This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptabi...This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptability and application status of traditional downhole data acquisition method,cable communications and testing technology,cable-controlled downhole parameter real-time monitoring communication method and downhole wireless communication technology are introduced in detail.Problems and challenges of existing technologies in downhole monitoring and data transmission technology are pointed out.According to the production requirement,the future development direction of the downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection is proposed.For the large number of wells adopting cable measuring and adjustment technology,the key is to realize the digitalization of downhole plug.For the key monitoring wells,cable-controlled communication technology needs to be improved,and downhole monitoring and data transmission technology based on composite coiled tubing needs to be developed to make the operation more convenient and reliable.For large-scale application in oil fields,downhole wireless communication technology should be developed to realize automation of measurement and adjustment.In line with ground mobile communication network,a digital communication network covering the control center,water distribution station and oil reservoir should be built quickly to provide technical support for the digitization of reservoir development.展开更多
This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adap...This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.展开更多
为准确获得灌区单位面积的灌溉净用水量,结合水量平衡法,以杭州市富阳区渔山畈灌区为实例,选择单季稻作为参考作物,过滤获取灌区单季稻全生育期的降水量、温度、风速等基础数据进行测算。经计算,灌区单季稻全生育期的蒸腾蒸发量为997.20...为准确获得灌区单位面积的灌溉净用水量,结合水量平衡法,以杭州市富阳区渔山畈灌区为实例,选择单季稻作为参考作物,过滤获取灌区单季稻全生育期的降水量、温度、风速等基础数据进行测算。经计算,灌区单季稻全生育期的蒸腾蒸发量为997.20 mm,有效降水量为525.57 mm,地下水补给量为0,土壤计划湿润层储水变化量为-13.74 mm,灌区灌溉净用水量为483.37 mm,667 m 2灌溉净用水量折算为322.25 m 3。展开更多
目的探讨泛素样含PHD和环指域蛋白1(Ubiquitin like PHD and ring finger domain 1,UHRF1)与肺腺癌的作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法通过生物信息方法检测UHRF1在肺腺癌中的表达。实时定量PCR及免疫蛋白印记检测UHRF1在肺腺癌细胞中的表...目的探讨泛素样含PHD和环指域蛋白1(Ubiquitin like PHD and ring finger domain 1,UHRF1)与肺腺癌的作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法通过生物信息方法检测UHRF1在肺腺癌中的表达。实时定量PCR及免疫蛋白印记检测UHRF1在肺腺癌细胞中的表达。MTT实验,Ki67染色和克隆形成方法检测正常组,阴性对照组低表达UHRF1组肺腺癌细胞系A549活性的变化。通过免疫蛋白印记的方法检测增殖相关蛋白PCNA,Rb,CDK4/6的变化,以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路中经典蛋白β-catenin以及GSK-3β的变化。结果UHRF1在肺腺癌中相对于癌旁组织表达升高(P<0.05)。在肺腺癌细胞系(A549和H1299)相对于16HBE表达上调(P<0.05)。MTT法和克隆形成实验表明敲除UHRF1能够降低A549细胞生长效率(P<0.05)。Ki-67免疫荧光染色显示沉默UHRF1后A549细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.05)。此外,沉默UHRF1导致PCNA CDK4/6表达相对于对照组明显降低,而Rb蛋白相对于对照组表达升高(P<0.05)。沉默UHRF1抑制能够使β-catenin的蛋白相对于对照组表达下调,GSK-3β的蛋白相对于对照组表达上调(均P值<0.05)。结论UHRF1基因在非小细胞肺癌尤其是肺腺癌中具有重要作用,UHRF1可能是一个潜在预防、治疗的肺腺癌的一个重要因子。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Science Center Project/Basic Science Center Project(72088101)PetroChina Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2020B-4119,2021ZG12).
文摘This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptability and application status of traditional downhole data acquisition method,cable communications and testing technology,cable-controlled downhole parameter real-time monitoring communication method and downhole wireless communication technology are introduced in detail.Problems and challenges of existing technologies in downhole monitoring and data transmission technology are pointed out.According to the production requirement,the future development direction of the downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection is proposed.For the large number of wells adopting cable measuring and adjustment technology,the key is to realize the digitalization of downhole plug.For the key monitoring wells,cable-controlled communication technology needs to be improved,and downhole monitoring and data transmission technology based on composite coiled tubing needs to be developed to make the operation more convenient and reliable.For large-scale application in oil fields,downhole wireless communication technology should be developed to realize automation of measurement and adjustment.In line with ground mobile communication network,a digital communication network covering the control center,water distribution station and oil reservoir should be built quickly to provide technical support for the digitization of reservoir development.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0196000)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2016ZX05010-006)CNPC Scientific Research and Technical Development Project(2019B-4113)
文摘This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.
文摘为准确获得灌区单位面积的灌溉净用水量,结合水量平衡法,以杭州市富阳区渔山畈灌区为实例,选择单季稻作为参考作物,过滤获取灌区单季稻全生育期的降水量、温度、风速等基础数据进行测算。经计算,灌区单季稻全生育期的蒸腾蒸发量为997.20 mm,有效降水量为525.57 mm,地下水补给量为0,土壤计划湿润层储水变化量为-13.74 mm,灌区灌溉净用水量为483.37 mm,667 m 2灌溉净用水量折算为322.25 m 3。
文摘目的探讨泛素样含PHD和环指域蛋白1(Ubiquitin like PHD and ring finger domain 1,UHRF1)与肺腺癌的作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法通过生物信息方法检测UHRF1在肺腺癌中的表达。实时定量PCR及免疫蛋白印记检测UHRF1在肺腺癌细胞中的表达。MTT实验,Ki67染色和克隆形成方法检测正常组,阴性对照组低表达UHRF1组肺腺癌细胞系A549活性的变化。通过免疫蛋白印记的方法检测增殖相关蛋白PCNA,Rb,CDK4/6的变化,以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路中经典蛋白β-catenin以及GSK-3β的变化。结果UHRF1在肺腺癌中相对于癌旁组织表达升高(P<0.05)。在肺腺癌细胞系(A549和H1299)相对于16HBE表达上调(P<0.05)。MTT法和克隆形成实验表明敲除UHRF1能够降低A549细胞生长效率(P<0.05)。Ki-67免疫荧光染色显示沉默UHRF1后A549细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.05)。此外,沉默UHRF1导致PCNA CDK4/6表达相对于对照组明显降低,而Rb蛋白相对于对照组表达升高(P<0.05)。沉默UHRF1抑制能够使β-catenin的蛋白相对于对照组表达下调,GSK-3β的蛋白相对于对照组表达上调(均P值<0.05)。结论UHRF1基因在非小细胞肺癌尤其是肺腺癌中具有重要作用,UHRF1可能是一个潜在预防、治疗的肺腺癌的一个重要因子。