Phased Array Feed Experiments and Galactic HI Observations

The Phased Array Feed(PAF)is considered as one of the next generation receivers for radio telescopes,which can significantly enlarge the instantaneous Field-of-View of large aperture single dish radio telescopes and enable more flexible observing configurations.Study efforts on PAF development for radio telescopes have been made for more than two decades and have become more and more applicable.We report the development of an ambient-temperature 19 element L-band PAF system and the experimental results including its far field beam pattern and system temperature measurement,which achieve the expectations.Implementing the aperture array beam-forming method,we demonstrate a wide-field Galactic HI observations in the radio camera mode.The results indicate that this system might be applicable for strong Galactic transient detections.This system could be directly equipped to large telescopes like the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)and FAST array in the future.

激光修整圆柱形CBN砂轮中偏焦量对能量分布的影响

激光束偏焦量是修整圆柱形砂轮的重要参数,它影响光斑形状及其能量密度,因而影响激光修整砂轮的质量。介绍了用数控Nd:YAG激光系统修整圆柱形CBN砂轮过程中,偏焦量对光斑作用能量分布的影响与其修整作用的基本原理,建立了激光偏焦量作用于圆柱形砂轮上任意一点的光斑面积数学模型;给出了调整激光偏焦量修整圆柱形砂轮的关系与参数范围;采用计算与试验结合的方法,得到激光偏焦量、输入能量密度及激光修整参数的对应关系。研究结果为进一步提高激光修整圆柱形陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮的质量提供了理论与试验依据。

Methods for a blind analysis of isobar data collected by the STAR collaboration

In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.

青藏高原东缘和东南缘上地幔间断面结构:腾冲板内火山起源和扬子克拉通西部岩石层拆沉约束

利用两个密集流动宽频带地震台阵观测资料,采用P波接收函数方法,获得了青藏高原东缘和东南缘的上地幔过渡带结构。结果显示,与红河断裂东侧地区相比,断裂以西地区,410-km和660-km间断面埋深均下沉。两个间断面的同时下沉可用过渡带上方的上地幔温度的横向变化来解释,推测红河断裂可能深至上地幔顶部,将印支和华南板块分开。红河断裂以西腾冲火山地区下方,其过渡带厚度接近于全球平均值,暗示该板内火山不是源于过渡带内停滞板片的脱水作用,而是与东向俯冲的印度板块在上地幔较浅深度发生的板内撕裂有关。在扬子克拉通西部地区,660-km间断面明显下沉,导致过渡带增厚达20km。这种增厚可能反映过渡带内存在岩石层拆沉残留,因而温度要低,而岩石层拆沉可能与上覆软流圈地幔的侧向流有关。此外,我们还发现四川盆地大部分地区下方过渡带厚度基本接近于全球平均值。

Simulating the Farm Production System Using the MONARC Simulation Tool

The simulation program developed by the "Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers"(MONARC) project is a powerful and flexible tool for simulating the behavior of large scale distributed computing systems,In this study,we further validate this simulation tool in a large-scale distributed farm computing system.We also report the usage of this simulation tool to identify the bottlenecks and limitations of our farm system.

Amplitude analysis of the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)

Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both channels.With the obtained amplitude model,the CP-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,respectively.The branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,respectively.The amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.

Determination of the number ofψ(3686)events taken at BESⅢ

The number ofψ(3686)events collected by the BESⅢdetector during the 2021 run period is determined to be(2259.3±11.1)×10~6 by counting inclusiveψ(3686)hadronic events.The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.Meanwhile,the numbers ofψ(3686)events collected during the 2009 and 2012run periods are updated to be(107.7±0.6)×10~6 and(345.4±2.6)×10~6,respectively.Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation.The total number ofψ(3686)events in the three data samples is(2712.4±14.3)×10~6.

Observation of e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ-+c.c.

Using data taken at 29 center-of-mass energies between 4.16 and 4.70 GeV with the BESⅢdetector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 18.8 fb^(-1),the process e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ+c.c.is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 11.5σ.The average Born cross sections in the energy ranges of(4.160,4.380)GeV,(4.400,4.600)GeV and(4.610,4.700)GeV are measured to be(21.5±5.7±1.2)fb,(46.3±10.6±2.5)fb and(59.0±9.4±3.2)fb,respectively,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.The line shapes of the pñ and ppπ^(-)invariant mass spectra are consistent with phase space distributions,indicating that no hexaquark or di-baryon state is observed.

Search for hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness in e^(+)e^(−)→K^(+)D_(s)^(∗−) D^(∗0 )+ c.c.

We report a search for a heavier partner of the recently observed Z_(cs)(3985)^(-) state,denoted as Z_(cs)^('-),in the process e^(+)e^(−)→K^(+)D_(s)^(∗−) D^(∗0 )+ c.c.,based on e^(*)e^(-)collision data collected at the center-of-mass energies of √s=4.661,4.682 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector.The Z_(cs)^('-) is of interest as it is expected to be a candidate for a hidden-charm and open-strange tetraquark.A partial-reconstruction technique is used to isolate K^(+)recoil-mass spectra,which are probed for a potential contribution from Z_(cs)^('-)→D_(s)^(∗−) D^(∗0 )+ c.c.We find an excess of Z_(cs)^('-)→D_(s)^(*-)-D^(*0)(c.c.)candidates with a significance of 2.1o,after considering systematic uncertainties,at a mass of(4123.5±0.7_(sat)±4.7_(syst.))MeV/c^(2).As the data set is limited in size,the upper limits are evaluated at the 90%confidence level on the product of the Born cross sections(σ^(Borm))and the branching fraction(B)of Z_(cs)^('-)→D_(s)^(*-)-D^(*0),under different assumptions of the Z_(cs)^('-) mass from 4.120 to 4.140 MeV and of the width from 10 to 50 MeV at the three center-of-mass energies.The upper limits of σ^(Born).B are found to be at the level of O(1)pb at each energy.Larger data samples are needed to confirm the Z_(cs)^('-) state and clarify its nature in the coming years.

Search for the weak decayψ(3686)→■+c.c.

Using(448.1±2.9)×10^(6)ψ(3686)for the weak baryonic decayψ(3686)→Λc+∑-+c.c..The analysis procedure is optimized using a blinded method.No significant signal is observed,and the upper limit on the branching fraction(B)ofψ(3686)→Λc+∑-+c.c.is set as 1.4×10^(-5)at the 90%confidence level.

Observations of the Cabibbo-Suppressed decays Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ+π^(0),nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+) and the Cabibbo-Favored decay Λ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+)

Using electron-positron annihilation data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb-1,collected by the BESⅢdetector in the energy region between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV,we report the first observations of the Cabibbo-suppressed decaysΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0),Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+),and the Cabibbo-favored decayΛ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+)with statistical significances of 7.9σ,7.8σ,and>10σ,respectively.The branching fractions of these decays are measured to be B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0))=(0.64±0.09±0.02)%,B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+))=(0.45±0.07±0.03)%,and B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+))=(1.90±0.08±0.09)%,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.We find that the branching fraction of the decayΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0)is about one order of magnitude higher than that ofΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+).

Ultrastrong steel strengthened by multiple shearable nanostructures

Precipitation of multiple strong nanoprecipitates is crucial for the development of ultrahigh-strength structural materials with a strength of 2.5 GPa or above.Nevertheless,the ductility usually loses rapidly with strength due to limited dislocation mobility and high cracking tendency if coarse non-deformable precipitates are employed.Herein,we report a 2.5 GPa maraging steel strengthened by an ultrahigh den-sity of intermeshed shearable nanostructures consisting of Ni(Al,Fe)nanoprecipitates and Mo-rich(∼30 at.%)disordered clusters,both of which assume coherent interfaces.The fully coherent B2-Ni(Al,Fe)par-ticles precipitate in an extremely fast fashion,effectively accelerating local aggregation of low-diffusivity Mo atoms and promoting the formation of Mo-rich clusters surrounding them.This elemental partition was found to be further enhanced by Co addition via depleting both residual Al and Mo within the ma-trix,leading to the formation of copious yet fine intermeshed nanostructures.During plastic deformation,the interlocked nanostructures not only enhance local cutting stress by combining long-range elastic and short-range chemically ordering effects but also improve dislocation activity and resist shear-induced plastic instability.The multiple shearable nanostructures endow decent ductility(>6%)of the 2.5 GPa steel,suggesting a new paradigm for designing ultrastrong steels.

Measurement of integrated luminosities at BESⅢ for data samples at center-of-mass energies between 4.0 and 4.6 GeV

The integrated luminosities of data samples collected in the BESⅢ experiment in 2016-2017 at centerof-mass energies between 4.19 and 4.28 GeV are measured with a precision better than 1% by analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events.The integrated luminosities of old datasets collected in 2010-2014 are updated by considering corrections related to detector performance,offsetting the effect of newly discovered readout errors in the electromagnetic calorimeter,which can haphazardly occur.

Luminosities and energies of e^(+)e^(−) collision data taken between √s=4.61 GeV and 4.95 GeV at BESⅢ

From December 2019 to June 2021,the BESⅢ experiment collected approximately 5.85 fb^(−1) of data at center-of-mass energies between 4.61 and 4.95 GeV.This is the highest collision energy BEPCⅡ has reached to date.The accumulated e^(+)e^(−) annihilation data samples are useful for studying charmonium(-like)states and charmed-hadron decays.By adopting a novel method of analyzing the production of A_(c)^(+)A_(c)^(-) pairs in e^(+)e^(−) annihilation,the center-of-mass energies are measured with a precision of 0.6 MeV.Integrated luminosities are measured with a precision of better than 1% by analyzing the events of large-angle Bhabha scattering.These measurements provide important inputs to analyses based on these data samples.

Observation of the Y(4230)and a new structure in e^(+)e^(-)→K^(+)K^(-)J/Ψ

The cross sections of e^(+)e^(-)→K^(+)K^(-)J/Ψat center-of-mass energies from 4.127 to 4.600 GeV are measured based on 15.6 fb-1data collected with the BESⅢ detector operating at the BEPCⅡ storage ring.Two resonant structures are observed in the line shape of the cross sections.The mass and width of the first structure are measured to be(4225.3±2.3±21.5)MeV and(72.9±6.1±30.8)MeV,respectively.They are consistent with those of the established Y(4230).The second structure is observed for the first time with a statistical significance greater than 8σ,denoted as Y(4500).Its mass and width are determined to be(4484.7±13.3±24.1)MeV and(111.1±30.1±15.2)MeV,respectively.The first presented uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.The product of the electronic partial width with the decay branching fractionΓ(Y(4230)→e^(+)e^(−))B(Y(4230)→K^(+)K^(−)J/Ψ)is reported.

Enhancing strength and ductility of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selective laser melting by TiB_(2)nanoparticles

In the metallic components fabricated by the emerging selective laser melting(SLM)technology,most strategies used for strengthening the materials sacrifice the ductility,leading to the so-called strengthductility trade-off.In the present study,we report that the strength and ductility of materials can be enhanced simultaneously by introducing nanoparticles,which can break the trade-off of the metallic materials.In the case of in-situ nano-TiB_(2)decorated AlSi10Mg composites,the introduced nanoparticles lead to columnar-to-equiaxed transition,grain refinement and texture elimination.With increasing content of nanoparticles,the strength increases continually.Significantly,the ductility first increases and then decreases.Our results show that the ductility is controlled by the competition between the crack-induced catastrophic fracture and ductile fracture associated with dislocation activities.The first increase of ductility is mainly attributed to the suppression of crack-induced catastrophic fracture when TiB_(2)nanoparticles present.With the further increase of TiB_(2)nanoparticles,the subsequent decrease of ductility is mainly controlled by dislocation activities.Thus,the materials will exhibit the optimum strength and ductility combination in a certain range of TiB_(2)nanoparticles.This study clarifies the physical mechanism controlling ductility for nano-TiB_(2)decorated Al Si10Mg composites,which provides the insights for the design of structural materials.

Designing Bulk Metallic Glass Composites with Enhanced Formability and Plasticity

To address the main stumbling-block of bulk metallic glasses （BMGs）, i.e., room temperature brittleness, designing BMG matrix composites has been attracted extensive attention. Up to date, BMG composites in various alloy systems have been successfully developed by forming crystalline phases embedded in the amorphous matrix through either ex-situ or in-situ methods. In this paper, a brief review of our recent work in this topic will be presented and the novel approaches to improving composite formability and mechanical properties will also be highlighted. The main purpose of this manuscript is not to offer a comprehensive review of all the BMG composites, but instead focuses will be placed on illustrating recently developed advanced BMG composites including Fe-based BMG composite with no metalloids, AI-based BMG composite and BMG composites reinforced by the TRIP （transformation-induced plasticity） effects. The basic ideas and related mechanisms underlying the development of these novel BMG composites will be discussed.

Tailoring grain growth and solid solution strengthening of single-phase CrCoNi medium-entropy alloys by solute selection

In the present study,we selected solutes to be added to the Cr Co Ni medium-entropy alloy(MEA)based on the mismatch of self-diffusion activation energy(SDQ)between the alloying elements and constituent elements of the matrix,and then investigated their grain growth behavior and mechanical properties.Mo and Al were selected as the solutes for investigation primarily because they have higher and lower SDQ,respectively,than those of the matrix elements;a secondary factor was their higher and lower shear modulus.Their concentrations were fixed at 3 at.%each because previous work had shown these compositions to be single-phase solid solutions with the face-centered cubic structure.Three alloys were produced by arc melting,casting,homogenizing,cold rolling and annealing at various temperatures and times to produce samples with different grain sizes.They were(a)the base alloy Cr Co Ni,(b)the base alloy plus 3 at.%Mo,and(c)the base alloy plus 3 at.%Al.The activation energies for grain growth of the Cr Co Ni,Cr Co Ni-3Mo and CrCo Ni-3Al MEAs were found to be^251,~368 and^219 k J/mol,respectively,consistent with the notion that elements with higher SDQ(in this study Mo)retard grain growth(likely by a solute-drag effect),whereas those with lower values(Al)accelerate grain growth.The roomtemperature tensile properties show that Mo increases the yield strength by^40%but Al addition has a smaller strengthening effect consistent with their relative shear moduli.The yield strength as a function of grain size for the three single-phase MEAs follows the classical Hall-Petch relationship with much higher slopes(>600 MPaμm-0.5)than traditional solid solutions.This work shows that the grain growth kinetics and solid solution strengthening of the Cr Co Ni MEA can be tuned by selecting solute elements that have appropriate diffusion and physical properties.

Microstructural stability and aging behavior of refractory high entropy alloys at intermediate temperatures

Several body-centered-cubic(BCC)refractory high entropy alloys(HEAs),i.e.,Hf Nb Ta Ti Zr,Nb Ta Ti Zr,Hf Nb Ti Zr and Nb Ti Zr,were annealed at intermediate temperatures for 100 h,and their microstructures and aging behaviors were studied in detail.All these HEAs start to decompose into multiple phases at around 500°C,but reenter the single-phase region at significantly different temperatures which were determined to be 900,1000,1100 and above 1300°C for Hf Nb Ti Zr,Nb Ti Zr,Hf Nb Ta Ti Zr and Nb Ta Ti Zr,respectively.Our analysis indicates that the onset decomposition temperature in these four HEAs is closely related to the elemental diffusion rates while the ending decomposition temperature is strongly dependent on the elemental melting points.Our findings are important not only for understanding phase stability of HEAs in general,but also for adjusting processing parameters to optimize mechanical properties of these HEAs.

Strain-engineered N-polar InGaN nanowires:towards high-efficiency red LEDs on the micrometer scale

The absence of efficient red-emitting micrometer-scale light emitting diodes(LEDs),i.e.,LEDs with lateral dimensions of 1μm or less is a major barrier to the adoption of microLEDs in virtual/augmented reality.The underlying challenges include the presence of extensive defects and dislocations for indium-rich InGaN quantum wells,strain-induced quantum-confined Stark effect,and etch-induced surface damage during the fabrication of quantum well microLEDs.Here,we demonstrate a new approach to achieve strong red emission(>620 nm)from dislocation-free N-polar InGaN/GaN nanowires that included an InGaN/GaN short-period superlattice underneath the active region to relax strain and incorporate more indium within the InGaN dot active region.The resulting submicrometer-scale devices show red electroluminescence dominantly from an InGaN dot active region at low-to-moderate injection currents.A peak external quantum efficiency and a wall-plug efficiency of 2.2%and1.7%were measured,respectively,which,to the best of our knowledge,are the highest values reported for a submicrometer-scale red LED.This study offers a new path to overcome the efficiency bottleneck of red-emitting microLEDs for a broad range of applications including mobile displays,wearable electronics,biomedical sensing,ultrahigh speed optical interconnect,and virtual/augmented reality.