省域国土空间生态修复规划体系构建的逻辑与实践——基于“规划—设计—治理”的视角

国土空间生态修复是推进国土空间治理的重要手段,厘清其规划体系的构建逻辑对于国土空间生态修复规划的编制实施和作用发挥至关重要。从需求层次出发,阐明国土空间生态修复规划体系构建的基本逻辑,以浙江省为例,探索建立省域国土空间生态修复规划体系构建的理论。研究表明:(1)国土空间生态修复规划在需求层面上可体现为“功能修复—韧性提升—价值实现”3个层次。(2)围绕着“整体规划—深化设计—系统治理”的逻辑,提出国土空间生态修复规划作为专项规划的体系构建逻辑。(3)基于构建逻辑,将省域国土空间生态修复规划梳理形成“编制—实施—支撑”3个体系。国土空间生态修复规划要从需求层次变化的认识入手,以维护生态安全、提升空间价值为目标,在省域范围内通过纵向传导、横向深化及全流程支撑3个维度构建规划体系,为系统化开展国土空间生态修复工作探索实施路径。

国土空间规划实施评估：概念框架与指标体系构建

开展国土空间规划实施评估工作是国土空间规划修编的重要基础保障。首先提出了国土空间规划实施评估的理论概念框架,进而总结了我国现行的市县国土空间规划实施评估方案的局限与不足,最后以"一致性与效能评价"结合"优化决策"的思路,建立了国土空间规划实施评估的指标体系,以期为各地区国土空间规划实施评估方案的修订提供切实可行的思路。

土地利用方式变化对农业土壤有机碳空间分布的影响

将地统计学和地理信息系统相结合,研究浙江省杭州市富阳区1979—2006年0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳的时间和空间变异特征。结果表明,1979—2006年富阳区土壤平均有机碳含量从17.3 g·kg^(-1)增长到18.5 g·kg^(-1)。根据半方差模型分析结果,富阳区1979年和2006年土壤有机碳的分布在空间自相关上均表现为中等强度。不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳含量依次为菜地>林地>水田>旱地>未利用地>园地。研究区内土壤有机碳发生变化的主要驱动力是土地利用方式及其相应的管理措施差异。城镇日常生活产生的生活废水与废弃物,以及工业特别是造纸产生的工业废水的处置方式,农业生产中不同种植方式下有机肥和化肥的使用情况,均对研究区土壤有机碳水平的高低和空间异质性有直接影响。研究结果可为研究区土壤有机碳管理提供科学依据。

“千万工程”视角下的全域土地综合整治内涵与机制研究——基于浙江省全域土地综合整治的实践

研究总结“千万工程”与全域土地综合整治的内涵特征,并揭示全域土地综合整治助力“千万工程”实施的机制,基于“千万工程”开展以来全域土地综合整治的成功案例,总结全域土地综合整治实施的多种模式,剖析新时期“千万工程”视角下的全域土地综合整治实施矛盾,并提出相关建议,助力新时代美丽乡村建设,促进乡村振兴、实现共同富裕。研究发现:“千万工程”与全域土地综合整治在内涵目标上具有一致性,全域土地综合整治在乡村空间资源配置、经济发展方式转变、人居环境品质提升等方面支撑“千万工程”的实施,不同条件下的全域土地综合整治已形成相应模式与经验,对未来与“千万工程”的协同实施发展,进一步全面保护与利用乡村土地资源,实现乡村振兴,推动共同富裕具有重要作用。

杭州湾围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务变化特征及阈值分析

研究目的:尝试构建长时间序列下的围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务评估方法体系,通过杭州湾围垦区实证研究,探索围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务的长期变化特征和关键阈值,为存量围垦耕地资源的可持续利用和适应性治理提供参考。研究方法:时空替代法、分段线性回归模型。研究结果:(1)根据土壤生态系统服务理论,构建基于“人类需求—服务类别—关键服务—评价指标”的围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务评价指标体系;(2)由于持续的土壤改良和农业管理措施,围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务显著高于自然滩涂土壤,并随围垦时间延长不断提高;(3)杭州湾围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务对围垦时间的响应呈现显著阈值效应,在围垦后74 a左右,土壤生态系统服务出现“急剧提高—稳定增长”突变特征。研究结论:(1)本文评价体系与方法为沿海围垦耕地评价和耕地保护研究提供了一种新的思路,也为围垦土地的农业生产管理提供有益借鉴;(2)围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务变化具有阶段性,应根据不同围垦年限对围垦耕地采取差异性的管控措施。

Application of Multi-agent Models to Urban Expansion in Medium and Small Cities: A Case Study in Fuyang City,Zhejiang Province,China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.

功能-要素-流视角下的乡村活力空间识别与评价——以中国杭州市临安区为例

Rural vitality is the life force expressed by a combination of endogenous dynamics and external influences. Exploring the complex relationship between rural functions, elements and flows could achieve sustainable rural development. This study constructed a theoretical framework guided by the four functions of production, living, ecology and culture with the support of mobile big data. Furthermore, the network centrality of villages was estimated to reflect the intensity of urban-rural social mobility ties. The results indicated marked spatial disparities in rural vitality, and the coupling of ecological-cultural vitality has a high degree of coherence. Four rural vitality grades were identified: high level(38, 14.08%), medium-high level(66, 24.44%), medium-low level(110, 40.74%) and low level(56, 20.74%), covering 270 administrative village units. The flow intensity of social linkage elements is consistent with rural vitality and the socioeconomic spillover effect of urban centers on neighboring villages was noticeable. Topographic complexity negatively affected the living function, mainly in the T1 and T2 terrain gradients;the rural ecological function was not fully correlated with urban adjacency, and proximity could lead to adverse effects such as urban sprawl and resource destruction. The application of this study is to explore the importance of “flow” by utilizing mobile big data to refine the evaluation unit to the village scale. Accelerating the construction of network coverage and information interconnection and promoting the elemental flow of people, transportation and information between urban and rural areas are important ways to enhance rural vitality.

市级国土空间专项规划“编管一体化”框架与实现路径

市级国土空间专项规划承担了统筹市域、管理市区两个层次的职责,但其编制与管理体系建设尚不完善。在分析国土空间专项规划在规划体系传导逻辑、技术体系编制标准和实施体系监管效能3个维度的转变趋势基础上,面向市级国土空间专项规划在编制与管理上的一体化需求,建构由“总—专”传导路径、“刚—弹”管控方法和“编—管”审核事权3大核心体系构成的市级国土空间专项规划“编管一体化”框架,并以绍兴市为例,结合其国土空间专项规划编制和管理中存在的主要问题,提出国土空间专项规划“编管一体化”的实现路径,以期为其他城市的国土空间专项规划编制与管理工作提供“绍兴经验”。