川东北二叠系长兴组碳酸盐岩云化成储机制

四川盆地是我国重要的含油气盆地,其中川东北二叠系长兴组碳酸盐岩是重要的产气地层。近年来发现的普光、龙岗、元坝等天然气田是重要的西气东输基地,对国家油气战略安全具有重要贡献作用。通过野外露头样品及钻井岩心分析,对川东北二叠系长兴组碳酸盐岩云化成储机制及主控因素进行了系统梳理。研究结果表明:①川东北二叠系长兴组气藏主要是一种白云岩气藏,生物礁灰岩储集能力较差与沥青充填有关,为气源层。野外露头考察发现礁盖白云岩具有更优的储集性能,但普光长兴组顶部的白云岩为一种非礁盖白云岩,揭示了长兴顶部的纯白云岩本身就是含气储层,与生物礁关系不大。②川东北长兴组白云岩储层的储集空间包括溶洞、晶间孔、晶内溶孔和晶间缝,为成岩过程中彻底云化而成。③川东北长兴组白云岩化存在5种成因机理:暴露淡水淋滤与蒸发泵流作用、渗透回流或盐水回流台地交代作用、埋藏成岩白云岩化、热液白云岩化、风化交代白云岩化,以前两种为主。表生和早期成岩的白云岩受沉积微相控制,不同区域具有不同的成因模式。川东北生物礁常常发生白云岩化作用,尤其是生物礁顶部,白云岩化后储集性能得到较大改善。④研究区长兴组中上部白云岩气藏的发现具有重要的理论意义和工业价值,尤其是长兴组顶部的白云岩自身具有良好的天然气储集能力,在封盖条件较好的广大区域均可形成工业气藏,川东北开江—梁平海槽台缘外(包括平昌海槽)长兴组也存在发育工业大气田的潜力。

Detrital K-feldspar^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Ages:Source Constraints of the Lower Miocene Sandstones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

The South China Sea began to outspread in the Oligocene. A great quantity of terraneous detritus was deposited in the northern continental shelf of the sea, mostly in Pearl River Mouth Basin, which constituted the main paleo-Pearl River Delta. The delta developed for a long geological time and formed a superimposed area. Almost all the oil and gas fields of detrital rock reservoir distribute in this delta. Thirty-three oil sandstone core samples in the Zhujiang Formation, lower Miocene （23-16 Ma）, were collected from nine wells. The illite samples with detrital K feldspar （Kfs） separated from these sandstone cores in four sub-structural belts were analysed by the high-precision 40Ar/39Ar laser stepwise heating technique. All 33 illite 40Ar/39Ar data consistently yielded gradually rising age spectra at the low-temperature steps until reaching age plateaus at mid-high temperature steps. The youngest ages corresponding to the beginning steps were interpreted as the hydrocarbon accumulation ages and the plateau ages in mid-high temperature steps as the contributions of the detrital feldspar representing the ages of the granitic parent rocks in the provenances. The ages of the detrital feldspar from the Zhujiang Formation in the four sub-structural belts were different： （1） the late Cretaceous ages in the Lufeng 13 fault structural belt; （2） the late Cretaceous and early Cretaceous-Jurassic ages in the Huizhou 21 buried hill-fault belt; （3） the Jurassic and Triassic ages in the Xijiang 24 buried hill-fault belt; and （4） the early Cretaceous - late Jurassic ages in the Panyu 4 oil area. These detrital feldspar 4~Ar/39Ar ages become younger and younger from west to east, corresponding to the age distribution of the granites in the adjacent Guangdong Province, Southern China.

CO_2 gas emplacement age in the Songliao Basin: Insight from volcanic quartz ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar stepwise crushing

Due to a lack of suitable minerals, the gas/oil emplacement ages have never been accurately obtained before. CH4-CO2-saline- bearing secondary inclusions are found in quartz from the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation, the container rocks of the deep CO2 gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin. The inclusion fluid was trapped into microcracks in quartz during the gas em- placement and accumulation, providing an optimal target for the 40Ar-39Ar stepwise crushing technique to determine the CO2 gas emplacement age. 40Ar-39Ar dating results of a quartz sample by stepwise crushing yield a highly linear-regression isochron with an age of 78.4±1.3 Ma, indicating that the accumulation of the deep CO2 gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin occurred in the late Cretaceous. This is the first time to report an exact isotopic age for a CO2 gas reservoir, which indicates that the 40Ar-39Ar dating can serve as a new technique to date the oil/gas emplacement ages.

^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology constraints on hydrocarbon accumulation and destruction periods in the Bankeng paleo-reservoir in the southern margin of the middle Yangtze block

The exact determination of isotopic ages of hydrocarbon accumulation,reconstruction and destruction periods using traditional isotopic dating methods is complex because of the small numbers of minerals that correlate with hydrocarbons.The quantitative and direct study of hydrocarbon geochronology is therefore an important scientific problem for isotope geochronology and petroleum geology.This study obtains two isotopic ages from a quartz vein sample associated with bitumen in a reverse fault located in the Bankeng paleo-reservoir on the southern margin of the middle Yangtze block (the northern margin of the JiangnanXuefeng uplift) by inclusion 40Ar/39Ar stepwise crushing in a vacuum.Two different and good linear inverse isochrons that correspond to two age plateaus were determined.The two ages correspond to primary inclusions of about 228 Ma and secondary inclusions of about 149 Ma.These inclusion groups represent two distinct kinds of fluids.Quartz veins associated with bitumen in faulted paleo-reservoirs,which have a strict response relationship with tectonization and hydrocarbon accumulation,are the unified products of tectonic processes,hydrocarbon accumulation and reconstruction.Therefore,they can be used to constrain the hydrocarbon accumulation,reconstruction and destruction periods that are controlled by multiphase and complicated tectonic actions.The evolutionary processes of hydrocarbon accumulation can be divided into two periods consisting of a primary oil and gas reservoir formation period in the late Indosinian epoch (about 228 Ma) and a period of oil and gas reservoir reconstruction in the early Yanshan epoch (about 149 Ma).This study quantitatively reconstructs the hydrocarbon accumulation and destruction chronological framework of a giant hydrocarbon accumulation belt along the southern margin of the middle Yangtze block (the northern margin of the Jiangnan-Xuefeng uplift) controlled by multiphase and complicated tectonism.The two ages associated with hydrocarbons here correspond to the special controlling actions of continental tectonics in the Jiangnan-Xuefeng uplift that affected the timeline of reconstruction and destruction in this giant marine hydrocarbon accumulation.This study shows the feasibility and usefulness of dating inclusions with the 40Ar/39Ar technique for hydrocarbon geochronology,especially in the marine hydrocarbon accumulation region of southern China within a geological setting of old strata,high thermal evolution hydrocarbons,and complex,multiphase and multicycle tectonization.

A novel purification technique for noble gas isotope analyses of authigenic minerals

Noble and active gases are released from geological samples during gas extraction for noble gas isotope analyses. The active gases should be removed before inletting to mass spectrometers for the analyses. The normal noble gas preparation systems can clean up most geological samples. However, authigenic minerals from sedimentary rocks in oil/gas fields contain organic matter, which cannot be cleaned up by the normal preparation systems and thus influence the noble gas analyses. We introduce a novel gas purification system （PRC patent No. ZL201320117751.2）, which includes several reversible purification pumps with different absorbing and degassing temperatures. It can well clean up water steam, carbon dioxide and organic gas- es. Mica minerals are often used for 40Ar/39Ar dating. A muscovite sample （2082MS） which could not be cleaned up by the normal preparation system with two SAES NP10 getters, becomes the test sample for a comparative experiment in this study. The experiment is assigned into 4 sections with the organic gas removal system （OGRS） ＂Closed/Opened＂ in turn. When the OGRS is closed only with two NP10 getters for purification, the 40At intensities increase in curves with inlet time because of impurities, the 40Ar/39Ar dating results yield age errors about ＋2%-±1% （20-）. When the OGRS is opened for purification, in contrast, the 40Ar intensities decrease linearly with inlet time. This indicates that the gases have been cleaned up effectively, and the 40Ar/39Ar results yield ages with errors in ±0.4%. The OGRS is very helpful to obtain high-quality analysis data.