goal of this review is to provide a detailed outline of the design and cross-medium theoretical research of the existing aerial-aquatic vehicles based on the research on the organisms capable of transiting between water and air.Although these designs and theoretical frameworks have been validated in many aerial-aquatic vehicles,there are still many problems that need to be addressed,such as inflexible underwater motion and unstable medium conversion.As a result,supplementation of the existing cross-medium biomimetic research,vehicle design,power selection,and cross-medium theory is urgently required to optimize the key technologies in detail.Therefore,by summarizing the existing designs and theoretical approaches on aerial-aquatic vehicles,including biomimetic research on water–air cross-medium locomotion in nature,different power selections,and cross-medium theoretical research,the relative problems and development trends on aerial-aquatic vehicles were thoroughly explored,providing significant help for the subsequent research process.

Ultrathin Ni/V-layered double hydroxide nanosheets for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia

Ammonia is important for industrial development and human life.The traditional Haber Bosch method converts nitrogen into ammonia gas at high temperatures and pressures,causing serious pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.These problems prompt the nitrogen fixation method to proceed in a sustainable way.Ultrathin Ni/V-layered double hydroxides(Ni/V-LDHs)nanosheets with different proportions were prepared successfully for photocatalystic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia,through aqueous miscible organic solvent method(AMO)to achieve the higher surface area and rich oxygen vacancies,containing more carriers and active sites to enhance nitrogen reduction.And the optimal catalyst of Ni/V-LDHs 11 AMO possesses the highest photocatalytic efficiency(176μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),indicating its potential application prospects in catalyst fields.Consequently,this work achieves an environmentally friendly,low-cost and efficient conversion method for nitrogen reduction to ammonia through solar energy.

Photoexcited singlet enhanced oxygen reduction reaction with high selectivity on the photosensitizer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposite

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a pivotal role in advanced electrochemical energy conversion devices.However,the ORR conversion efficiency is extremely limited.The major obstacles originate from the adsorption and activation of O_(2)on the electrode surface.A novel nanocomposite catalyst,photosensitizers(PS)meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III)chloride(FePcCl)/NiCoFe-layered double hydroxides(NiCoFe-LDHs)is designed in this study.Herein,owing to excellent oxygen molecules activation ability and remarkable illumination absorption feature,FePcCl/NiCoFe-LDHs is employed to uncover the relationship between the intrinsic ORR activity and PS behaviour.Interestingly,the reaction mechanism of singlet 1O_(2)is proposed owing to the combination of electrochemical ORR catalysed via LDHs and PS.The boosted cathodic ORR properties exhibit singlet 1O_(2)dependent response arising from the synergistic effect to selectively produce active intermediates in alkaline medium.This work imparts the promising new mechanism about the high 4-electron ORR selectivity via material design,which will guide the development of photo-assisted energy conversion devices.

High-entropy layered oxides nanosheets for highly efficient photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)and application research

High-entropy oxides receive significant attention owing to their“four effects”.However,they still suffer from harsh construction conditions such as high temperature and high pressure and present a block-like structure.Herein,in this work,Ni-Mn-Cu-Co-Fe-Al high-entropy layered oxides(HELOs)with a layered nanosheet structure were constructed by a simple pathway of topological transformation under relatively low temperature(300℃)with six-membered Ni-Mn-Cu-Co-Fe-Al layered double hydroxides(LDHs)precursors,which exhibited an outstanding activity and excellent selectivity for CO_(2)photoelectroreduction(obtaining the highest carbon monoxide yield of 909.55μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1)under−0.8 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which is almost twice that of pure electrocatalysis).In addition,the charging voltage of a photo-assisted Zn-CO_(2)battery with HELOs as electrode was reduced from 2.62 to 2.40 V;the discharging voltage of the battery was increased from 0.51 to 0.59 V with the assistance of illumination.The improvement of round-trip efficiency of the battery indicates that light played a positive role in both the charging and discharging processes.This study not only lays an important foundation for the development of high-entropy oxides but also expands their application in the field of photoelectrochemistry.

Pathogen evolution, prevention/control strategy and clinical features of COVID-19: experiences from China

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was reported at the end of 2019 as a worldwide health concern causing a pandemic of unusual viral pneumonia and many other organ damages,which was defined by the World Health Organization as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The pandemic is considered a significant threat to global public health till now.In this review,we have summarized the lessons learnt during the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2,including its prototype and variants.The overall clinical features of variants of concern(VOC),heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations,radiology and pathology of COVID-19 patients are also discussed,along with advances in therapeutic agents.