This paper presents an application of an Ant Colony Optimization （ACO） algorithm to optimize the parameters in the design of a type of nonlinear PID controller. The ACO algorithm is a novel heuristic bionic algorith...This paper presents an application of an Ant Colony Optimization （ACO） algorithm to optimize the parameters in the design of a type of nonlinear PID controller. The ACO algorithm is a novel heuristic bionic algorithm, which is based on the behaviour of real ants in nature searching for food. In order to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller using ACO algorithm, an objective function based on position tracing error was constructed, and elitist strategy was adopted in the improved ACO algorithm. Detailed simulation steps are presented. This nonlinear PID controller using the ACO algorithm has high precision of control and quick response.展开更多
Although ant colony algorithm for the heuristic solution of hard combinational optimization problems enjoy a rapidly growing popularity, but little is known about its convergence properties. Based on the introduction ...Although ant colony algorithm for the heuristic solution of hard combinational optimization problems enjoy a rapidly growing popularity, but little is known about its convergence properties. Based on the introduction of the basic principle and mathematical model, a novel approach to the convergence proof that applies directly to the ant colony algorithm is proposed in this paper. Then, a MATLAB GUI- based ant colony algorithm simulation platform is developed, and the interface of this simulation platform is very friendly, easy to use and to modify.展开更多
The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of(NH4)3VS4, CuBr and NMe4Br in pyridine and its structure was determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data: C40H40Br3Cu6N8S4V, M4= 1432....The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of(NH4)3VS4, CuBr and NMe4Br in pyridine and its structure was determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data: C40H40Br3Cu6N8S4V, M4= 1432. 95,orthorhombic space group Fdd2, a= 29. 9519 (2), b=13. 4719 (2), c= 25. 8612 (4)A, V= 10435. 2 (4), Z= 8, Dc= 1.824 g/cm3, F(000)= 5616,μ(MoKa) =50.64 cm-1, the final R =0.091 and wR =0. 206 for those 3401 unique reflectionshaving . The crystal structure determination shows that the cluster consists of a tetrahedral VS4 core encapsulated by a distorted octahedral array of six copperatoms which have two different coordination geometries, trigonal and tetrahedral.展开更多
The title V-Cu-S heterometallic cluster compound C84 H86Cl4Cu6N2O4P4S6V2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a=16.381(5), b=17.114(3),c=16.749(6) A,β=107. 04(3)°,V=4490(2)A3, Mr=2128.84,Z=2,Dc...The title V-Cu-S heterometallic cluster compound C84 H86Cl4Cu6N2O4P4S6V2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a=16.381(5), b=17.114(3),c=16.749(6) A,β=107. 04(3)°,V=4490(2)A3, Mr=2128.84,Z=2,Dc=1. 57 g/cm3,μ= 19. 6 cm-1,F(000)=2160. Final R=0.074(Rw=0.082) for 2662 unique reflections with I≥3σ(I). The V atom in the compound retains the tetrahedral geometry of the VS3O with S-V-S or S-V-O angles of 108.6(6)～110.3 (6)°.The cluster core [V2Cu6S6O2] of the compound can be regarded as two cluster cores [VCu3S3O] bonded by bondings of the Cu-Cu'(distances of 2.774(3)～2.707(5) A) and Cu-S (distances of 2.463(7)～2.396(9) A) with centrosymmetric. Atoms of the cluster core V2Cu6 form a distorted cube with the Cu Cu'or the V-Cu distances of 2. 774(3)～2. 707(5) A.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an application of an Ant Colony Optimization （ACO） algorithm to optimize the parameters in the design of a type of nonlinear PID controller. The ACO algorithm is a novel heuristic bionic algorithm, which is based on the behaviour of real ants in nature searching for food. In order to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller using ACO algorithm, an objective function based on position tracing error was constructed, and elitist strategy was adopted in the improved ACO algorithm. Detailed simulation steps are presented. This nonlinear PID controller using the ACO algorithm has high precision of control and quick response.
文摘Although ant colony algorithm for the heuristic solution of hard combinational optimization problems enjoy a rapidly growing popularity, but little is known about its convergence properties. Based on the introduction of the basic principle and mathematical model, a novel approach to the convergence proof that applies directly to the ant colony algorithm is proposed in this paper. Then, a MATLAB GUI- based ant colony algorithm simulation platform is developed, and the interface of this simulation platform is very friendly, easy to use and to modify.
文摘The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of(NH4)3VS4, CuBr and NMe4Br in pyridine and its structure was determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data: C40H40Br3Cu6N8S4V, M4= 1432. 95,orthorhombic space group Fdd2, a= 29. 9519 (2), b=13. 4719 (2), c= 25. 8612 (4)A, V= 10435. 2 (4), Z= 8, Dc= 1.824 g/cm3, F(000)= 5616,μ(MoKa) =50.64 cm-1, the final R =0.091 and wR =0. 206 for those 3401 unique reflectionshaving . The crystal structure determination shows that the cluster consists of a tetrahedral VS4 core encapsulated by a distorted octahedral array of six copperatoms which have two different coordination geometries, trigonal and tetrahedral.
文摘The title V-Cu-S heterometallic cluster compound C84 H86Cl4Cu6N2O4P4S6V2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a=16.381(5), b=17.114(3),c=16.749(6) A,β=107. 04(3)°,V=4490(2)A3, Mr=2128.84,Z=2,Dc=1. 57 g/cm3,μ= 19. 6 cm-1,F(000)=2160. Final R=0.074(Rw=0.082) for 2662 unique reflections with I≥3σ(I). The V atom in the compound retains the tetrahedral geometry of the VS3O with S-V-S or S-V-O angles of 108.6(6)～110.3 (6)°.The cluster core [V2Cu6S6O2] of the compound can be regarded as two cluster cores [VCu3S3O] bonded by bondings of the Cu-Cu'(distances of 2.774(3)～2.707(5) A) and Cu-S (distances of 2.463(7)～2.396(9) A) with centrosymmetric. Atoms of the cluster core V2Cu6 form a distorted cube with the Cu Cu'or the V-Cu distances of 2. 774(3)～2. 707(5) A.
