山西古代壁画中的数理文化考--以汾阳圣母庙和阳泉平坦脑村墓室壁画为例

文章打破壁画研究的学科壁垒,以壁画为载体深入研究其图像价值。通过运用瓦尔堡“好邻居原则”和潘诺夫斯基“图像学三层次阐释结构”的方法,从前图像志分析、图像志分析、图像学解释三个方面解读汾阳圣母庙壁画和阳泉平坦脑村墓室壁画图像,解密山西传统壁画中的地砖图形和建筑台基图像内部蕴涵的相关科学信息,以及在了解壁画创作者的科学素质的同时,窥探其反映的宋代“画学”和“算学”处于同等地位的信息。从图像学视域研究山西古代壁画的数理文化,既可以弥补已往研究之不足,又能提供新的研究思路,具有重要的方法论示范价值。

地理大数据揭示中国主要城市建成环境物质存量的空间格局

The patterns of material accumulation in buildings and infrastructure accompanied by rapid urbanization offer an important,yet hitherto largely missing stock perspective for facilitating urban system engineering and informing urban resources,waste,and climate strategies.However,our existing knowledge on the patterns of built environment stocks across and particularly within cities is limited,largely owing to the lack of sufficient high spatial resolution data.This study leveraged multi-source big geodata,machine learning,and bottom-up stock accounting to characterize the built environment stocks of 50 cities in China at 500 m fine-grained levels.The per capita built environment stock of many cities(261 tonnes per capita on average)is close to that in western cities,despite considerable disparities across cities owing to their varying socioeconomic,geomorphology,and urban form characteristics.This is mainly owing to the construction boom and the building and infrastructure-driven economy of China in the past decades.China’s urban expansion tends to be more“vertical”(with high-rise buildings)than“horizontal”(with expanded road networks).It trades skylines for space,and reflects a concentration-dispersion-concentration pathway for spatialized built environment stocks development within cities in China.These results shed light on future urbanization in developing cities,inform spatial planning,and support circular and low-carbon transitions in cities.

The Implantation and Transmission of Plague Culture by the Five Plague Gods in Shuilu Murals

The Five Plague Gods(五瘟神) in the Shuilu(水陆) murals from the Ming and Qing dynasties exemplify a distinctive manifestation of plague gods image developed under the pedigree of Taoist gods.As a significant system for expelling disasters in Shuilu,the depiction of the Five Plague Gods prominently merges human beings and livestock.This shape form to a large extent,draws on the image of Nuo(傩),a figure reflecting an imagination of the host of plague pathogens.In terms of the numbers of gods,it aligns with the conceptual framework of Wu Xing(五行 the five elements),a foundational principle in traditional Chinese medicine.The internal cultural connection highlights the means of plague prevention and control in China,as well as the external reflection of plague culture.Through multi-dimensional interpretations with the double proof method,this article dissects the formation,core elements,and cultural characteristics of the beliefs in the Five Plague Gods reflected in the Shuilu murals,and transcends mere visual semantics,offering a deeper understanding of these complex cultural symbols.

饲粮中添加戊糖片球菌对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率以及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率以及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取(75±3)日龄的健康雄性短毛黑水貂100只,随机分为5组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只水貂。每天在每只水貂的基础饲粮中添加1 mL浓度分别为0(Ⅰ组,作为对照组)、1×107(Ⅱ组)、1×108(Ⅲ组)、1×109(Ⅳ组)和1×1010 CFU/mL(Ⅴ组)的新鲜戊糖片球菌菌液。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)试验第1~28天,各组之间粪便评分差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验第29~42天和第43~56天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的粪便评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验第1~56天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的粪便评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)试验第1~56天,Ⅲ组的平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验第29~42天,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的平均日采食量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。3)各组之间干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和碳水化合物的表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)Ⅲ组水貂血清胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组水貂血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。5)各组水貂血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅲ组水貂血清总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。6)各试验组水貂血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组水貂血清免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组水貂血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1×108 CFU/(d·只)戊糖片球菌时,可提高育成期水貂的生长性能,调节血脂水平,并提高机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能。

Delineation of fatty acid metabolism in gastric cancer:Therapeutic implications

BACKGROUND The prognosis of gastric cancer is extremely poor.Metabolic reprogramming involving lipids has been associated with cancer occurrence and progression.AIM To illustrate fatty acid metabolic mechanisms in gastric cancer,detect core genes,develop a prognostic model,and provide treatment options.METHODS Raw data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were collected and analyzed.Differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism genes were identified and incorporated into a risk model based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis.Then,patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were assigned to high-and low-risk cohorts according to the mean value of the risk score as the threshold,which was verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Relationships between chemotherapeutic sensitivity and tumor microenvironment features were assessed.RESULTS An integrated evaluation was performed in this study.Fatty acid metabolismrelated genes were used to construct the risk model.Patients classified into the high-risk cohort were considered to be resistant to chemotherapy based on results of the“pRRophetic”R package.Patients in the high-risk cohort were associated with type Ⅰ/Ⅱ interferon activation,increased inflammation level,immune cell infiltration,and tumor immune dysfunction based on the exclusion algorithm,indicating the potential benefit of immunotherapy in these patients.CONCLUSION We constructed a fatty acid-related risk score model to assess the comprehensive fatty acid features in gastric cancer and validated its vital role in prognosis,chemotherapy sensitivity,and immunotherapy.

The effects of smoking on blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine in young patients with ischemic stroke

Objective:To investigate clinical significance of the effects of smoking on blood lipids, C-reactive protein,and homocysteine in young ischemic stroke patients.Methods:The clinical data of 423 young stroke patients in the department of neurology at Taihe Hospital in Shiyan City, China were retrospectively analyzed, including age,gender,drinking history,family history,and atrial fibrillation history. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they smoked,and the blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine were compared between groups.Results:The proportion of smokers was 41.83%.The levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and homocysteine were higher in patients who smoked than in those who did not(P < 0.05). High density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in the smoking group (P < 0.05). C-reactive protein test results were divided into groups according to whether the levels exceeded the normal range or not, and no correlation was found between C-reactive protein levels and smoking(P>0.05). Conclusion:Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, and homocysteine were significantly different between stroke patients who smoked and those who did not. We therefore suggest that smoking cessation take place as soon as possible and that it be avoided entirely in order to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis and stroke.

Clinical features of AMPAR2 antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a case report

Objective:To describe the clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis complicated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods:The clinical data of one patient whose initial symptom was mental abnormality were collected and the related examinations,such as cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),were improved.Results: Cerebrospinal fluid examination found that anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor(AMPAR)2 antibody was strongly positive,although the patient had repeated gastrointestinal hemorrhage but,after hormone combined with immunoglobulin treatment,the symptoms gradual-ly improved.Conclusion:Mental disorders are not all psychosis,and autoimmune encephalitis should not be ignored.It is very important to perform anti-AMPAR encephalitis antibody test;accurate diagnosis and timely treatment can improve the prognosis.

Difference analysis of the influence of smoking on LDL,Cys-C,and hs-CRP in patients with cerebral infarction

Objective:To compare the effects of smoking on low-density lipoprotein(LDL),cystatin C(Cys-C)and C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:The clinical data of acute stroke patients classified as large atherosclerosis by the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification were collected,and the differences of gener-al data and results of LDL,Cys-C and hs-CRP in smoking and nonsmoking patients were compared to search for rel-evant clinical data with statistical significance.Results:A total of 116 patients with acute stroke classified as large atherosclerotic by TOAST were collected and divid-ed into groups according to smoking status.Among the smoking patients,gender,age,occupation,drinking,hy-pertension,and diabetes were used as influencing factors to compare whether LDL was greater than or equal to 1.3 mmol/L,Cys-C≥0.8 mg/L and hs-CRP≥4 mg/L,with P values greater than 0.05.There was no statistical differ-ence.Among non-smoking patients,occupation,alcohol consumption,and high blood pressure had statistical sig-nificance for whether LDL was greater than 1.3 mmol/L.Age,occupation,and diabetes had statistical significance for whether Cys-C was greater than 0.8 mg/L.Conclu-sion:In this study,there was no statistically significant impact on the test results of LDL,Cys-C,and CRP whether the patients with ischemic stroke were smokers or nonsmokers.

山西古代寺观壁画颜料工艺的价值与启示

山西寺观壁画颜料是山西诸多壁画遗存重要的绘制材料。颜料工艺的发展也是我们研究寺观壁画发展的重要组成部分。对寺观壁画颜料工艺的传承与保护是我们的责任。虽然化工颜料给我们带来更快捷廉价的使用体验,但传统颜料工艺在如今仍有其独特的价值。其丰富的科学技术价值和精神文化内涵是极显著的,在探寻其工艺价值的同时,山西古代寺观壁画颜料也回馈给我们相应的重要启示。

不同活化温度橡胶沥青微观结构特性与宏观性能联系研究

为探讨不同活化温度下橡胶改性沥青微观结构特性与宏观力学性能之间的联系,通过红外光谱试验,在常规性能试验、动态剪切流变试验以及多应力蠕变恢复试验的基础上,得到橡胶改性沥青的微观结构和宏观力学性能变化规律,建立两者之间的联系;并通过灰色关联分析,得到橡胶改性沥青不同活化温度与宏观力学性能和微观结构指标与宏观力学指标之间的关联程度。结果表明:在红外光谱下,胶粉的活化主要改变了橡胶改性沥青在1030 cm^-1和1600 cm^-1处亚砜基和丁二烯基两处官能团的伸缩振动区强度;随着活化温度的升高,红外光谱中亚砜基(S=O)和丁二烯基(C=C)指数逐渐降低,抗车辙因子(G*/sinδ)、蠕变回复率R3.2呈现逐渐降低的趋势,损耗因子(tanδ)、不可回复蠕变柔量Jnr3.2呈现逐渐升高的趋势。通过微观和宏观指标之间的关系模型可知,橡胶改性沥青S=O指数与宏观力学性能均有较好的相关性,其中与延度之间的线性相关性最好,可决系数R2为0.8880;C=C指数与135℃时布氏黏度的线性相关性最好,可决系数R2为0.9909,与针入度之间的相关性则较差。由灰色关联分析得到在活化温度为70℃时橡胶改性沥青的综合力学性能最优,S=O指数与135℃布氏黏度关联程度最好,C=C指数与软化点关联程度最好。

橡胶改性沥青胶核微观效应与宏观性能联系

为研究双螺杆挤出法下不同挤出温度和掺量的橡胶改性沥青胶核微观尺寸与宏观力学性能之间的联系,通过荧光显微试验得到改性沥青胶核微观尺寸,采用熵权分析法结合归一化法得到胶核的微观综合效应。与改性沥青的宏观性能联系,活化挤出脱硫工艺能够很好地对胶粉进行脱硫,从而增强其与沥青之间的溶胀反应。随着挤出温度的升高,脱硫效果越明显。改性沥青胶核的微观综合效应与其软化点、黏度、抗车辙因子和损耗因子均有很好的线性相关性,R^(2)值均在0.7以上,而与针入度和延度的线性相关性不明显。与改性沥青混合料的各项宏观性能指标也有很好的线性相关性,其中与混合料的动稳定度最好,R^(2)值可达0.990以上。

分子动力学模拟在胶粉改性沥青中的应用

为研究不同胶粉掺量下废旧轮胎橡胶改性沥青的力学性能,借助Materials Studio软件,对塔河AH-90#沥青进行四组分配料试验(沥青质、饱和酚、芳香酚和胶质),建立分子模型并验证模型的准确性。选取6组不同质量分数比的丁苯橡胶和天然橡胶,构建组合橡胶改性沥青分子模型。通过不同温度下的分子动力学模拟,得到100%丁苯橡胶胶粉与沥青相容性最好,160℃为橡胶和沥青的最佳掺拌温度。选择相容性最好的橡胶改性沥青,对不同胶粉掺量进行力学模拟,得到20%胶粉掺量的改性沥青剪切性能最优。

软硬颌垫结合综合康复治疗颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位复位固定术后咬合的临床研究

目的观察软硬颌垫结合综合康复治疗颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位复位固定术后咬合的临床疗效。方法对云南大学附属医院2017年1月至2021年4月收治的单侧颞下颌关节不可复性盘前移位行关节盘复位固定术的患者60例,通过辅助颌垫维持术后髁突位置。实验对象完全随机分为2组,实验组为软颌垫治疗组(n=30例),对照组为硬颌垫治疗组(n=30例)。术后行为期3个月左右的综合康复治疗及张口训练,在术后1、3、6个月进行随访,并在术后即刻、3、6个月进行MRI检查。研究采用Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数、核磁共振评价标准评价关节盘复位效果、张口度改善程度、疼痛程度VAS值及患者佩戴颌垫的舒适度,研究2种颌垫的疗效。结果所有患者术后均出现不同程度的患侧后牙开颌,中线偏向健侧情况,戴用颌垫3~6个月后,开颌情况改善。术后2组Friction指数较术前均有明显下降,统计学分析显示,术后1个月,软颌垫组CMI(0.149±0.054)较硬颌垫组(0.221±0.051)下降明显。术后即刻MRI评价结果,软硬颌垫治疗有效率达100%(30/30);术后3个月及术后6个月MRI评价结果相同,软硬颌垫治疗有效率达97%(29/30)。2组患者术后1个月软颌垫组张口度(2.73±0.27)cm优于硬颌垫组的(2.07±0.39)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1个月软颌垫组疼痛指数(2.18±0.54)明显低于硬颌垫组的(3.03±0.29),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1个月佩戴舒适度调查显示,软颌垫组患者舒适率86.7%明显高于硬颌垫组的73.3%(P<0.05)。结论软颌垫和硬颌垫治疗效果相似,但术后1个月软颌垫治疗效果明显优于硬颌垫,患者软颌垫佩戴舒适度也明显优于硬颌垫。结合软硬颌垫优缺点,即刻至术后1个月可先采用软颌垫,待术后1~3个月患者张口度明显改善后配合硬颌垫治疗,或视具体错颌畸形采用固定矫治器进行治疗。

叠层废旧轮胎隔震垫单轴受压性能及尺寸效应研究

为研究叠层废旧轮胎隔震垫(STP)在不同尺寸及设计压应力下的单轴受压性能,选取3种不同尺寸的6层叠层废旧轮胎隔震垫,将其置于设计压应力为4MPa、5MPa、6MPa的条件下进行单轴受压试验。分析探究尺寸效应及设计压应力对STP的竖向极限承载力、竖向压缩刚度、名义抗压弹性模量及竖向变形性能的影响,并基于其轴压性能稳定性,确定最优尺寸及设计压应力,同时结合极限承载力试验中STP的变形、裂缝延展及其内部钢丝网破坏等内外部破损行为,综合阐明STP轴压失效机理。结果表明,不同尺寸下叠层废旧轮胎隔震垫均具有良好的竖向力学性能,竖向变形性能稳定。尺寸为140mm×140mm,设计压应力为5MPa时STP的竖向力学性能最为稳定,为叠层废旧轮胎隔震技术的推广和应用提供参考。

氨气对畜禽肌肉品质的影响

舍内氨气暴露是影响畜禽生长和健康的重要环境因素之一。氨气暴露不但危害畜禽生长性能,还对畜禽肉品质产生影响。研究表明,氨可以通过核因子κ增强子结合蛋白(NF-κB)信号通路诱导肌肉生长抑素(MSTN)表达,抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路,从而抑制骨骼肌生长、蛋白质合成;氨气可以调控与脂肪代谢相关基因的表达,影响体脂分布。本文从舍内氨气产生、氨体内代谢、氨暴露对畜禽生长性能和肉品质的影响以及氨影响肉品质的可能分子机制方面进行综述,以期为改善养殖环境因子、提高畜禽肉品质提供新的依据和思路。

绿原酸的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

绿原酸主要存在于金银花、山银花、杜仲叶和咖啡豆等天然植物中,属于苯丙烯酸酯类多酚物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌、抗病毒及抗癌等功效。近年来研究发现,绿原酸对改善动物肠道健康、提高机体抗氧化能力具有积极影响,在畜禽生产中具有较大应用潜力。本文综述了绿原酸的主要生理功能及其可能的作用机理,并探讨了绿原酸作为畜禽饲料添加剂的应用前景,旨在为绿原酸作为新型饲料添加剂提供研究思路。

二氢槲皮素的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用进展

二氢槲皮素(DHQ)是黄酮类化合物,因具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗纤维化、抗癌、抗病毒等多种生物学功能,已被应用于食品、医药等领域。尤其在饲料“禁抗”后,作为天然植物提取物,二氢槲皮素在畜牧业生产中具有良好的应用前景。本文首先简要介绍了二氢槲皮素的分子结构和理化性质,其次探讨了二氢槲皮素的生物学功能及其可能的作用机制,最后总结了二氢槲皮素在畜禽生产中的初步研究进展,旨在为开发新型饲料添加剂和畜禽健康养殖提供理论依据。

山西盂县永清寺水陆壁画考

山西盂县永清寺水陆壁画残留东壁一墙,其图像以《天地冥阳水陆仪文》为依据进行创作,按此排列的神祇图式能够证明此“北水陆”盛行于晋地。壁画由于漫漶,题记消失,但根据寿阳普光寺壁画能够推导出完整神祇图式,这种“以图证文”、“以图证图”是考古双重证法的有效运用。壁画中的天学特征代表了明代水陆绘画更加走向世俗,宇宙观想成为水陆画在悲忏与超度之后,另一延展而来的功能。

Alginate oligosaccharides preparation, biological activities and their application in livestock and poultry

Alginate oligosaccharides(AOS), belonging to the class of functional marine oligosaccharides, are low-molecular polymers linked by β-1,4-mannuronic acid(M) and α-1,4-guluronic acid(G), which could be classically obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate. With low viscosity and good water solubility, as well as anti-oxidant, immune regulation, anti-bacterial and antiinflammatory activities, AOS have been widely used in medical science and functional food, green agriculture and other fields. As new bio-feed additives, AOS have broad potential applications in animal husbandry. In this review, the sources of alginate, chemical structure and preparation methods of AOS, and their biological activities and application in livestock and poultry are summarized. We expect this review could contribute to lay a foundation of application and further research for AOS in livestock and poultry.

山西水陆寺观壁画的图像式样系统

山西遗存有中国最多的寺观壁画,其中,水陆寺观有十余座,居全国之最。时代由宋金至元明时期均有建造绘制。这些水陆寺观壁画虽然都是以表现佛教仪式水陆法会为主旨的绘画创作形式,但由于时代和地域的不同,出现了许多不同样式不同内容的艺术语言。同时,其以“三教九流、诸子百家”为创作依据的图像,涵盖了中国最为丰富的文化内涵与人文特质。研究山西水陆寺观壁画的系统样式,能够将中国传统元明清时期的宗教神祇和民间信仰诸神进行归类整理,完备其神祇图谱。