Research on Localized English Education for Transnational Left-behind Children in the Context of English Global Localization: A Case Study of Wenzhou Overseas Chinese Hometown

With the increasing development of English globalization,the trend of combining English with local cultures has become more evident.This research focuses on five schools in the Wenzhou overseas Chinese hometown to investigate the current status of English education from the perspectives of teachers,students,and textbooks.The aim was to propose bilingual education strategies for the education of transnational left-behind children(TLC).By examining the situation of English education in this specific context,this study sought to address the unique challenges faced by TLC and provide effective educational approaches.Interviews,observations,and document analysis were employed to gather data by means of questionnaire research methods.The findings of this study settled on the improvement of bilingual education for TLC and insights into enhancing English education in multicultural settings.

Embodied Meaning in Comprehending Abstract Chinese Counterfactuals

Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.

Deposition of stain resistance coating by non-thermal plasma brush application to dental whitening

A non-thermal plasma brush is employed to deposit stain-resistant SiO2-like coatings on resin composite fillings and bovine teeth.With post-treating by plasma,the hardness of the coating increases from H to 8H and the water contact angle decreases from 98.8° to 61.7°.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that,after plasma post-treating,the Si-O-Si and Si-OH bonds of the coating increase.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the coatings to be uniform,without cracks.The coatings present outstanding performance in a stain resistance test both on resin composite and bovine teeth.Being easy to handle and less time consuming than traditional methods,with a body-friendly temperature and material,this plasma brush provides a promising in-situ coating method on patient teeth in dental clinics.

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Motor Speech Disorders:A Scientific Review(2000-2019)

This review visualizes the knowledge domain of motor speech disorders(MSDs) in linguistics between 2000 and 2019 by means of scientometric methods. With topic searches, the study collected 869 bibliographic records and 20, 411 references from Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) of Thomson Reuter. The clustered and visualized document co-citation network of the MSDs knowledge domain in CiteSpace identifies 15 research foci in different periods, including apraxia of speech, acoustics, children, technology, aphemia, childhood apraxia of speech, primary progressive aphasia, speech motor delay, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rhythm,foreign accent syndrome, phonation, phonological awareness, dose and speech perception.Revolving around linguistics, these foci could be divided into studies on speech characteristics of MSDs in terms of phonology and phonetics, remedies for MSDs in terms of neurolinguistics and acoustic phonetics, dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases based on pathological linguistics,subtypes of apraxia of speech, methods of MSDs based on auditory phonetics and a newly recognized subtype of MSDs. Meanwhile, the emerging trends of MSDs in linguistics are detected by the analysis of reference citation bursts, suggesting growing research in remedies for MSDs with the focus on assessments and effectiveness of treatments, speech characteristics and indexes of dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases and assistance to diagnose apraxia of speech. To sum up, the review has indicated that the acoustic measures to assess MSDs and acoustic remedies for dysarthria may not only be the past foci but also be future trends.

Diffraction-Limited Imaging with a Graphene Metalens

Planar graphene metalens has demonstrated advantages of ultrathin thickness(200 nm),high focusing resolution(343 nm)and efficiency(>32%)and robust mechanical strength and flexibility.However,diffraction-limited imaging with such a graphene metalens has not been realized,which holds the key to designing practical integrated imaging systems.In this work,the imaging rule for graphene metalenses is first derived and theoretically verified by using the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory to simulate the imaging performance of the 200 nm ultrathin graphene metalens.The imaging rule is applicable to graphene metalenses in different immersion media,including water or oil.Based on the theoretical prediction,high-resolution imaging using the graphene metalens with diffraction-limited resolution(500 nm)is demonstrated for the first time.This work opens the possibility for graphene metalenses to be applied in particle tracking,microfluidic chips and biomedical devices.

The expression and clinical significance of new suppressor gene RASSF1 in gastric-carcinoma

Objective： To investigate the expression lose rates of two kinds different RASSF1 transcripts RASSF1A, RASSF1B in gastric-carcinoma and benign gastric disease and discuss their relations to clinical significance. Methods： The mRNA expressions of RASSF1A and RASSF1B were detected by RT-PCR in 32 patients with gastric-carcinoma, 32 with adjacent non-carcinomatous gastric tissues and 51 cases with benign gastric disease （include 30 chronic shallow gastritis and 21 chronic atrophic gastritis）. Results： The rates of expression loss of transcripts A and B in gastric-carcinoma were 59.3% （19/32） and 28.2% （9/32）, 10% （3/30） and 6.7% （2/30）in chronic shallow gastritis （CSG）, 28.6% （6/21） and 14.3% （3/21） in chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）, respectively. The rates of expression loss of transcripts A and B in adjacent non-carcinomatous were 0. RASSF 1A and RASSF 1B mRNA expressions had no statistical relations with different grade of gastric- carcinoma. Conclusion： The two different RASSF1 transcripts RASSF1A and RASSF1B were almost expressed in adjacent non-carcinomatous gastric tissues. RASSF1A had a significant expression loss in gastric-carcinoma, and has no statistical relation with different grade of gastric-carcinoma. The result indicated that RASSF1A was a suppressor gene.

The parallel biosynthesis routes of hyperoside from naringenin in Hypericum monogynum

Hyperoside is a bioactive flavonoid galactoside in both medicinal and edible plants.It plays an important physiological role in the growth of flower buds.However,the hyperoside biosynthesis pathway has not been systematically elucidated in plants,including its original source,Hypericaceae.Our group found abundant hyperoside in the flower buds of Hypericum monogynum,and we sequenced its transcriptome to study the biosynthetic mechanism of hyperoside.After gene screening and functional verification,four kinds of key enzymes were identified.Specifically,HmF3Hs(flavanone 3-hydroxylases)and HmFLSs(flavonol synthases)could catalyze flavanones into dihydroflavonols,as well as catalyzing dihydroflavonols into flavonols.HmFLSs could also convert flavanones into flavonols and flavones with varying efficiencies.HmF3′H(flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase)was found to act broadly on 4′-hydroxyl flavonoids to produce 3′,4′-diydroxylated flavanones,dihydroflavonols,flavonols,and flavones.HmGAT(flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase)would transform flavonols into the corresponding 3-O-galactosides,including hyperoside.The parallel hyperoside biosynthesis routes were thus depicted,one of which was successfully reconstructed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)by feeding naringenin,resulting in a hyperoside yield of 25 mg/l.Overall,this research not only helped us understand the interior catalytic mechanism of hyperoside in H.monogynum concerning flower development and bioactivity,but also provided valuable insights into these enzyme families.

Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(BEMs).The approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species richness.If data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in China.We fitted BEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENT),and presence–absence(GAM and BRT)BEMs.Individual species predictions were stacked to generate species richness gradients.Here,we show that different data sources and BEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species richness.The environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data sources.Models using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest accuracy.Potential richness patterns estimated by GAM and BRT models were robust to data uncertainty.When multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

Target-adaptive optical phased array lidar

Lidar based on the optical phased array(OPA)and frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)technology stands out in automotive applications due to its all-solid-state design,high reliability,and remarkable resistance to interference.However,while FMCW coherent detection enhances the interference resistance capabilities,it concurrently results in a significant increase in depth computation,becoming a primary constraint for improving point cloud density in such perception systems.To address this challenge,this study introduces a lidar solution leveraging the flexible scanning characteristics of OPA.The proposed system categorizes target types within the scene based on RGB images.Subsequently,it performs scans with varying angular resolutions depending on the importance of the targets.Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to traditional scanning methods,the target-adaptive method based on semantic segmentation reduces the number of points to about one-quarter while maintaining the resolution of the primary target area.Conversely,with a similar number of points,the proposed approach increases the point cloud density of the primary target area by about four times.

Inversion of ocean-bottom seismometer(OBS) waveforms for oceanic crust structure: a synthetic study

The waveform inversion method is applied-- using synthetic ocean-bottom seismometer （OBS） data--to study oceanic crust structure. A niching genetic algorithm （NGA） is used to implement the inversion for the thickness and P-wave velocity of each layer, and to update the model by minimizing the objective function, which consists of the misfit and cross-correlation of observed and synthetic waveforms. The influence of specific NGA method parameters is discussed, and suitable values are presented. The NGA method works well for various observation systems, such as those with irregular and sparse distribu- tion of receivers as well as single receiver systems. A strategy is proposed to accelerate the convergence rate by a factor of five with no increase in computational complex- ity; this is achieved using a first inversion with several generations to impose a restriction on the preset range of each parameter and then conducting a second inversion with the new range. Despite the successes of this method, its usage is limited. A shallow water layer is not favored because the direct wave in water will suppress the useful reflection signals from the crust. A more precise calculation of the air-gun source signal should be considered in order to better simulate waveforms generated in realistic situa- tions; further studies are required to investigate this issue.

Research on the Flexible Yoga Training Mode based on Yin and Yang Theory of Dialectical Thinking Pattern

In this research paper, we conduct research on the flexible yoga training mode based on Yin and Yang theory of dialectical thinking pattern. Yoga become modem young people are increasingly keen on sports exercise program, at the same time, as more ferocious originated in India yoga culture, even beyond the native of the popularity of the tai chi culture in China, in view of this kind of social cultural phenomenon, the author think it is necessary to carry out the two of fitness culture contrast research, to more deep understanding from angle of culturology of tai chi chuan and the Indian yoga in development in our country, as well as the similarities and differences of inheritance, development and research of its better to provide theoretical reference. We discuss the combination of the cutures and propose the flexible yoga training mode which is innovative.

Dynamic simulation and parametric influence analysis on thermal performance of a quartz tube solid particle receiver in solar tower power plants

Due to a higher operating temperature(≥800 ℃),Solar Particle Receiver(SPR)which uses particles as the working medium is considered as one of best candidates to improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of concentrating solar power plants.In this paper,a quartz tube solid particle receiver model is fully developed by using the discretized lumped parameter method,in which the calculation process of particle temperature and thermal loss is clearly given.In order to improve the manipulation level of particle receiver during the operation,the dynamic characteristics of the quartz tube particle receiver are comprehensively studied by the disturbance test of selected input parameters.Besides,in order to grasp the influence rule of key parameters on the thermal performance of particle receiver,the key parameters'sensitivity analysis is also deeply studied.The results show that the particle outlet temperature can reach as high as 810 ℃ under a relatively small value of solar flux 600 kW/m^(2),but the receiver efficiency is only about 75%;Besides,the receiver efficiency shows a variation tendency that it rises first falls afterwards with the increase of incident solar flux.The validity of proposed model is verified by a heating experi-mental system with a single quartz tube,and the relative error is not more than 7.9%.The research results are beneficial for understanding the dynamic characteristics and designing the particle receiver.

Facile preparation ofα-MnO_(2)nanowires for assembling free-standing membrane with efficient Fenton-like catalytic activity

Assembling MnO_(2)nanowires into macroscopic membrane is a promising engineered technology for catalyst separation and enhancement of Fenton-like reaction activity,yet its development is limited by the deficiencies in preparation and property modulation of the MnO_(2)nanowires.In this work,we developed a facile method using C_(2)H_5OH and CH_(3)COOK as reductive and vital control reagents to react with KMnO_(4)by hydrothermal reaction at 140℃for 12 h,to prepare the ultralongα-MnO_(2)nanowires up to tens of micrometers with high purity and aspect ratio.Such strategy not only had the advantages of being mild,easily controlled and environmental pollution-free,but also endowedα-MnO_(2)nanowires with excellent ability as a Fenton catalyst when assembled into free-standing membrane for degrading phenolic compounds(k_(obs)=0.0738~0.1695 min^(-1))in a continuous flow reaction.The reactive oxygen species(i.e.,~·OH)from Fenton-like reaction were enriched within thisα-MnO_(2)nanowire membrane via nanoconfinement effect,which further enhanced the mass transportation of~·OH available for phenolic contaminants.MnO_(2)nanowire membrane using our method possessed the high practical potential for water purify due to its easy-preparation and enhanced catalytic performances.

Visualizing Language and Aging From 2013-2022

Declining cognitive abilities can be a concomitant of advanced age.As language is closely associated with cognitive abilities,changes in language abilities can be an important marker of changes in cognitive abilities.The current study is to review cognitive studies of language and aging by first identifying and exploring the major clusters and pivotal articles and then detecting emerging trends.Data of 3,266 articles on language and aging from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database.Adopting Document Co-citation Analysis,Freeman’s betweenness centrality metric(Freeman,2002)and Kleinberg’s burst detection algorithm(Kleinberg,2002),we explored major clusters,pivotal articles and emerging trends in this field.Cognition appears to be the most remarkable cluster.Bilingualism,speech production,listening effort,and reading comprehension are other major active clusters in a certain period.The most recent active cluster concerns the studies of Alzheimer’s disease.Articles serving as pivotal points concentrate on cognitive studies of the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening(FUEL),the new Ease of Language Understanding model(EUL)and a hierarchical multi-representational generative framework of language comprehension.The progress in statistical methods,the relationship between language and cognitive impairment and the relationship between language abilities and cognition are the emerging trends.These emerging trends will provide some insights into how cognitive abilities influence language abilities in aging.

Impact of ozonation on disinfection byproducts formation from phenylalanine during chlorination

As a strong oxidizing agent,ozone is used in some water treatment facilities for disinfection,taste and odor control,and removal of organic micropollutants.Phenylalanine(Phe)was used as the target amino acid to comprehensively investigate variability of disinfection byproducts(DBPs)formation during chlorine disinfection and residual chlorine conditions subsequent to ozonation.The results showed that subsequent to ozonation,the typical regulated and unregulated DBPs formation potential(DBPsFP),including trichloromethane(TCM),dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN),chloral hydrate(CH),dichloroacetic acid(DCAA),trichloroacetic acid(TCAA),and trichloroacetamide(TCAcAm)increased substantially,by 2.4,3.3,5.6,1.2,2.5,and 6.0 times,respectively,compared with only chlorination.Ozonation also significantly increased the DBPs yield under a 2 day simulated residual chlorine condition that mimicked the water distribution system.DBPs formations followed pseudo first order kinetics.The formation rates of DBPs in the first 6 hr were higher for TCM(0.214 hr^(−1)),DCAN(0.244 hr^(−1)),CH(0.105 hr^(−1)),TCAcAm(0.234 hr^(−1)),DCAA(0.375 hr^(−1))and TCAA(0.190 hr^(−1))than thereafter.The peak DBPsFP of TCM,DCAN,CH,TCAcAm,DCAA,and TCAA were obtained when that ozonation time was set at 5–15 min.Ozonation times>30 min increased the mineralization of Phe and decreased the formation of DBPs upon chlorination.Increasing bromine ion(Br^(−1))concentration increased production of bromine-DBPs and decreased chlorine-DBPs formation by 59.3%–92.2%.Higher ozone dosages and slight alkaline favored to reduce DBP formation and cytotoxicity.The ozonation conditions should be optimized for all application purposes including DBPs reduction.

Projected impacts of climate change on protected birds and nature reserves in China

Knowledge about climate change impacts on species distribution at national scale is critical to biodi- versity conservation and design of management programs. Although China is a biodiversity hot spot in the world, potential influence of climate change on Chinese protected birds is rarely studied. Here, we assess the impact of climate change on 108 protected bird species and nature reserves using species distribution modeling at a relatively fine spatial resolution （1 km） for the first time. We found that a large proportion of protected species would have potential suitable habitat shrink and northward range shift by 77-90 km in response to projected future climate change in 2080. Southeastern China would suffer from losing climate suitability, whereas the climate conditions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northeastern China were projected to become suitable for more protected species. On average, each protected area in decline of suitable climate for China would experience a 3-4 species by 2080. Cli- mate change will modify which species each protected area will be suitable for. Our results showed that the risk of extinction for Chinese protected birds would be high, even in the moderate climate change scenario. These findings indicate that the management and design of nature reserves in China must take climate change into consideration.

Variations of energy metabolism and adenosine Triphosphatase activity in gastric mucosa in chronic atrophic gastritis rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and effect of Zhiweifangbian capsule

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Zhiweifangbian (ZWFB) capsule on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities in gastric mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: Totally 90 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal group (n=10) and modelgroup (n=80). The CAG rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type was induced by synthetic methods. After modeling for 12 weeks and the successful CAG model was determined, the CAG model rats were divided by random number table into model group (MG), ZWFB high-dose group (ZWFBH), ZWFB middle-dose group (ZWFBM), ZWFB low-dose group (ZWFBL) and Weimeisu group (WM), 9 rats in each group. The rats in the normal and model groups were intragastrically administrated with distilled water, 10 mL/kg every day; the ZWFB high-dose group with ZWFB, 0.6 g/ kg -1 · d -1 ; the ZWFB middle-dose group with ZWFB, 0.3 g/kg -1 · d -1 ; the ZWFB low-dose group with ZWFB, 0.15 g/kg -1 · d -1 , and the WM group with suspension of WM , 0.25 g/kg -1 · d -1 . The treatment was given for 90 consecutive days. Then general survival states were observed and the activities of LDH, SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase in gastric mucosa tissue were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, activity of LDH in the gastric mucosa (P<0.05) and activities of SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase significantly decreased in the normal group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group the activity of LDH decreased and activities of SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase significantly increased in the high dose ZWFB group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ZWFB capsule can promote energy metabolism and ATPase activity in the gastric mucosa cell, so as to protect the function of the gastric mucosa cell.

Germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode for 1550 nm weak light signal detection at room temperature

To optimize the dark current characteristic and detection efficiency of the 1550 nm weak light signal at room temperature,this work proposes a Ge-on-Si avalanche photodiode[APD]in Geiger mode,which could operate at 300 K.This lateral separate absorption charge multiplication APD shows a low breakdown voltage[V_(br)]in Geiger mode of-7.42 V and low dark current of 0.096 n A at unity gain voltage[V_(Gain)=1=-7.03 V].Combined with an RF amplifier module and counter,the detection system demonstrates a low dark count rate[DCR]of 1.1×10^(6) counts per second and high detection efficiencyηof 7.8%for 1550 nm weak coherent pulse detection at 300 K.The APD reported in this work weakens the dependence of the weak optical signal recognition on the low environment temperature and makes single-chip integration of the single-photon level detection system possible.

Three-terminal germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode with extended p-charge layer for dark current reduction

Germanium-on-silicon(Ge-on-Si) avalanche photodiodes(APDs) are widely used in near-infrared detection, laser ranging, free space communication, quantum communication, and other fields. However, the existence of lattice defects at the Ge/Si interface causes a high dark current in the Ge-on-Si APD, degrading the device sensitivity and also increasing energy consumption in integrated circuits. In this work, we propose a novel surface illuminated Ge-on-Si APD architecture with three terminals. Besides two electrodes on Si substrates, a third electrode is designed for Ge to regulate the control current and bandwidth, achieving multiple outputs of a single device and reducing the dark current of the device. When the voltage on Ge is -27.5 V, the proposed device achieves a dark current of 100 n A, responsivity of 9.97 A/W at -40 d Bm input laser power at 1550 nm, and optimal bandwidth of 142 MHz. The low dark current and improved responsivity can meet the requirements of autonomous driving and other applications demanding weak light detection.

Between Religious Obligation and Health Security:Saudi Hajj Governance Under COVID-19

Hajj is one of the‘Five Pillars’in Islam.However,the large-scale cross-border movement of pilgrims around the world poses huge challenges over health security.Saudi Hajj governance is not only a need to maintain health security,but also to a large extent the sharia considerations related to the prerequisites for Hajj.In recent years,Saudi Arabia has gained rich experience in dealing with the challenges of SARS,MERS and other infectious diseases on Hajj.With the spread of the COVID-19 to Mecca in February 2020,Saudi Arabia has been facing serious challenges.Based on domestic and global epidemic prevention considerations,the Saudi government finally introduced the new policy on 2020 Hajj,which for the first time halted the Hajj of overseas Muslims,and only selected a very limited number of pilgrims within Saudi territory to perform Hajj.Saudi actually balances three major structural contradictions between maintaining health security and fighting the epidemic,and to a certain extent ensuring the rights of Muslims around the world.With the easing of the epidemic in Saudi Arabia in 2021,how to ensure that the Hajj can be performed in 2021 under the COVID-19 has aroused great attention from the international community.For the current review,Saudi new Hajj policy in 2020 has achieved due results.Saudi Arabia continued the scaled-down Hajj policy in 2021 due to the constant mutations of the coronavirus.The formation of Saudi Hajj policy under COVID-19 directly comes from the rich experience of Saudi Arabia in effectively maintaining the Hajj health security during the spread of different global epidemics,and fundamentally rooted in the hygiene and cleanliness within the Islamic civilisation.