Fire risk evaluation research on fully mechanized coalface based on the uncertainty measure theory

A relatively perfect coalmine fire risk-evaluating and order-arranging model that includes sixteen influential factors was established according to the statistical information of the fully mechanized coalface ground on the uncertainty measure theory. Then the single-index measure function of sixteen influential factors and the calculation method of computing the index weight ground on entropy theory were respectively established. The value assignment of sixteen influential factors was carried out by the qualitative analysis and observational data, respectively, in succession. The sequence of fire danger class of four experimental coalfaces could be obtained by the computational aids of Matlab according to the confidence level criterion. Some conclusions that the fire danger class of the No.l, No.2 and No.3 coalface belongs to high criticality can be obtained. But the fire danger class of the No.4 coalface belongs to higher criticality. The fire danger class of the No.4 coalface is more than that of the No.2 coalface. The fire danger class of the No.2 coalface is more than that of the No.1 coalface. Finally, the fire danger class of the No.1 coalface is more than that of the No.3 coalface.

Coal combustion restrained by ultra-fine water mist in confined space

In order to apply ultra-fine water mist technology on spontaneous coal combustion in the goaf of a coal mine, we built a small scale compartment with ultra-fine water mist for restraining coal combustion in a confined space and then investigated the restraining efficiency and related factors. The study obtained the following results： a descending rate of heat release, an increase in 02, the production of CO2 decreased gradually, while the production of CO increased dramatically and quickly and then decreased; ultimately it tended to become stable after the discharge of an ultra-fine water mist. The technology showed that the ultra-fine water mist can effectively reduce the heat release rate of coal and the rate to generate components. We found that the restraining effect relied on the mist flux, the discharge time and other factors. A sufficient amount of mist has a better effect compared to an insufficient amount of mist. To combat coal combustion, the greater the discharge time, the better coal flames are extinguished.

面向智能交通引导的车辆检测算法改进

设置可变车道可以提高现有道路资源的利用率,在一定程度上缓解交通拥堵问题。然而目前的可变车道多是定时或人工切换,对交通流量的引导不够及时准确。利用车辆检测自动识别各个方向车道的车流密度,可以为可变车道的智能引导提供决策依据。通用的目标检测算法对特定场景缺乏针对性,存在优化空间。对智能交通引导应用场景中的车辆检测任务进行了分析,通过充分利用结构化场景的先验信息,对两阶段目标检测框架中的候选区域生成算法进行重新设计,提出了基于车道线检测直接生成候选区域的算法,提高了车辆检测的效率和准确率。针对该场景下常出现的车辆遮挡问题,采用一种高斯加权的非极大值抑制算法有效降低车辆的漏检率。在实际的交通引导场景数据集上验证了算法的有效性。

瓦斯/煤尘爆炸初期复合火焰加速及灾害强化机制分析

为了探明瓦斯/煤尘耦合爆炸灾害强化的产生机制,采用20 L球、高速纹影和PIV对瓦斯/煤尘爆炸初期复合火焰加速特性、压力变化进行了实验研究,并对其爆炸瞬间的流场特征进行了分析。结果表明:相比甲烷/空气爆炸,同一甲烷浓度下,瓦斯/煤尘爆炸初期火焰传播速度稍有降低,焰胞状结构减少,火焰上浮现象几乎消失;马克斯坦长度随甲烷浓度的增大而减小且均为正值,表明爆炸初期复合火焰发展趋于稳定,有利于煤尘粒子参与燃烧反应。甲烷浓度接近最佳当量浓度、煤尘粒径越小或煤尘质量浓度增加接近最佳浓度时能诱发复合火焰加速,导致爆炸威力增强。低浓度瓦斯/煤尘复合体系对煤尘质量浓度的提高更敏感,而随着煤尘浓度的增大,甲烷浓度对瓦斯/煤尘复合体系的影响逐渐降低。初始爆炸强度对瓦斯/煤尘复合体系有重要影响。9%瓦斯/煤尘爆炸体系由于初始爆炸强度高,复合火焰中心负压使多数煤尘粒子做向心运动,火焰前锋周围聚集了大量煤尘粒子,同时在火焰前锋周围形成的大量方向相反的大涡量旋涡,促进了煤尘表面与氧气的快速接触,加剧了燃烧反应。研究结果将为瓦斯/煤尘耦合爆炸灾害防治提供指导。

含复合添加剂N2-双流体细水雾抑制乙醇火焰强化研究

细水雾扑灭油池火初期会出现火焰强化现象,这在一定程度上影响了细水雾灭火技术的安全性。本文研究了含复合添加剂N2-双流体细水雾对乙醇火的灭火有效性,从火焰温度、灭火时间和燃烧场流场结构特征三个方面,分析其对细水雾灭火火焰强化现象的抑制作用。实验结果表明:四种工况灭火效率从高到低分别为含KQ溶液N2-双流体细水雾>N2-双流体细水雾>含6%氟表面活性剂N2-双流体细水雾>Air-双流体细水雾;在含复合添加剂KQ溶液N2-双流体细水雾作用下,火焰强化现象几乎消失,同时表现出良好的控火效果,其原因是N2作为驱动气体则能预先稀释燃烧室内可燃气体浓度,降低火焰燃烧速率;而在氟表面活性剂与金属钾盐添加剂耦合作用下,有利于降低雾滴粒径,加快细水雾的蒸发与金属K离子的析出,从而提高了化学灭火和物理灭火作用。因此,KQ溶液N2-双流体细水雾灭火效率和控火能力大大提高。研究结果将为提高细水雾灭火技术的安全性提供指导。