H_(2)O及其中间体在缺电子Mn^((3+δ)+)位的自发增强吸附及其促进光催化产H_(2)O_(2)性能

过渡金属羟基氧化物已被证明是水氧化反应的可靠助催化剂。然而,在水氧化过程中它们对H_(2)O及其中间产物的吸附能力不足,极大制约了水氧化速率的提高。在本研究中,H_(2)O及其中间体在MnOOH助剂的缺电子Mn^((3+δ)+)上的自发增强吸附可以极大地促进水的快速氧化,从而在纯水体系中实现高效的光催化H_(2)O_(2)生成。首先,无定形MnOOH通过定向光诱导氧化方法选择性地沉积在AuPd改性的单晶BiVO_(4)光催化剂的(110)面上,从而制备了AuPd/BiVO_(4)/MnOOH光催化剂。光催化实验表明,所制备的AuPd/BiVO_(4)/MnOOH(0.5%)光催化剂的H_(2)O_(2)产生速率达到214μmol·L^(-1),并表现出良好的稳定性和重现性。密度泛函理论计算和X射线光电子能谱表征表明,MnOOH的自由电子可以有效地转移到BiVO_(4)上,诱导缺电子Mn位(Mn^((3+δ)+))的产生,从而自发地促进H_(2)O及其中间体的吸附,增强四电子WOR反应,导致H_(2)O_(2)的高效生成。本文关于助催化剂与主体催化剂之间强相互作用的工作为其它高效催化材料的合理设计提供了一种新的思路。

Development of RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay for rapid and reliable detection of human bocavirus 1

Human bocavirus(HBoV)1 is considered an important pathogen that mainly affects infants aged 6–24 months,but preventing viral transmission in resource-limited regions through rapid and affordable on-site diagnosis of individuals with early infection of HBoV1 remains somewhat challenging.Herein,we present a novel faster,lower cost,reliable method for the detection of HBoV1,which integrates a recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)assay with the CRISPR/Cas12a system,designated the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay.The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence system can specifically detect target gene levels as low as 0.5 copies of HBoV1 plasmid DNA per microliter within 40 min at 37℃without the need for sophisticated instruments.The method also demonstrates excellent specificity without cross-reactivity to non-target pathogens.Furthermore,the method was appraised using 28 clinical samples,and displayed high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90.9%and 100%,respectively.Therefore,our proposed rapid and sensitive HBoV1 detection method,the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay,shows promising potential for early on-site diagnosis of HBoV1 infection in the fields of public health and health care.The established RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay is rapid and reliable method for human bocavirus 1 detection.The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay can be completed within 40 min with robust specificity and sensitivity of 0.5 copies/μl.

Sulfur-mediated photodeposition synthesis of NiS cocatalyst for boosting H2-evolution performance of g-C3N4 photocatalyst

Modification of nickel sulfide cocatalysts is considered to be a promising approach for efficient enhancement of the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of g-C3N4.Providing more NiS cocatalyst to function as active sites of g-C3N4 is still highly desirable.To realize this goal,in this work,a facile sulfur-mediated photodeposition approach was developed.Specifically,photogenerated electrons excited by visible light reduce the S molecules absorbed on g-C3N4 surface to S^2‒,and subsequently NiS cocatalyst is formed in situ on the g-C3N4 surface by a combination of Ni2+and S2‒due to their small solubility product constant(Ksp=3.2×10^‒19).This approach has several advantages.The NiS cocatalyst is clearly in situ deposited on the photogenerated electron transfer sites of g-C3N4,and thus provides more active sites for H2 production.In addition,this method utilizes solar energy with mild reaction conditions at room temperature.Consequently,the synthesized NiS/g-C3N4 photocatalyst achieves excellent hydrogen generation performance with the performance of the optimal sample(244μmol h^‒1 g^‒1)close to that of 1 wt%Pt/g-C3N4(316μmol h^‒1 g^‒1,a well-known excellent photocatalyst).More importantly,the present sulfur-mediated photodeposition route is versatile and facile and can be used to deposit various metal sulfides such as CoSx,CuSx and AgSx on the g-C3N4 surface,and all the resulting metal sulfide-modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts exhibit improved H2-production performance.Our study offers a novel insight for the synthesis of high-efficiency photocatalysts.

Expanded endoscopic therapy criteria should be cautiously used in intramucosal gastric cancer

Objective： Accurate estimation of lymph node metastasis （LNM） in intramucosal gastric cancer is essential to select less invasive treatment options and even avoid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate combined clinicopathological features to predict the presence of LNM. Methods： A retrospective review of data from 386 intramucosaL gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy from 2003 to 2010 was conducted. The mutual relation between clinicopathological characteristics and LNM was analyzed. Results： LNM was detected in 40 （10.4%） of the 386 patients. Histological typeand vascular or lymphatic invasion presence showed a positive correlation with LNM occurrence by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that histological type was the only factor associated with LNM. Combined clinicopathologic characteristics would be more predictable for LNM. We found no LNM when we used combined clinicopathological characteristics conforming to Japanese absolute indications for endoscopic therapy. The LNM rate was as high as 8.7% when Japanese expanded criteria were used. Univariate analysis in cancer conformity to expand endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） indication also revealed that the undifferential type was the only significant factor for LNM. Conclusions： It was possible to predict intramucosal gastric cancer cases without LNM using combined clinicopathological characteristic analysis. Extended indication for ESD should be cautiously used for intramucosal gastric cancer patients.

Palliative care needs and symptom burden in younger and older patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To investigate the current situation of palliative care needs and the symptom burden in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),and to explore whether there are differences between younger and older patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the hemodialysis centers of two tertiary hospitals from November 2021 to June 2022.Participants were selected by convenience sampling.Sociodemographics,clinical characteristics,the Palliative Care Outcome Scale(POS),the Dialysis Symptom Index(DSI),and health-related quality of life(EQ-5D-3L)were used for evaluation.Descriptive statistics,between-group comparisons,and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 236 patients were enrolled,including 118 younger and 118 older patients.The total median(P25,P75)POS score was 16.0(12.0,23.0),and the score was higher in older patients(P<0.01).The mean total number of symptoms in MHD patients was 15.04±5.06,and the overall median symptom severity score was 59.0(52.0,71.0);these scores were higher in the older group(P<0.01).The most common symptom was dry mouth(91.5%),followed by itching(83.1%),and dry skin(82.2%).Additionally,palliative care needs were significantly associated with symptom burden and health-related quality of life(HRQOL).Conclusions:The results showed that patients with ESRD undergoing MHD have a significant symptom burden and moderate palliative care needs,which are more severe in older patients.Therefore,interdisciplinary teams should be formed to actively manage patients’symptoms and meet the physical,psychological,social,and spiritual needs related to palliative care to improve patients’HRQOL.

Inhibiting effect of tungstic compounds on glucose hydrogenation over Ru/C catalyst

The effect of acid component including various conventional acids and tungstic compounds on glucose hydrogenation over a series of binary catalyst system containing Ru/C catalyst was investigated. The results showed that HC1, H2SO4, H3BO3, H3PO4, and HNO3 had negligible effect, while all the tungstic compounds imposed inhibiting effects on the hydrogenation of glucose over Ru/C catalyst, and the suppressing effect followed the order of H2WO4〉HPW〉WO3〉AMT〉HSiW. This order is the same as the order of ethylene glycol （EG） yields in the one-pot conversion of glucose to EG, suggesting the important role of competition between glucose hydrogenation and retro-aldol condensation in controlling the selectivity of EG.

经腋窝单孔充气法乳腺腔镜手术治疗乳腺疾病的临床应用分析

目的:探讨采用经腋窝单孔充气法乳腺腔镜手术在乳腺疾病中的可行性、安全性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年3月于天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治经腋窝单孔充气法乳腺腔镜手术的84例乳腺疾病患者的临床资料,包括患者基线临床特征、术中及术后恢复情况、术后满意度评分及随访情况。结果:84例患者均顺利完成手术,无中途转为开放手术病例。术后满意度评分为(8.25±1.21)分,手术效果佳。术后无切口感染、切缘坏死等重大并发症发生。随访8~23个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发及转移。结论:经腋窝单孔充气法乳腺腔镜手术安全高效、并发症少、患者满意度高,临床应用上具有推广前景。

Fault Detection for Motor Drive Control System of Industrial Robots Using CNN-LSTM-based Observers

The complex working conditions and nonlinear characteristics of the motor drive control system of industrial robots make it difficult to detect faults.In this paper,a deep learning-based observer,which combines the convolutional neural network(CNN)and the long short-term memory network(LSTM),is employed to approximate the nonlinear driving control system.CNN layers are introduced to extract dynamic features of the data,whereas LSTM layers perform time-sequential prediction of the target system.In terms of application,normal samples are fed into the observer to build an offline prediction model for the target system.The trained CNN-LSTM-based observer is then deployed along with the target system to estimate the system outputs.Online fault detection can be realized by analyzing the residuals.Finally,an application of the proposed fault detection method to a brushless DC motor drive system is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Simulation results indicate the impressive fault detection capability of the presented method for driving control systems of industrial robots.

The Role of Motivation in University Learners＇ Language Acquisition in China

Motivation, one element of the learner characteristics, has risen in the popularity polls in recent literature as a facilitator in the learning process. It is claimed that students＇ motivation needs to be taken into account for input to become intake and therefore is the key learner variable. During this process, authentic materials can be used to spark learners＇ motivation and interest. This article begins with different perspectives of motivation before it comes to the relationship between authentic materials and motivation.

Pathogenesis of motor neuron disease

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the factors and theories related to the attack of motor neuron disease, and comprehensively investigate the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease. DATA SOURCES: A search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify articles about motor neuron disease published in English from January 1994 to June 2006 by using the keywords of 'neurodegenerative diseases'. Other literatures were collected by retrieving specific journals and articles. STUDY SELECTION: The data were checked primarily, articles related to the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease were involved, and those obviously irrelated to the articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 54 articles were collected, 30 of them were involved, and the other 24 were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pathogenesis of motor neuron disease has multiple factors, and the present related theories included free radical oxidation, excitotoxicity, genetic and immune factors, lack of neurotrophic factor, injury of neurofilament, etc. The studies mainly come from transgenic animal models, cell culture in vitro and patients with familial motor neuron disease, but there are still many restrictions and disadvantages. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to try to find whether there is internal association among different mechanisms, comprehensively investigate the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases, in order to provide reliable evidence for the clinical treatment.

中国胃癌肝转移患者临床诊疗特征及预后分析:全国多中心队列研究(RECORD研究)

Despite surgical improvements and pharmacological advances,management of late-stage gastric cancer patients,especially those with hepatic metastasis remains challenging[1–3].Although nationwide registry data from SEER(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results)[4]and the Nordic database[5]in Western countries have provided epidemiological information for patients with gastric cancer liver metastasis(GCLM),little is known about the detailed clinical characteristics.

Computer-aided molecular design and optimization of potent inhibitors disrupting APC-Asef interaction

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.At initial diagnosis,approximately 20%of patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC(mCRC).Although the APC-Asef interaction is a well-established target for mCRC therapy,the discovery and development of effective and safe drugs for mCRC patients remains an urgent and challenging endeavor.In this study,we identified a novel structural scaffold based on MAI inhibitors,the first-in-class APC-Asef inhibitors we reported previously.ONIOM model-driven optimizations of the N-terminal cap and experimental evaluations of inhibitory activity were performed,and 24-fold greater potency was obtained with the best inhibitor compared to the parental compound.In addition,the cocrystal structure validated that the two-layerπ-πstacking interactions were essential for inhibitor stabilization in the bound state.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that novel inhibitors suppressed lung metastasis in CRC by disrupting the APC-Asef interaction.These results provide an intrinsic structural basis to further explore drug-like molecules for APC-Asef-mediated CRC therapy.

Self-optimized H-adsorption affinity of CuRu alloy cocatalysts towards efficient photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

In addition to the electron transfer,the appropriate H-adsorption affinity of active centers on the metal cocatalyst surface is quite important for high hydrogen-production activity of cocatalyst-modified photo-catalysts.The typical Cu and Ru metal cocatalysts clearly exhibit a weak Cu-H bond and a strong Ru-H bond,respectively,resulting in limited activity for photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.In this work,an ingenious strategy of self-optimized H-adsorption affinity in CuRu alloy cocatalyst is developed to simultaneously reinforce the Cu-H bond and weaken the Ru-H bond by the intrinsic electron transfer from Cu to Ru atom.The CuRu alloy nanoparticles(2-3 nm)were deposited on the TiO_(2)surface to prepare CuRu/TiO_(2)through a one-step photoreduction method.Photocatalytic tests exhibited that the highest H_(2)-production rate of CuRu/TiO_(2)photocatalyst reached up to 5.316 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1),which was 24.80,1.86,and 2.60 times higher than that of the TiO_(2),Cu/TiO_(2),and Ru/TiO_(2),respectively.Based on the characterization results and theoretical calculations,the CuRu alloy cocatalyst exhibits excellent self-optimized H-adsorption affinity via the spontaneous electron transfer from Cu to Ru atom,which can greatly accelerate the photocatalytic H_(2)-production rate of TiO_(2).This work provides a feasible idea for the self-optimized H-adsorption affinity of metal active sites in the photocatalytic H_(2)-generation field.

面向电化学转换和储能的中空金属有机框架及其衍生碳基纳米反应器构筑

模拟细胞的纳米反应器以其独特的物理化学特性在多相催化、能量储存和转化、环境修复和生物化学等领域引起了广泛的研究兴趣.这类纳米反应器为化学反应的发生提供了一个介于微观和宏观之间的受限空间.其中,具有多级中空或多级孔结构的碳基纳米反应器,在碳材料的热力学稳定性高和导电性能好的基础上,还可以在纳米反应器效应(如微环境调控效应、空间限域效应和传质增强效应等)的作用下,进一步提升碳基材料在电化学转换与储能领域的性能.本文首先对金属有机框架材料衍生的碳基纳米反应器的合成策略进行了讨论,然后介绍了它们在电化学转换和储能领域的应用,重点介绍了其中的纳米反应器效应,最后对金属有机框架衍生的碳基纳米反应器的发展前景进行了展望.

西藏野生拟南芥开花时间变异的遗传基础

开花时间是被子植物生活史中的关键节点。十字花科植物拟南芥(Arabidopsisthaliana)广布于世界各地,在海拔4 000m以上的青藏高原也发现了该物种的自然居群,高原独特的环境塑造了其生活史的独特表型,在开花时间上表现为中等程度早花。该研究构建了西藏拟南芥Lhasa居群的F2代作图群体,基于全基因组测序的QTL-seq定位分析,在该居群中定位到主效基因FLC,并且鉴定到其第1个内含子中存在2307bp的缺失,这种单倍型只存在于西藏拟南芥居群。利用CRISPR-Cas9技术构建了Lhasa背景的flc^(-/-)突变体,表现为开花时间显著提前。研究结果表明,西藏拟南芥开花时间改变的主要原因是FLC第1个内含子缺失,该变异并未使其丧失全部功能,这可能有利于西藏拟南芥适应青藏高原独特的气候环境。

Effects of combustion temperature on the optical properties of brown carbon from biomass burning

Biomass burning has been known as one of main sources of Brown Carbon(BrC)in atmosphere.In this study,by controlling the combustion temperature at 250℃,350℃,and 450℃,the methanol soluble organic carbon(MSOC)and methanol insoluble carbon(MISC)from pine wood burning was collected by impinger.UV–Vis,excitation emission matrix(EEM),TEM and FTIR spectra were applied to investigate the properties of BrC collected.For MSOC at 250℃ and 350℃,all the spectral profiles of UV–Vis absorption and excitation emission matrix are almost the same,while the EEM of MSOC at 450℃ are different from that of the other two.For MISC fuorescence was observed only in the case of 450℃.In the FTIR spectra,with the temperature increasing the peaks associated to the oxygen-contained functions was weakened,indicating the formation of the fuorophores with larger conjugated system,especially aromatic hydrocarbons.Our results show that biomass combustion at low temperature produces more oxygen-riched BrC,which possesses relatively lower light absorption,while at high temperature produces more aromatics hydrocarbons with relatively strong light absorption.The results of this work are helpful to trace the source of brown carbon and optimize biomass energy utilization.

Efficacy of acupuncture in refractory irritable bowel syndrome patients:a randomized controlled trial

Previous studies have confirmed that acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)provided an additional benefit over usual care alone.Therefore,we performed a multicenter,randomized,sham-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for refractory IBS in patients in the context of conventional treatments.Patients in the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups received real or sham acupuncture treatment in 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions.The primary outcome was a change in the IBS–Symptom Severity Scale(IBS-SSS)score from baseline to week 4.A total of 521 participants were screened,and 170 patients(85 patients per group)were enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis.Baseline characteristics were comparable across the two groups.From baseline to 4 weeks,the IBS-SSS total score decreased by 140.0(95%CI:126.0 to 153.9)in the acupuncture group and 64.4(95%CI:50.4 to 78.3)in the sham acupuncture group.The between-group difference was 75.6(95%CI:55.8 to 95.4).Acupuncture efficacy was maintained during the 4-week follow-up period.There were no serious adverse events.In conclusion,acupuncture provided benefits when combined with treatment as usual,providing more options for the treatment of refractory IBS.

Micro-destructive assessment of subgrade compaction quality using ultrasonic pulse velocity

The ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)correlates significantly with the density and pore size of subgrade filling materials.This research conducts numerous Proctor and UPV tests to examine how moisture and rock content affect compaction quality.The study measures the changes in UPV across dry density and compaction characteristics.The compacted specimens exhibit distinct microstructures and mechanical properties along the dry and wet sides of the compaction curve,primarily influenced by internal water molecules.The maximum dry density exhibits a positive correlation with the rock content,while the optimal moisture content demonstrates an inverse relationship.As the rock content increases,the relative error of UPV measurement rises.The UPV follows a hump-shaped pattern with the initial moisture content.Three intelligent models are established to forecast dry density.The measure of UPV and PSO-BP-NN model quickly assesses compaction quality.

Data mining accelerated the design strategy of high-entropy alloys with the largest hardness based on genetic algorithm optimization

This article proposed a design strategy that integrated machine learning models based on random forest and genetic algorithm(GA)for the rapid screening of hardness in the AlCoCrCuFeMoNiTi high-entropy alloys system.Through feature engineering and modeling,valence electron concentration,atomic size difference(δr),Pauling electronegativity difference(Δχ),geometric parameters(Λ),and the Cr content were identified as the five key features in the database.The GAwas employed to search for alloys with superior hardness and guided synthesis.After three itera-tions,the HEA Al_(18)Co_(21)Cr_(23)Fe_(23)Mo_(15)exhibiting the highest predicted hardness(868.8 HV)was identified.The alloy was predominantly composed of BCC,ordered B2,andσphases,with an experimental hardness of 899.8±9.9 HV,which as approximately 5.38%greater than the maximum hardness observed in the original dataset.The design strategy can also solve other regression problems and pave the way for optimizing material performance in various engineering applications.

Bcr-Abl癌基因与A-MuLV病毒诱导肿瘤发生的机理

Bcr-Abl癌基因是由人类9号染色体的c-Abl基因与22号染色体的Bcr基因易位融合而成,其编码的融合蛋白Bcr-Abl可以诱导人类白血病的发生。Abelson鼠白血病病毒(A-MuLV)是一种逆转录病毒,其癌基因v-Abl可以诱导小鼠B淋巴细胞癌变。Bcr-Abl癌基因和A-MuLV病毒的共同特点是表达Abl癌蛋白(Bcr-Abl和v-Abl)。Abl癌蛋白诱导肿瘤发生与多条信号转导通路的异常活化密切相关。这些信号转导通路主要包括JAK/STAT/Pim、PI3K/AKT/mTOR和RAS/RAF/MEK。此外,Abl癌蛋白诱导肿瘤发生也与重要信号分子的突变或异常修饰,以及关键长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)的异常表达有关。文中对Abl癌基因如何激活主要的3条信号通路进行综述,并介绍参与细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡等过程的重要蛋白及其与肿瘤发生的关系,为Abl阳性肿瘤的治疗提供了科学参考。