Maize(Zea mays L.)stalk rot is a devastating disease worldwide,causing severe yield losses.Although previous studies have focused on the genetic dissection of maize resistance to stalk rot,the mechanisms of resistance...Maize(Zea mays L.)stalk rot is a devastating disease worldwide,causing severe yield losses.Although previous studies have focused on the genetic dissection of maize resistance to stalk rot,the mechanisms of resistance remain largely unknown.We used a comparative proteomics approach to identify candidate proteins associated with stalk rot resistance.Statistical analyses revealed 763 proteins differentially accumulated between Fusarium graminearum and mock-inoculated plants.Among them,the antioxidant protein ZmPrx5,which was up-accumulated in diseased plants,was selected for further study.ZmPrx5 transcripts were present in root,stalk,leaf,ear,and reproductive tissues.The expression of ZmPrx5 in three inbred lines increased significantly upon F.graminearum infection.ZmPrx5 was localized in the cytoplasm.Compared to control plants,maize plants overexpressing ZmPrx5 showed increased resistance to F.graminearum infection,and ZmPrx5 mutant plants were more susceptible than wild-type plants.Defense-associated pathways including plant–pathogen interactions,phenylalanine metabolism,and benzoxazinoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were suppressed in ZmPrx5 homozygous mutant plants compared with wild-type plants.We suggest that ZmPrx5 positively regulates resistance against stalk rot in maize,likely through defense-oriented transcriptome reprogramming.These results lay a foundation for further research on the roles of Prx5 subfamily proteins in resistance to plant fungal diseases,and provide a potential genetic resource for breeding disease-resistance maize lines.展开更多
To investigate the results of criterion-meeting assessment method used for the operation test in fundamentals of nursing, 101 nursing undergraduates who entered Nursing College, Beihua University in 2007, were randoml...To investigate the results of criterion-meeting assessment method used for the operation test in fundamentals of nursing, 101 nursing undergraduates who entered Nursing College, Beihua University in 2007, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The students in the control group were examined with the traditional assessment method, namely, the points were given the students one-time and estimated in a way of quantitative analysis. The students in the experimental group were examined with criterion-meeting assessment methods. The average score of students in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.001), the difference was statistically significant, and 100% students in the experimental group got 90-100 points of the assessment standards. Our studies suggest that the method is not only conducive to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the students and students’ establishing critical thinking, but also gives help to improve the overall quality of teachers. It can strengthen the experimental teaching, improve teachers’ and students’ senses of responsibility in teaching and learning and contribute to the good teaching result.展开更多
Objective Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in the treatment of migraine.Methods The databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,WanFan...Objective Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in the treatment of migraine.Methods The databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,WanFang,Chinese Biomedical Databases,PubMed,and EMbase were searched by computer,and randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved.The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct meta quantitative analysis of the included studies.Results A total of 19 studies were included,with a total sample size of 1,635 cases,821 cases in the treatment group and 814 cases in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that(1)the clinical effective rate of the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction or western medicine combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in treating migraine was better than that of western medicine alone(p<0.001);(2)the improvement in cumulative number and days of vertigo in the treatment of migraine with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction was observed in the control group(p<0.001).TSA results showed that Z-curve passed both the traditional threshold and Trial sequential analysis(TSA)threshold.In terms of adverse reactions,55 cases were reported,including 12 cases in the treatment group and 43 cases in the control group,and no serious adverse reactions were found.Conclusion Compared with the single use of western medicine therapy,the combination of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction and western medicine or the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction could better improve the effective rate and showed good safety and low incidence of adverse reactions.展开更多
Endocrine therapy that blocks estrogen signaling is the most effective treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer.However,the efficacy of agents such as tamoxifen(Tam)is often compromised...Endocrine therapy that blocks estrogen signaling is the most effective treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer.However,the efficacy of agents such as tamoxifen(Tam)is often compromised by the development of resistance.Here we report that cytokines-activated nuclear IKKαconfers Tam resistance to ER+breast cancer by inducing the expression of FAT10,and that the expression of FAT10 and nuclear IKKαin primary ER+human breast cancer was correlated with lymphotoxinβ(LTB)expression and significantly associated with relapse and metastasis in patients treated with adjuvant mono-Tam.IKKαactivation or enforced FAT10 expression promotes Tam-resistance while loss of IKKαor FAT10 augments Tam sensitivity.The induction of FAT10 by IKKαis mediated by the transcription factor Pax5,and coordinated via an IKKα-p53-miR-23a circuit in which activation of IKKαattenuates p53-directed repression of FAT10.Thus,our findings establish IKKα-to-FAT10 pathway as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of Tam-resistant ER+breast cancer.展开更多
Formaldehyde(HCHO)is a common indoor pollutant that is detrimental to human health.Its efficient removal has become an urgent demand to reduce the public health risk.In this work,Ag-MnO_(x)-based catalysts were prepar...Formaldehyde(HCHO)is a common indoor pollutant that is detrimental to human health.Its efficient removal has become an urgent demand to reduce the public health risk.In this work,Ag-MnO_(x)-based catalysts were prepared and activated under different atmosphere(i.e.,air,hydrogen(H_(2))and carbon monoxide(CO))for efficient oxidation of HCHO.The catalyst activated with CO(Ag/Mn-CO)displayed the highest activity among the tested samples with 90% conversion at 100℃ under a gas space velocity of 75,000 mL/(g_(cat)·hr).Complementary characterizations demonstrate that CO reduction treatment resulted in synergically regulated content of surface oxygen on support to adsorb/activate HCHO and size of Ag particle to dissociate oxygen to oxidize the adsorbed HCHO.In contrast,other catalysts lack for either abundant surface oxygen species or metallic silver with the appropriate particle size,so that the integrate activity is limited by one specific reaction step.This study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms regulating the oxidation activity of Ag-based catalysts.展开更多
Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using hi...Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using high-throughput mass spectra to probe a customized six-frame translation database and applied it to large-scale identification of NCPs in plants.A total of 1993 and 1860 NCPs were unambiguously identified in maize and Arabidopsis,respectively.These NCPs showed distinct characteristics compared with conventional peptides and were derived from introns,3′UTRs,5′UTRs,junctions,and intergenic regions.Furthermore,our results showed that translation events in unannotated transcripts occur more broadly than previously thought.In addition,we found that dozens of maize NCPs are enriched within regions associated with phenotypic variations and domestication selection,indicating that they potentially are involved in genetic regulation of complex traits and domestication in maize.Taken together,our study developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline for large-scale identification of NCPs in plants,which would facilitate global characterization of NCPs from other plants.The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot(maize)and dicot(Arabidopsis)plants indicates that a large portion of plant genome can be translated into biologically functional molecules,which has important implications for functional genomic studies.展开更多
Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, ...Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, underscoring theimportance of isolating new SCLB resistancerelatedgenes. Here, we performed a comparativeproteomic analysis and identified 258 proteinsshowing differential abundance during the maizeresponse to B. maydis. These proteins included anascorbate peroxidase (Zea mays ascorbate peroxidase1 (ZmAPX1)) encoded by a gene locatedwithin the mapping interval of a previously identifiedquantitative trait locus associated with SCLBresistance. ZmAPX1 overexpression resulted inlower H_(2)O_(2) accumulation and enhanced resistanceagainst B. maydis. Jasmonic acid (JA)contents and transcript levels for JA biosynthesisand responsive genes increased in ZmAPX1-overexpressing plants infected with B. maydis,whereas Zmapx1 mutants showed the oppositeeffects. We further determined that low levels of H_(2)O_(2) are accompanied by an accumulation of JAthat enhances SCLB resistance. These resultsdemonstrate that ZmAPX1 positively regulatesSCLB resistance by decreasing H_(2)O_(2) accumulationand activating the JA-mediated defensesignaling pathway. This study identified ZmAPX1as a potentially useful gene for increasing SCLBresistance. Furthermore, the generated datamay be relevant for clarifying the functions ofplant APXs.展开更多
As a consumer product,black chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa)is diffi cult to consume due to its pungent taste.It is mainly used in various food industries to produce a variety of juices,preserves,extracts,fruit teas and...As a consumer product,black chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa)is diffi cult to consume due to its pungent taste.It is mainly used in various food industries to produce a variety of juices,preserves,extracts,fruit teas and nutritional supplements.Traditionally,Potawatomi Native Americans used black chokeberry to treat colds,coughs and fever.It has been found to contain numerous active ingredients.Currently,there are many health and medical products that contain black chokeberry.The purpose of this review is to understand the nutritional benefi ts of black chokeberry and to explore its benefi cial effects on biological systems in vitro,thereby emphasizing its therapeutic prospects.展开更多
Infrared camouflage based on artificial thermal metasurfaces has recently attracted significant attention.By eliminating thermal radiation differences between the object and the background,it is possible to hide a giv...Infrared camouflage based on artificial thermal metasurfaces has recently attracted significant attention.By eliminating thermal radiation differences between the object and the background,it is possible to hide a given object from infrared detection.Infrared camouflage is an important element that increases the survivability of aircraft and missiles,by reducing target susceptibility to infrared guided threats.Herein,a simple and practicable design is theoretically presented based on a multilayer film for infrared stealth,with distinctive advantages of scalability,flexible fabrication,and structural simplicity.The multilayer medium consists of silicon substrate,carbon layer and zinc sulfide film,the optical properties of which are determined by transfer matrix method.By locally changing the thickness of the coating film,the spatial tunability and continuity in thermal emission are demonstrated.A continuous change of emissive power is further obtained and consequently implemented to achieve thermal camouflage functionality.In addition,other functionalities,like thermal illusion and thermal coding,are demonstrated by thickness-engineered multilayer films.展开更多
Over the past decade,advances in single-cell omics(SCO)technologies have enabled the investigation of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution and scale,opening a new avenue for understanding human biolog...Over the past decade,advances in single-cell omics(SCO)technologies have enabled the investigation of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution and scale,opening a new avenue for understanding human biology and disease.In this review,we summarize the developments of sequencing-based SCO technologies and computational methods,and focus on considerable insights acquired from SCO sequencing studies to understand normal and diseased properties,with a particular emphasis on cancer research.We also discuss the technological improvements of SCO and its possible contribution to fundamental research of the human,as well as its great potential in clinical diagnoses and personalized therapies of human disease.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1804113, 31872872 and 31671675)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102000)+2 种基金the Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvementthe 111 Project#D16014Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2015CM034 and ZR2016CM30)
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)stalk rot is a devastating disease worldwide,causing severe yield losses.Although previous studies have focused on the genetic dissection of maize resistance to stalk rot,the mechanisms of resistance remain largely unknown.We used a comparative proteomics approach to identify candidate proteins associated with stalk rot resistance.Statistical analyses revealed 763 proteins differentially accumulated between Fusarium graminearum and mock-inoculated plants.Among them,the antioxidant protein ZmPrx5,which was up-accumulated in diseased plants,was selected for further study.ZmPrx5 transcripts were present in root,stalk,leaf,ear,and reproductive tissues.The expression of ZmPrx5 in three inbred lines increased significantly upon F.graminearum infection.ZmPrx5 was localized in the cytoplasm.Compared to control plants,maize plants overexpressing ZmPrx5 showed increased resistance to F.graminearum infection,and ZmPrx5 mutant plants were more susceptible than wild-type plants.Defense-associated pathways including plant–pathogen interactions,phenylalanine metabolism,and benzoxazinoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were suppressed in ZmPrx5 homozygous mutant plants compared with wild-type plants.We suggest that ZmPrx5 positively regulates resistance against stalk rot in maize,likely through defense-oriented transcriptome reprogramming.These results lay a foundation for further research on the roles of Prx5 subfamily proteins in resistance to plant fungal diseases,and provide a potential genetic resource for breeding disease-resistance maize lines.
文摘To investigate the results of criterion-meeting assessment method used for the operation test in fundamentals of nursing, 101 nursing undergraduates who entered Nursing College, Beihua University in 2007, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The students in the control group were examined with the traditional assessment method, namely, the points were given the students one-time and estimated in a way of quantitative analysis. The students in the experimental group were examined with criterion-meeting assessment methods. The average score of students in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.001), the difference was statistically significant, and 100% students in the experimental group got 90-100 points of the assessment standards. Our studies suggest that the method is not only conducive to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the students and students’ establishing critical thinking, but also gives help to improve the overall quality of teachers. It can strengthen the experimental teaching, improve teachers’ and students’ senses of responsibility in teaching and learning and contribute to the good teaching result.
基金Shenzhen“Three Top Medical and Health Projects”(SZZYSM 202111011)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20180302173504891,JCYJ20190812161807600).
文摘Objective Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in the treatment of migraine.Methods The databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,WanFang,Chinese Biomedical Databases,PubMed,and EMbase were searched by computer,and randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved.The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct meta quantitative analysis of the included studies.Results A total of 19 studies were included,with a total sample size of 1,635 cases,821 cases in the treatment group and 814 cases in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that(1)the clinical effective rate of the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction or western medicine combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in treating migraine was better than that of western medicine alone(p<0.001);(2)the improvement in cumulative number and days of vertigo in the treatment of migraine with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction was observed in the control group(p<0.001).TSA results showed that Z-curve passed both the traditional threshold and Trial sequential analysis(TSA)threshold.In terms of adverse reactions,55 cases were reported,including 12 cases in the treatment group and 43 cases in the control group,and no serious adverse reactions were found.Conclusion Compared with the single use of western medicine therapy,the combination of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction and western medicine or the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction could better improve the effective rate and showed good safety and low incidence of adverse reactions.
基金supported by a postdoctoral trainee fellowship from the Frenchman's Creek Women for Cancer Research,a cancer research fellowship from UICC(ACS-10-003)the Natural Science Foundation of China(81974469 and 81672635)the Postgraduate Independent Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University of China(2019zzts899)。
文摘Endocrine therapy that blocks estrogen signaling is the most effective treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer.However,the efficacy of agents such as tamoxifen(Tam)is often compromised by the development of resistance.Here we report that cytokines-activated nuclear IKKαconfers Tam resistance to ER+breast cancer by inducing the expression of FAT10,and that the expression of FAT10 and nuclear IKKαin primary ER+human breast cancer was correlated with lymphotoxinβ(LTB)expression and significantly associated with relapse and metastasis in patients treated with adjuvant mono-Tam.IKKαactivation or enforced FAT10 expression promotes Tam-resistance while loss of IKKαor FAT10 augments Tam sensitivity.The induction of FAT10 by IKKαis mediated by the transcription factor Pax5,and coordinated via an IKKα-p53-miR-23a circuit in which activation of IKKαattenuates p53-directed repression of FAT10.Thus,our findings establish IKKα-to-FAT10 pathway as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of Tam-resistant ER+breast cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025604,22106171,21936005,and 21976196)the Jinan“20 Universities”Funding Project(No.2020GXRC027)。
文摘Formaldehyde(HCHO)is a common indoor pollutant that is detrimental to human health.Its efficient removal has become an urgent demand to reduce the public health risk.In this work,Ag-MnO_(x)-based catalysts were prepared and activated under different atmosphere(i.e.,air,hydrogen(H_(2))and carbon monoxide(CO))for efficient oxidation of HCHO.The catalyst activated with CO(Ag/Mn-CO)displayed the highest activity among the tested samples with 90% conversion at 100℃ under a gas space velocity of 75,000 mL/(g_(cat)·hr).Complementary characterizations demonstrate that CO reduction treatment resulted in synergically regulated content of surface oxygen on support to adsorb/activate HCHO and size of Ag particle to dissociate oxygen to oxidize the adsorbed HCHO.In contrast,other catalysts lack for either abundant surface oxygen species or metallic silver with the appropriate particle size,so that the integrate activity is limited by one specific reaction step.This study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms regulating the oxidation activity of Ag-based catalysts.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.31872872 and U1804113)National Key Research and Deveopment Program of China(no.2016YFD0101003),and Henan Association for Science and Technology.
文摘Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using high-throughput mass spectra to probe a customized six-frame translation database and applied it to large-scale identification of NCPs in plants.A total of 1993 and 1860 NCPs were unambiguously identified in maize and Arabidopsis,respectively.These NCPs showed distinct characteristics compared with conventional peptides and were derived from introns,3′UTRs,5′UTRs,junctions,and intergenic regions.Furthermore,our results showed that translation events in unannotated transcripts occur more broadly than previously thought.In addition,we found that dozens of maize NCPs are enriched within regions associated with phenotypic variations and domestication selection,indicating that they potentially are involved in genetic regulation of complex traits and domestication in maize.Taken together,our study developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline for large-scale identification of NCPs in plants,which would facilitate global characterization of NCPs from other plants.The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot(maize)and dicot(Arabidopsis)plants indicates that a large portion of plant genome can be translated into biologically functional molecules,which has important implications for functional genomic studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872872 and U1804113)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101003)
文摘Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, underscoring theimportance of isolating new SCLB resistancerelatedgenes. Here, we performed a comparativeproteomic analysis and identified 258 proteinsshowing differential abundance during the maizeresponse to B. maydis. These proteins included anascorbate peroxidase (Zea mays ascorbate peroxidase1 (ZmAPX1)) encoded by a gene locatedwithin the mapping interval of a previously identifiedquantitative trait locus associated with SCLBresistance. ZmAPX1 overexpression resulted inlower H_(2)O_(2) accumulation and enhanced resistanceagainst B. maydis. Jasmonic acid (JA)contents and transcript levels for JA biosynthesisand responsive genes increased in ZmAPX1-overexpressing plants infected with B. maydis,whereas Zmapx1 mutants showed the oppositeeffects. We further determined that low levels of H_(2)O_(2) are accompanied by an accumulation of JAthat enhances SCLB resistance. These resultsdemonstrate that ZmAPX1 positively regulatesSCLB resistance by decreasing H_(2)O_(2) accumulationand activating the JA-mediated defensesignaling pathway. This study identified ZmAPX1as a potentially useful gene for increasing SCLBresistance. Furthermore, the generated datamay be relevant for clarifying the functions ofplant APXs.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(SQ2020YFF0422819)Jilin Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(2020141).
文摘As a consumer product,black chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa)is diffi cult to consume due to its pungent taste.It is mainly used in various food industries to produce a variety of juices,preserves,extracts,fruit teas and nutritional supplements.Traditionally,Potawatomi Native Americans used black chokeberry to treat colds,coughs and fever.It has been found to contain numerous active ingredients.Currently,there are many health and medical products that contain black chokeberry.The purpose of this review is to understand the nutritional benefi ts of black chokeberry and to explore its benefi cial effects on biological systems in vitro,thereby emphasizing its therapeutic prospects.
基金supported by the EIPHI Graduate School(No.ANR-17-EURE-0002)the French Investissements d’Avenir program,project ISITEBFC(No.ANR-15-IDEX-03)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172102,11872160 and 11732002)the support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Fellowship。
文摘Infrared camouflage based on artificial thermal metasurfaces has recently attracted significant attention.By eliminating thermal radiation differences between the object and the background,it is possible to hide a given object from infrared detection.Infrared camouflage is an important element that increases the survivability of aircraft and missiles,by reducing target susceptibility to infrared guided threats.Herein,a simple and practicable design is theoretically presented based on a multilayer film for infrared stealth,with distinctive advantages of scalability,flexible fabrication,and structural simplicity.The multilayer medium consists of silicon substrate,carbon layer and zinc sulfide film,the optical properties of which are determined by transfer matrix method.By locally changing the thickness of the coating film,the spatial tunability and continuity in thermal emission are demonstrated.A continuous change of emissive power is further obtained and consequently implemented to achieve thermal camouflage functionality.In addition,other functionalities,like thermal illusion and thermal coding,are demonstrated by thickness-engineered multilayer films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81988101,31991171,91959000,62203019,92159305,and 92259205)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z221100007022002)+1 种基金the Changping Laboratory,China.Qiang Shi was supported in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2021TQ0012 and 2022M720246)the Peking University Boya Postdoctoral Fellowship,and the Postdoctoral Fellowship of Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,China.
文摘Over the past decade,advances in single-cell omics(SCO)technologies have enabled the investigation of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution and scale,opening a new avenue for understanding human biology and disease.In this review,we summarize the developments of sequencing-based SCO technologies and computational methods,and focus on considerable insights acquired from SCO sequencing studies to understand normal and diseased properties,with a particular emphasis on cancer research.We also discuss the technological improvements of SCO and its possible contribution to fundamental research of the human,as well as its great potential in clinical diagnoses and personalized therapies of human disease.
