Experimental Investigation of Lee–Yang Criticality Using Non-Hermitian Quantum System

Lee–Yang theory clearly demonstrates where the phase transition of many-body systems occurs and the asymptotic behavior near the phase transition using the partition function under complex parameters. The complex parameters make the direct investigation of Lee–Yang theory in practical systems challenging. Here we construct a non-Hermitian quantum system that can correspond to the one-dimensional Ising model with imaginary parameters through the equality of partition functions. By adjusting the non-Hermitian parameter,we successfully obtain the partition function under different imaginary magnetic fields and observe the Lee–Yang zeros. We also observe the critical behavior of free energy in vicinity of Lee–Yang zero that is consistent with theoretical prediction. Our work provides a protocol to study Lee–Yang zeros of the one-dimensional Ising model using a single-qubit non-Hermitian system.

Analysis on the Spinning Process and Properties of Tencel Yarn

Tencel fiber, as a new type of green environmental protection fiber, is drawing attention from the society and people’s favorite. In paper, the spinning process and properties of tencel yarn were studied. Also traditional cotton yarn was tested and compared to understand tencel better as they are now both widely used in apparel. Compared with cotton yarn of the same count, the weight CV of tencel quality is lower, while the twist CV is higher;breaking elongation of tencel yarn is larger, while CV of breaking elongation of tencel yarn is slightly higher;unevenness of tencel spinning yarn is lower.

广告景别呈现方式会影响广告态度吗——基于整体优先原则的实证研究

随着数字经济时代的到来,企业间竞争愈发激烈,广告成为了企业争夺和占有市场的重要手段。如何有效地利用有限的广告位资源,成为了企业不容忽视的关键问题。本研究基于整体优先原则,从信息加工流畅性视角出发,探究了广告景别呈现方式对广告态度的影响。研究结果表明,相较于近景系列广告,全景系列广告会使消费者的广告态度更积极,信息加工流畅性在该影响过程中起中介作用。消费者思维模式调节了广告景别呈现方式对信息加工流畅性和广告态度的影响,当消费者处于整体(局部)加工思维模式下,相较于近景(全景)系列广告,全景(近景)系列广告使消费者信息加工更加流畅,广告态度更积极。本研究丰富了视觉线索在营销领域中的应用,研究结论对于企业制定和选择广告策略具有一定的实践意义。

Toward a Learnable Climate Model in the Artificial Intelligence Era

Artificial intelligence(AI)models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences,reshaping our approach to climate-related challenges.Amid this AI-driven transformation,the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been overlooked.Our perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics,rather than an“either/or”scenario.Scrutinizing controversies around current physical inconsistencies in large AI models,we stress the critical need for detailed dynamic diagnostics and physical constraints.Furthermore,we provide illustrative examples to guide future assessments and constraints for AI models.Regarding AI integration with numerical models,we argue that offline AI parameterization schemes may fall short of achieving global optimality,emphasizing the importance of constructing online schemes.Additionally,we highlight the significance of fostering a community culture and propose the OCR(Open,Comparable,Reproducible)principles.Through a better community culture and a deep integration of physics and AI,we contend that developing a learnable climate model,balancing AI and physics,is an achievable goal.

Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks:Climatology,Interannual Variability,and Extremes

Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated impacts.However,these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future projections.Addressing these challenges requires addressing internal variability,hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations,and thwarting conventional supervised learning methods.Here,we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN),to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature(SST)simulations from the Community Earth System Model 2(CESM2).Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode,as well as SST extremes.Notably,it substantially corrects climatological SST biases,decreasing the globally averaged Root-Mean-Square Error(RMSE)by 58%.Intriguingly,the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies,a common issue in climate models that traditional methods,like quantile mapping,struggle to rectify.Additionally,it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes,raising the pattern correlation coefficient(PCC)from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to 0.32.This enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual,intraseasonal,and synoptic scales variabilities.Our study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.

Morphology and valence state evolution of Cu:Unraveling the impact on nitric oxide electroreduction

Ammonia(NH3)serves as a critical component in the fertilizer industry and fume gas denitrification.However,the conventional NH3production process,namely the Haber-Bosch process,leads to considerable energy consumption and waste gas emissions.To address this,electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction reaction(NORR)has emerged as a promising strategy to bridge NH3consumption to NH3production,harnessing renewable electricity for a sustainable future.Copper(Cu)stands out as a prominent electrocatalyst for NO reduction,given its exceptional NH3yield and selectivity.However,a crucial aspect that remains insufficiently explored is the effects of morphology and valence states of Cu on the NORR performance.In this investigation,we synthesized CuO nanowires(CuO-NF)and Cu nanocubes(Cu-NF)as cathodes through an in situ growth method.Remarkably,CuO-NF exhibited an impressive NH3yield of 0.50±0.02 mg cm^(-2)h^(-1)at-0.6 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)with faradaic efficiency of29,68%±1,35%,surpassing that of Cu-NF(0.17±0.01 mg cm^(-2)h^(-1),16.18%±1.40%).Throughout the electroreduction process,secondary cubes were generated on the CuO-NF surface,preserving their nanosheet cluster morphology,sustained by an abundant supply of subsurface oxygen(s-O)even after an extended duration of 10 h,until s-O depletion ensued.Conversely,Cu-NF exhibited inadequate s-O content,leading to rapid crystal collapse within the same timeframe.The distinctive current-potential relationship,akin to a volcano-type curve,was attributed to distinct NO hydrogenation mechanisms.Further Tafel analysis revealed the exchange current density(i0)and standard heterogeneous rate constant(k0)for CuO-NF,yielding 3.44×10^(-6)A cm^(-2)and 3.77×10^(-6)cm^(-2)s^(-1)when NORR was driven by overpotentials.These findings revealed the potential of CuO-NF for NO reduction and provided insights into the intricate interplay between crystal morphology,valence states,and electrochemical performance.

Highly Thermally Conductive and Structurally Ultra‑Stable Graphitic Films with Seamless Heterointerfaces for Extreme Thermal Management

Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety.Here,we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks(LNS),which reveals a bubbling process characterized by“permeation-diffusion-deformation”phenomenon.To overcome this long-standing structural weakness,a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film(GF@Cu)with seamless heterointerface.This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K.Moreover,GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m^(−1)K^(−1)with degradation of less than 5%even after 150 LNS cycles,superior to that of pure GF(50%degradation).Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

信息化发展对就业的双重影响:实证分析与机制检验

在当前“数字中国”战略和“就业优先”战略背景下,以信息化为抓手优化劳动力资源配置已被学研界和政策部门寄予厚望。信息化发展带来了多元的就业岗位和工作方式的同时,给我国劳动力市场也带来了双重影响,包含负向的替代效应与正向的创造效应。本文利用2010—2020年中国省际面板数据,构建地区信息化发展指数,并实证检验了信息化发展对就业总量及结构的效应与作用机制,以及空间溢出效应和区域异质性。结果发现:(1)信息化发展有助于增加就业,且存在正向空间溢出效应。(2)信息化发展对就业结构存在偏向性,在替代与创造双重效应作用下,信息化发展带来了高技能劳动力就业的增加与低技能劳动力就业的减少。(3)信息化发展通过提升产出效率(深化效应)与扩大生产规模(广化效应)强化了对劳动力需求总量的促进作用,强化了对劳动力需求高技能-低技能结构的极化趋势。此外,信息化发展对于不同行业、不同特征地区存在异质性。以上研究结论可在政策层面以信息化发展为新引擎平衡中国劳动供需提供针对性理论与实践参考。

0.05 T MRI for whole body

Recently,a study on a 0.05 T,low-cost,low-power,and computing-driven shielding-free ultra-low-field(ULF)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scannerwas published.This work enhances the image quality of MRI and reduces the scanning time based on deep learning methods,which is of great significance to enhancing the popularization and availability of MRI[1](https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adm7168).

Micro-power negative pressure wound technique reduces risk of incision infection following loop ileostomy closure

BACKGROUND Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal cancer.Incisional surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complication after ileostomy closure.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the micro-power negative pressure wound technique(MPNPWT)in preventing incisional SSI.METHODS This was a prospective,randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center.A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery with a prophylactic ileostomy were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021.Patients were randomly allocated into an MPNPWT group and a control group.The MPNPWT group underwent intermittent suturing of the surgical incision with 2-0 Prolene and was covered with a micro-power negative pressure dressing.The surgical outcomes were compared between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control(n=51)groups.Risk factors for incisional SSI were identified using logistic regression.RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control groups(n=51).The incisional SSI rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the MPNPWT group(15.7%vs 2.0%,P=0.031).However,MPNPWT did not affect other surgical outcomes,including intra-abdominal complications,operative time,and blood loss.Postoperative hospital stay length and hospitalization costs did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.069 and 0.843,respectively).None of the patients experienced adverse effects of MPNPWT,including skin allergy,dermatitis,and pain.MPNPWT also helped heal the infected incision.Our study indicated that MPNPWT was an independent protective factor[odds ratio(OR)=0.005,P=0.025)]and diabetes was a risk factor(OR=26.575,P=0.029)for incisional SSI.CONCLUSION MPNPWT is an effective and safe way to prevent incisional SSI after loop ileostomy closure.

PPP项目失败的组态研究——基于30个案例的清晰集定性比较分析

相较于计划经济时期的“命令-控制”模式和转型时期的“委托-代理”模式,以PPP为代表的公私部门合作“契约模式”是新时代一种新型的公共治理模式,然而由于存在不同层次、不同角度的问题,PPP项目在实施过程中容易出现“1+1<2”的失败情况。论文以30个典型PPP项目失败案例为研究对象,采用定性比较分析方法对PPP项目失败的类型及其前因条件的交互作用进行实证检验,结果显示PPP项目失败存在七类主要组态模式,并且各个组态构型呈现出非均匀分布,特别是由于我国是一个发展中国家,PPP失败中的政策法律层面的制度试错风险较高。论文丰富发展了PPP项目的相关理论,并对如何应对PPP项目失败提出了相应的建议和措施。

多层楼房式猪舍自动化通风与臭气净化系统的设计与应用

楼房式猪舍因其节约土地、方便管理等突出优点,在越来越多的地方被采用。由于楼房式养殖的饲养密度更大,所以其通风设计与舍外场区环境控制显得尤为重要。文章针对大跨度小单元楼房式猪舍,设计了一种通风与臭气净化相结合的新型通风工艺。夏季采用湿帘-定速风机模式通风降温,保证高效率通风降温;冬季采用檐下通风小窗-吊顶通风窗-变频风机模式,变频风机转速随着氨气浓度上升而相应加大,这种方式可以保证通风效果的同时确保最大程度减少舍内热量损失。在出风端,增加臭气净化处理工艺,利用添加生物菌剂的水循环过滤墙将猪舍排出的臭气通过水洗过滤,降低排出气体中的臭味物质浓度,改善养殖场区空气环境。整套工艺采用智能化控制,实现对系统的精准控制,同时节能降耗,提高养殖场的总体效益。

Treatment of Popliteal Cyst through Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation under Ultrasound Guidance

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy and security of the treatment of popliteal cyst through radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) under ultrasound guidance. Methods: The clinical data of 35 patients with popliteal cyst, who were treated by RFT under ultrasound guidance from June 2019 to June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. The Visual Analogue Scores (VAS) and the size of cyst before and after treatment were recorded at the first month, the third month, the sixth month. After six months, the recovery rate of Rauschning and Lindgren classification (R-L classification) level 0, 0 - I were counted. All the complications of the patients were observed. Results: 32 patients were followed up for six months. The scores and cyst sizes of each patient before and after the treatment were on a normal distribution curve. There was no significant difference in VAS scores before and after the treatment (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in cyst sizes before and after the treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in VAS scores and cyst sizes in each period after treatment (P > 0.05). According to the R-L classification in 6 months after treatment: the recovery rate of class 0 was 62.5% and class 0 - I level was 87.5%. There were no serious complications in the process. Conclusion: Treatment of popliteal cyst through RFT under ultrasound guidance is a simple, easy, reliable method that is worthy of clinical promotion.

“幼有所育”中政府普惠性投入的必然性——来自六省县级面板数据的历史证据

为了探讨政府投入对学前教育供给特别是公办园供给的影响,本研究基于可得的2002~2006年山东、浙江、河南、湖南、贵州及甘肃6省370个县级历史面板数据进行实证分析,结果显示学前教育政府分担比例与公办园的在园幼儿规模增长率之间存在一种'右凸模型'现象:公办园的政府分担比例对公办园的在园幼儿规模增长率有负向影响,在其他影响因素相同的情况下,政府分担比例越大,对公办园在园幼儿规模增长率的负效应越大。由于政府与公办园是'圈内人'的关系,政府对公办园的投入是一种社会性交换,所以政府会优先投入公办园。与此同时,进入公办园的多是包括政府公务员在内的社会经济地位较高家庭的幼儿,这也使得公办园更可能追求以'示范园'为目标的高质量,而非扩大在园幼儿规模。在当前要求大力发展普惠性学前教育的政策导向下,地方政府不能再走鼓励和支持公办园建设与发展'示范园'的老路。不仅中央政府应着力引导学前教育普惠性投入方向,而且地方政府应增加公办园的城乡覆盖范围,逐步将公办园学位数供给纳入政府考核评价体系,并尝试创新学前教育投入机制,促进我国学前教育普惠、安全、优质发展。

新型多层楼房式猪舍智能化机械清粪系统的设计

近年来,由于规模养殖业用地越来越紧张,多层楼房式猪舍逐渐被众多业主所接受。与多层楼房养猪相适应的清粪、环控、喂料等配套工艺技术是这一模式成功应用的关键。文章针对四层楼房式猪舍设计了一种楼房式猪舍自动化刮板清粪工艺,在大跨度小单元全进全出式猪舍,舍内一层每单元采用一拖二刮板清粪机将粪便从湿帘端刮入风机端主粪沟;二、三、四层采用刮粪机刮粪、收集粪便通过落粪管落入一层主粪沟;舍外主粪沟采用一拖一刮粪机清粪。整套工艺采用自动化智能化控制,该系统能够大幅度提高清粪效率,减少人工,节约用水,有效改善猪舍内环境,提高舍内猪群的健康水平,从而提高养殖场的总体效益。

Gasdermin D-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis expands inflammatory responses that aggravate acute liver failure by upregulating monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CC chemokine receptor-2 to recruit macrophages

BACKGROUND Massive hepatocyte death is the core event in acute liver failure(ALF).Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is a type of highly inflammatory cell death.However,the role of hepatocyte pyroptosis and its mechanisms of expanding inflammatory responses in ALF are unclear.AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.METHODS The expression of pyroptosis pathway-associated proteins in liver tissues from ALF patients and a hepatocyte injury model was examined by Western blot.GSDMD short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was used to investigate the effects of downregulation of GSDMD on monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP1)and its receptor CC chemokine receptor-2(CCR2)in vitro.For in vivo experiments,we used GSDMD knockout mice to investigate the role and mechanism of GSDMD in a D-galactose/lipopolysaccharide(D-Galn/LPS)-induced ALF mouse model.RESULTS The levels of pyroptosis pathway-associated proteins in liver tissue from ALF patients and a hepatocyte injury model increased significantly.The level of GSDMD-N protein increased most obviously(P<0.001).In vitro,downregulation of GSDMD by shRNA decreased the cell inhibition rate and the levels of MCP1/CCR2 proteins(P<0.01).In vivo,GSDMD knockout dramatically eliminated inflammatory damage in the liver and improved the survival of DGaln/LPS-induced ALF mice(P<0.001).Unlike the mechanism of immune cell pyroptosis that involves releasing interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18,GSDMDmediated hepatocyte pyroptosis recruited macrophages via MCP1/CCR2 to aggravate hepatocyte death.However,this pathological process was inhibited after knocking down GSDMD.CONCLUSION GSDMD-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALF,recruiting macrophages to release inflammatory mediators by upregulating MCP1/CCR2 and leading to expansion of the inflammatory responses.GSDMD knockout can reduce hepatocyte death and inflammatory responses,thus alleviating ALF.

新建与复养规模化猪场中生物安全工艺设计与改造

生物安全是猪场生产管理的关键,也是猪场搞好生产的基本保障。猪场生物安全贯穿于生产管理的各个环节,包括人员、物资、猪只、饲料、粪污等流转运输等。近两年的非洲猪瘟疫情使得很多生物安全设施和管理不健全的养殖场遭受灭顶之灾。为协助众多在疫情中遭受打击的规模养殖企业恢复生产,文章从更严格的生物安全角度出发,在传统猪场工艺设计的基础上,对猪场功能区设置、人员物料流线规划、进出场洗消设施配置等提出了一套较为完整的工艺技术方案,供养猪从业者在新建和改造猪场复养过程中参考。

DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Adaptive Filtering in Spatial Domain

In this paper, a novel DOA estimation methodology based upon the technology of adaptive nulling antenna is proposed. Initially, the nulling antenna obtains the weight vector by LMS algorithm and power inversion criterion.Afterwards, reciprocal of the antenna pattern is defined as the spatial spectrum and the extracted peak values are corresponded to the estimated DOA. Through observation of the spectrum and data analysis of variable steps and SNRs, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate DOA above board. Furthermore, the estimation error of the proposed technique is directly proportional to step size and is inversely proportional to SNR. Unlike the existing MUSIC algorithm, the proposed algorithm has less computational complexity as it eliminates the need of estimating the number of signals and the eigenvalue decomposition of covariance matrix. Also it outperforms MUSIC algorithm, the recently proposed MUSIC-Like algorithm and classical methods by achieving better resolution with narrow width of peaks.

Grapevine VlbZIP30 improves drought resistance by directly activating VvNAC17 and promoting lignin biosynthesis through the regulation of three peroxidase genes

Drought stress severely affects grapevine quality and yield,and recent reports have revealed that lignin plays an important role in protection from drought stress.Since little is known about lignin-mediated drought resistance in grapevine,we investigated its significance.Herein,we show that VlbZIP30 mediates drought resistance by activating the expression of lignin biosynthetic genes and increasing lignin deposition.Transgenic grapevine plants overexpressing VlbZIP30 exhibited lignin deposition(mainly G and S monomers)in the stem secondary xylem under control conditions,which resulted from the upregulated expression of VvPRX4 and VvPRX72.Overexpression of VlbZIP30 improves drought tolerance,characterized by a reduction in the water loss rate,maintenance of an effective photosynthesis rate,and increased lignin content(mainly G monomer)in leaves under drought conditions.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay,luciferase reporter assays,and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR assays indicated that VlbZIP30 directly binds to the G-box cis-element in the promoters of lignin biosynthetic(VvPRX N1)and drought-responsive(VvNAC17)genes to regulate their expression.In summary,we report a novel VlbZIP30-mediated mechanism linking lignification and drought tolerance in grapevine.The results of this study may be of value for the development of molecular breeding strategies to produce drought-resistant fruit crops.