The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about th...The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about the dynamics of trace elements such as iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)in forest headwater streams.Here,we quantitatively identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of Fe and Al storages in plant litter and sediments and their influencing factors in a subtropical forest headwater stream,and assessed the potential pollution risk.The results showed that:(1)the mean concentrations of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 5.48 and 8.46(7.39 and 47.47)g·kg^(-1),and the mean storages of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 0.26 and 0.43(749.04 and 5030.90)g·m^(-2),respectively;(2)the storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments significantly fluctuated from January to December,and showed a decreasing pattern from the source to mouth;and(3)storages of Fe and Al had no significant correlation with riparian forest type and the present of tributary and the Fe and Al storages in plant litter were mainly affected by water temperature and water alkalinity,and their storages in sediments were mainly affected by water temperature and frequency of rainfall;and(4)there were no anthropogenic pollution in Fe and Al in the forest headwater stream.Our study revealed the primary factors of concentrations and storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments in a forest headwater stream,which will improve our understanding of the role of headwater streams in forest nutrient storage and cycling along with hydrological processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis(BRIC)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder,characterized by episodes of intense pruritus,elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin,and near-norma...BACKGROUND Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis(BRIC)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder,characterized by episodes of intense pruritus,elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin,and near-normal-glutamyl transferase.These episodes may persist for weeks to months before spontaneously resolving,with patients typically remaining asymptomatic between occurrences.Diagnosis entails the evaluation of clinical symptoms and targeted genetic testing.Although BRIC is recognized as a benign genetic disorder,the triggers,particularly psychosocial factors,remain poorly understood.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old Chinese man presented with recurrent jaundice and pruritus after a cold,which was exacerbated by self-medication involving vitamin B and paracetamol.Clinical and laboratory evaluations revealed elevated levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes,in the absence of viral or autoimmune liver disease.Imaging excluded biliary and pancreatic abnormalities,and liver biopsy demonstrated centrilobular cholestasis,culminating in a BRIC diagnosis confirmed by the identification of a novel ATP8B1 gene mutation.Psychological assessment of the patient unveiled stress attributable to academic and familial pressures,regarded as potential triggers for BRIC.Initial relief was observed with ursodeoxycholic acid and cetirizine,followed by an adjustment of the treatment regimen in response to elevated liver enzymes.The patient's condition significantly improved following a stress-related episode,thanks to a comprehensive management approach that included psychosocial support and medical treatment.CONCLUSION Our research highlights genetic and psychosocial influences on BRIC,emphasizing integrated diagnostic and management strategies.展开更多
Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropo...Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO_(2)RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO_(2)RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO_(2)RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO_(2)RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.展开更多
Background:Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation(PsAF)have a high risk of recurrence after catheter radiofre-quency ablation.Nevertheless,no effective prognostic tools have been developed to identify these high...Background:Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation(PsAF)have a high risk of recurrence after catheter radiofre-quency ablation.Nevertheless,no effective prognostic tools have been developed to identify these high-risk patients to date.This study sought to develop and validate a simple linear predictive model for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with PsAF.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2021,patients with PsAF admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this single-center,retrospective,observational study.The characteristics substantially associated with recurrence in patients with PsAF were screened through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.The receiver operating charac-teristic curve was used to assess the predictive significance of the nomogram model after nomogram development.Furthermore,to assess the clinical value of the nomogram,we performed calibration curve and decision curve analyses.Results:A total of 209 patients were included in the study,42(20.10%)of whom were monitored up to 1 year for recurrent AF.The duration of AF episodes,left atrial diameter,BMI,CKMB,and alcohol consumption were found to be independent risk factors(P<0.05)and were integrated into the nomogram model development.The area under the curve was 0.895,the sensitivity was 93.3%,and the specificity was 71.4%,thus indicating the model’s excellent predic-tive ability.The C-index of the predictive nomogram model was 0.906.Calibration curve and decision curve analyses further revealed that the model had robust prediction and strong discrimination ability.Conclusion:This simple,practical,and innovative nomogram can help clinicians in evaluation of the risk of PsAF recurrence after catheter ablation,thus facilitating preoperative evaluation,postoperative monitoring and ultimately the construction of more personalized therapeutic protocols.展开更多
As the miniaturization of electronic devices and complication of electronic packaging,there are growing demands for thermal interfacial materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and the capability to direct the hea...As the miniaturization of electronic devices and complication of electronic packaging,there are growing demands for thermal interfacial materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and the capability to direct the heat toward heat sink for highly efficient heat dissipation.Pitch-based carbon fiber(CF)with ultrahigh axial thermal conductivity and aspect ratios exhibits great potential for developing thermally conductive composites as TIMs.However,it is still hard to fabricate composites with aligned carbon fiber in a general approach to fully utilize its excellent axial thermal conductivity in specific direction.Here,three types of CF scaffolds with different oriented structure were developed via magnetic field-assisted Tetris-style stacking and carbonization process.By regulating the magnetic field direction and initial stacking density,the self-supporting CF scaffolds with horizontally aligned(HCS),diagonally aligned and vertically aligned(VCS)fibers were constructed.After embedding the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),the three composites exhibited unique heat transfer properties,and the HCS/PDMS and VCS/PDMS composites presented a high thermal conductivity of 42.18 and 45.01 W m^(−1)K^(−1)in fiber alignment direction,respectively,which were about 209 and 224 times higher than that of PDMS.The excellent thermal conductivity is mainly ascribed that the oriented CF scaffolds construct effective phonon transport pathway in the matrix.In addition,fishbone-shaped CF scaffold was also produced by multiple stacking and carbonization process,and the prepared composites exhibited a controlled heat transfer path,which can allow more versatility in the design of thermal management system.展开更多
Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast an...Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge.Here,inspired by the battery electrodes,we propose a scalable mechanic-assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid(SJF)to conquer the above challenge.Similar to the electrode slurry,the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material(≥20 wt%of active carbon,for instance)uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution.Due to the sticky and solidrich nature of the SJF,one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt%gain per coating.The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed.Furthermore,the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high-performance shape-customizable toxic gas remover,which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances,including static adsorption,flow-based filtration,and source interception.Finally,the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment.This study may inspire new scalable way for fast,heavy,and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271633)founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201342)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01642)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171641)。
文摘The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about the dynamics of trace elements such as iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)in forest headwater streams.Here,we quantitatively identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of Fe and Al storages in plant litter and sediments and their influencing factors in a subtropical forest headwater stream,and assessed the potential pollution risk.The results showed that:(1)the mean concentrations of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 5.48 and 8.46(7.39 and 47.47)g·kg^(-1),and the mean storages of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 0.26 and 0.43(749.04 and 5030.90)g·m^(-2),respectively;(2)the storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments significantly fluctuated from January to December,and showed a decreasing pattern from the source to mouth;and(3)storages of Fe and Al had no significant correlation with riparian forest type and the present of tributary and the Fe and Al storages in plant litter were mainly affected by water temperature and water alkalinity,and their storages in sediments were mainly affected by water temperature and frequency of rainfall;and(4)there were no anthropogenic pollution in Fe and Al in the forest headwater stream.Our study revealed the primary factors of concentrations and storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments in a forest headwater stream,which will improve our understanding of the role of headwater streams in forest nutrient storage and cycling along with hydrological processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis(BRIC)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder,characterized by episodes of intense pruritus,elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin,and near-normal-glutamyl transferase.These episodes may persist for weeks to months before spontaneously resolving,with patients typically remaining asymptomatic between occurrences.Diagnosis entails the evaluation of clinical symptoms and targeted genetic testing.Although BRIC is recognized as a benign genetic disorder,the triggers,particularly psychosocial factors,remain poorly understood.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old Chinese man presented with recurrent jaundice and pruritus after a cold,which was exacerbated by self-medication involving vitamin B and paracetamol.Clinical and laboratory evaluations revealed elevated levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes,in the absence of viral or autoimmune liver disease.Imaging excluded biliary and pancreatic abnormalities,and liver biopsy demonstrated centrilobular cholestasis,culminating in a BRIC diagnosis confirmed by the identification of a novel ATP8B1 gene mutation.Psychological assessment of the patient unveiled stress attributable to academic and familial pressures,regarded as potential triggers for BRIC.Initial relief was observed with ursodeoxycholic acid and cetirizine,followed by an adjustment of the treatment regimen in response to elevated liver enzymes.The patient's condition significantly improved following a stress-related episode,thanks to a comprehensive management approach that included psychosocial support and medical treatment.CONCLUSION Our research highlights genetic and psychosocial influences on BRIC,emphasizing integrated diagnostic and management strategies.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4102000)NSFC(22102018 and 52171201)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC0194)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03017)the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(KF2021005)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(A1098531023601264)Q.J.acknowledges the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2022M710601)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(Y030212059003039).
文摘Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO_(2)RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO_(2)RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO_(2)RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO_(2)RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221229)Changzhou Science and Technology Support Program(Social Development,CE20225051)Changzhou Sci&Tech Program(grant No.CJ20210059).
文摘Background:Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation(PsAF)have a high risk of recurrence after catheter radiofre-quency ablation.Nevertheless,no effective prognostic tools have been developed to identify these high-risk patients to date.This study sought to develop and validate a simple linear predictive model for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with PsAF.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2021,patients with PsAF admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this single-center,retrospective,observational study.The characteristics substantially associated with recurrence in patients with PsAF were screened through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.The receiver operating charac-teristic curve was used to assess the predictive significance of the nomogram model after nomogram development.Furthermore,to assess the clinical value of the nomogram,we performed calibration curve and decision curve analyses.Results:A total of 209 patients were included in the study,42(20.10%)of whom were monitored up to 1 year for recurrent AF.The duration of AF episodes,left atrial diameter,BMI,CKMB,and alcohol consumption were found to be independent risk factors(P<0.05)and were integrated into the nomogram model development.The area under the curve was 0.895,the sensitivity was 93.3%,and the specificity was 71.4%,thus indicating the model’s excellent predic-tive ability.The C-index of the predictive nomogram model was 0.906.Calibration curve and decision curve analyses further revealed that the model had robust prediction and strong discrimination ability.Conclusion:This simple,practical,and innovative nomogram can help clinicians in evaluation of the risk of PsAF recurrence after catheter ablation,thus facilitating preoperative evaluation,postoperative monitoring and ultimately the construction of more personalized therapeutic protocols.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFH0090)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘As the miniaturization of electronic devices and complication of electronic packaging,there are growing demands for thermal interfacial materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and the capability to direct the heat toward heat sink for highly efficient heat dissipation.Pitch-based carbon fiber(CF)with ultrahigh axial thermal conductivity and aspect ratios exhibits great potential for developing thermally conductive composites as TIMs.However,it is still hard to fabricate composites with aligned carbon fiber in a general approach to fully utilize its excellent axial thermal conductivity in specific direction.Here,three types of CF scaffolds with different oriented structure were developed via magnetic field-assisted Tetris-style stacking and carbonization process.By regulating the magnetic field direction and initial stacking density,the self-supporting CF scaffolds with horizontally aligned(HCS),diagonally aligned and vertically aligned(VCS)fibers were constructed.After embedding the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),the three composites exhibited unique heat transfer properties,and the HCS/PDMS and VCS/PDMS composites presented a high thermal conductivity of 42.18 and 45.01 W m^(−1)K^(−1)in fiber alignment direction,respectively,which were about 209 and 224 times higher than that of PDMS.The excellent thermal conductivity is mainly ascribed that the oriented CF scaffolds construct effective phonon transport pathway in the matrix.In addition,fishbone-shaped CF scaffold was also produced by multiple stacking and carbonization process,and the prepared composites exhibited a controlled heat transfer path,which can allow more versatility in the design of thermal management system.
基金sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC grants 51873126,51422305,and 51721091).
文摘Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge.Here,inspired by the battery electrodes,we propose a scalable mechanic-assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid(SJF)to conquer the above challenge.Similar to the electrode slurry,the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material(≥20 wt%of active carbon,for instance)uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution.Due to the sticky and solidrich nature of the SJF,one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt%gain per coating.The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed.Furthermore,the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high-performance shape-customizable toxic gas remover,which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances,including static adsorption,flow-based filtration,and source interception.Finally,the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment.This study may inspire new scalable way for fast,heavy,and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.
