This paper studies a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system with multiple external eavesdroppers and internal curious users.We model the random network by Poisson cluster process in consideration ...This paper studies a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system with multiple external eavesdroppers and internal curious users.We model the random network by Poisson cluster process in consideration of the case where eavesdroppers hide around certain targets.Focusing on the users that work in harvesting-transmitting mode with time switching receivers,we establish communication model via time division multiple access.On this basis,we propose a lightweight secure transmission scheme based on dual-thresholds for physical-layer security enhancement,which consists of two protocols applied to the downlink(DL) and uplink(UL) transmission respectively.In the DL,we design a dynamic information-power switching transmission protocol based on signal-to-noise ratio threshold,which provides an opportunistic approach to reform the fixed period allocation of information and power transfer;in the UL,an energy threshold is proposed for users to control the transmission,which is called a user-led on-off transmission protocol.Furthermore,we give a comprehensive performance analysis for the proposed scheme in terms of delay,reliability,security and secrecy throughput.Based on the analysis results,we optimize the two thresholds and the DL-UL allocationcoefficient to maximize the secrecy throughput.Simulation results show the proposed scheme can bring about a substantial secrecy gain.展开更多
Efficient functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is very important for most cellular activities, such as protein folding and modification. The ER closely interacts with other organelles, including the Golgi body...Efficient functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is very important for most cellular activities, such as protein folding and modification. The ER closely interacts with other organelles, including the Golgi body, endosome, membrane, and mitochondria, providing lipids and proteins for the repair of these organelles. ER stress can be induced by various abnormal materials in the cell. ER stress is a compensatory intracellular environment disorder that occurs during areaction. ER can sense the stress and respond to it through translational attenuation, upregulation of the genes for ER chaperones and related proteins, and degradation of unfolded proteins by a quality-control system, but excessive ER activation can cause cell death. The Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched for full-text articles, and the terms "endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response/gynecologic tumor cell apoptosis" were used as key words. Thirty-five studies of ER stress and unfolded protein response published from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Stress triggers apoptosis through a variety of signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has shown that the ER plays an important role in tumor cell diseases. The present review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying unfolded protein response and its ability to promote survival and proliferation in gynecologic tumor cells.展开更多
Bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)shade tolerance is a trait of immense importance to the turfgrass industry.However,little is known about shade tolerance of turf-type bermudagrass native to China.Additional knowledge of ...Bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)shade tolerance is a trait of immense importance to the turfgrass industry.However,little is known about shade tolerance of turf-type bermudagrass native to China.Additional knowledge of the mechanism of shade tolerance in bermudagrass is required to identify specific plant features that promote shade tolerance and assist breeding efforts worldwide.This study examines shade tolerance of two different bermudagrass cultivars,Yangjiang(prostrate form)and Guanzhong(upright form),which were developed in China.Each cultivar was subjected to 0,30.4,61.2,and 90.6%shade levels during growth and assessed for turf quality,turfgrass color intensity,biomass allocation,growth rate,antioxidant enzyme activity,leaf anatomy,and photochemical properties.Results generally demonstrated that turf quality and turf color intensity were lower in Guanzhong compared with Yangjiang on the 90.6%shade testing days.Yangjiang exhibited a less severe reduction of growth rate,leaf thickness,root to shoot ratio,and chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio(Chla/b)under 90.6%shade compared with Guanzhong.Both cultivars exhibited a decrease in photochemical efficiency as determined by reduced qP,ETR,and Fv/Fm values.Photochemical efficiency was impacted less in Yangjian,and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)enzymes activities were greater than in Guanzhong when exposed to severe shade.When exposed to 90.6%shade level,Yangjiang had better turf quality than Guanzhong as determined by morphological,anatomical,and physiological features.Breeding efforts focused on these shade tolerance features will lead to improved bermudagrass germplasm and aid turf management in shade environments.展开更多
Physical layer key generation(PKG)technology leverages reciprocal channel randomness to generate shared secret keys.However,multipath fading at the receiver may degrade the correlation between legitimate uplink and do...Physical layer key generation(PKG)technology leverages reciprocal channel randomness to generate shared secret keys.However,multipath fading at the receiver may degrade the correlation between legitimate uplink and downlink channels,resulting in a low key generation rate(KGR).In this paper,we propose a PKG scheme based on the pattern-reconfigurable antenna(PRA)to boost the secret key capacity.First,we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)based PRA architecture with the capability of flexible and reconfigurable antenna patterns.Then,we present the PRA-based PKG protocol to improve the KGR via mitigation of the effects of multipath fading.Specifically,a novel algorithm for estimation of the multipath channel parameters is proposed based on atomic norm minimization.Thereafter,a novel optimization method for the matching reception of multipath signals is formulated based on the improved binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO)algorithm.Finally,simulation results show that the proposed scheme can resist multipath fading and achieve a high KGR compared to existing schemes.Moreover,our findings indicate that the increased degree of freedom of the antenna patterns can significantly increase the secret key capacity.展开更多
ObjectiveTo compare the effects of oral intake and nasogastric tube(NG)feeding on nutritional status,complications and survival during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)patients...ObjectiveTo compare the effects of oral intake and nasogastric tube(NG)feeding on nutritional status,complications and survival during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)patients.MethodsA total of 61 ESCC cases treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy from December 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled,including(38 in oral intake group,and 22 in NG feeding group.Disease characteristics and baseline nutritional markers were collected in both groups.Nutritional status,complication and completion rate of chemoradiotherapy in both groups were evaluated.ResultsCompared with the oral intake group,patients in the NG feeding group had a later T stage(P=0.027)and clinical stage(P=0.014).The levels of energy intake(P=0.033),serum prealbumin(P<0.001),albumin(P=0.017)and hemoglobin(P=0.015)before treatment in NG group were significantly lower than those in oral intake group.Furthermore,patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)score(P=0.016)and the levels of serum C-reactive protein(P=0.014)of NG feeding group were significantly higher than those of oral intake group.However,at the end of treatment,PG-SGA scores were increased in oral intake group and decreased in NG feeding group.In addition,the NG feeding group had a lower incidence of grade≥2 esophagitis(P=0.037),and higher completion rate of chemotherapy compared with oral intake group(P=0.034).Meanwhile,the proportion of parenteral nutrition(P=0.008)and anti-inflammatory(P=0.022)treatment in NG feeding group was significantly lower than that in oral intake group.Although patients in the NG feeding group had a worse prognosis,there were no statistically significant differences in overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)between the two groups(P>0.05).ConclusionsAs a safe and effective enteral nutrition approach to improving nutrition,nasogastric tube feeding could increase treatment completion rate and reduce the incidence of≥grade 2 esophagitis reaction during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.展开更多
The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with the...The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with theªunknown unknownºsecurity threats in cyberspace.This paper first expounds the new paradigm of cyberspace endogenous security and introduces the vision of 6G cyberspace security.Then,it analyzes the security problems faced by the 6G core network,wireless access network,and emerging associated technologies in detail,as well as the corresponding security technology development status and the integrated development of endogenous security and traditional security.Furthermore,this paper describes the relevant security theories and technical concepts under the guidance of the new paradigm of endogenous security.展开更多
background Biliary atresia(BA)is one of the most challenging hepatobiliary diseases in children.Notwithstanding the reasonable outcome of liver transplantation(LT),portoenteral anastomosis(Kasai operation)is still the...background Biliary atresia(BA)is one of the most challenging hepatobiliary diseases in children.Notwithstanding the reasonable outcome of liver transplantation(LT),portoenteral anastomosis(Kasai operation)is still the first choice of treatment for patients with BA.How to improve the survival rate of the patients with BA in the era of LT is a new challenge.Data sources Based on recent original publications and the experience with the BA in China,we review many factors that influence BA survival situation,including early diagnosis and screen plan,defects of early treatment,Kasai operation,and LT and indicate present questions about BA diagnosis and treatment in China.results BA diagnosis may also be delayed due to insufficient understanding of BA and lack of jaundice monitoring methods at different levels of the hospitals in China.Further education of the physicians at smaller city hospitals about BA,neonatal jaundice and cholestasis would be helpful in improving early diagnosis of BA.Early surgical intervention is still the only guarantee to improve the survival rate of BA with native liver.Conclusions In the era of LT,especially in China,Kasai operation can provide waiting time for living donor LT and improve the success rate of LT and minimize the rapid deterioration of liver function of the children with BA and decrease the mortality in patients with BA.展开更多
基金supported in part by China High-Tech RD Program(863 Program) SS2015AA011306National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61379006,61401510,61501516,61521003
文摘This paper studies a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system with multiple external eavesdroppers and internal curious users.We model the random network by Poisson cluster process in consideration of the case where eavesdroppers hide around certain targets.Focusing on the users that work in harvesting-transmitting mode with time switching receivers,we establish communication model via time division multiple access.On this basis,we propose a lightweight secure transmission scheme based on dual-thresholds for physical-layer security enhancement,which consists of two protocols applied to the downlink(DL) and uplink(UL) transmission respectively.In the DL,we design a dynamic information-power switching transmission protocol based on signal-to-noise ratio threshold,which provides an opportunistic approach to reform the fixed period allocation of information and power transfer;in the UL,an energy threshold is proposed for users to control the transmission,which is called a user-led on-off transmission protocol.Furthermore,we give a comprehensive performance analysis for the proposed scheme in terms of delay,reliability,security and secrecy throughput.Based on the analysis results,we optimize the two thresholds and the DL-UL allocationcoefficient to maximize the secrecy throughput.Simulation results show the proposed scheme can bring about a substantial secrecy gain.
文摘Efficient functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is very important for most cellular activities, such as protein folding and modification. The ER closely interacts with other organelles, including the Golgi body, endosome, membrane, and mitochondria, providing lipids and proteins for the repair of these organelles. ER stress can be induced by various abnormal materials in the cell. ER stress is a compensatory intracellular environment disorder that occurs during areaction. ER can sense the stress and respond to it through translational attenuation, upregulation of the genes for ER chaperones and related proteins, and degradation of unfolded proteins by a quality-control system, but excessive ER activation can cause cell death. The Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched for full-text articles, and the terms "endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response/gynecologic tumor cell apoptosis" were used as key words. Thirty-five studies of ER stress and unfolded protein response published from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Stress triggers apoptosis through a variety of signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has shown that the ER plays an important role in tumor cell diseases. The present review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying unfolded protein response and its ability to promote survival and proliferation in gynecologic tumor cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3197177232001407).
文摘Bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)shade tolerance is a trait of immense importance to the turfgrass industry.However,little is known about shade tolerance of turf-type bermudagrass native to China.Additional knowledge of the mechanism of shade tolerance in bermudagrass is required to identify specific plant features that promote shade tolerance and assist breeding efforts worldwide.This study examines shade tolerance of two different bermudagrass cultivars,Yangjiang(prostrate form)and Guanzhong(upright form),which were developed in China.Each cultivar was subjected to 0,30.4,61.2,and 90.6%shade levels during growth and assessed for turf quality,turfgrass color intensity,biomass allocation,growth rate,antioxidant enzyme activity,leaf anatomy,and photochemical properties.Results generally demonstrated that turf quality and turf color intensity were lower in Guanzhong compared with Yangjiang on the 90.6%shade testing days.Yangjiang exhibited a less severe reduction of growth rate,leaf thickness,root to shoot ratio,and chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio(Chla/b)under 90.6%shade compared with Guanzhong.Both cultivars exhibited a decrease in photochemical efficiency as determined by reduced qP,ETR,and Fv/Fm values.Photochemical efficiency was impacted less in Yangjian,and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)enzymes activities were greater than in Guanzhong when exposed to severe shade.When exposed to 90.6%shade level,Yangjiang had better turf quality than Guanzhong as determined by morphological,anatomical,and physiological features.Breeding efforts focused on these shade tolerance features will lead to improved bermudagrass germplasm and aid turf management in shade environments.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB2902202,2022YFB2902205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A2001)。
文摘Physical layer key generation(PKG)technology leverages reciprocal channel randomness to generate shared secret keys.However,multipath fading at the receiver may degrade the correlation between legitimate uplink and downlink channels,resulting in a low key generation rate(KGR).In this paper,we propose a PKG scheme based on the pattern-reconfigurable antenna(PRA)to boost the secret key capacity.First,we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)based PRA architecture with the capability of flexible and reconfigurable antenna patterns.Then,we present the PRA-based PKG protocol to improve the KGR via mitigation of the effects of multipath fading.Specifically,a novel algorithm for estimation of the multipath channel parameters is proposed based on atomic norm minimization.Thereafter,a novel optimization method for the matching reception of multipath signals is formulated based on the improved binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO)algorithm.Finally,simulation results show that the proposed scheme can resist multipath fading and achieve a high KGR compared to existing schemes.Moreover,our findings indicate that the increased degree of freedom of the antenna patterns can significantly increase the secret key capacity.
文摘ObjectiveTo compare the effects of oral intake and nasogastric tube(NG)feeding on nutritional status,complications and survival during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)patients.MethodsA total of 61 ESCC cases treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy from December 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled,including(38 in oral intake group,and 22 in NG feeding group.Disease characteristics and baseline nutritional markers were collected in both groups.Nutritional status,complication and completion rate of chemoradiotherapy in both groups were evaluated.ResultsCompared with the oral intake group,patients in the NG feeding group had a later T stage(P=0.027)and clinical stage(P=0.014).The levels of energy intake(P=0.033),serum prealbumin(P<0.001),albumin(P=0.017)and hemoglobin(P=0.015)before treatment in NG group were significantly lower than those in oral intake group.Furthermore,patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)score(P=0.016)and the levels of serum C-reactive protein(P=0.014)of NG feeding group were significantly higher than those of oral intake group.However,at the end of treatment,PG-SGA scores were increased in oral intake group and decreased in NG feeding group.In addition,the NG feeding group had a lower incidence of grade≥2 esophagitis(P=0.037),and higher completion rate of chemotherapy compared with oral intake group(P=0.034).Meanwhile,the proportion of parenteral nutrition(P=0.008)and anti-inflammatory(P=0.022)treatment in NG feeding group was significantly lower than that in oral intake group.Although patients in the NG feeding group had a worse prognosis,there were no statistically significant differences in overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)between the two groups(P>0.05).ConclusionsAs a safe and effective enteral nutrition approach to improving nutrition,nasogastric tube feeding could increase treatment completion rate and reduce the incidence of≥grade 2 esophagitis reaction during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFB1806607 and 2022YFB2902202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61521003 and 61701538)。
文摘The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with theªunknown unknownºsecurity threats in cyberspace.This paper first expounds the new paradigm of cyberspace endogenous security and introduces the vision of 6G cyberspace security.Then,it analyzes the security problems faced by the 6G core network,wireless access network,and emerging associated technologies in detail,as well as the corresponding security technology development status and the integrated development of endogenous security and traditional security.Furthermore,this paper describes the relevant security theories and technical concepts under the guidance of the new paradigm of endogenous security.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Fund:81570471.Tianjin Institutes of Health grants:14KG129
文摘background Biliary atresia(BA)is one of the most challenging hepatobiliary diseases in children.Notwithstanding the reasonable outcome of liver transplantation(LT),portoenteral anastomosis(Kasai operation)is still the first choice of treatment for patients with BA.How to improve the survival rate of the patients with BA in the era of LT is a new challenge.Data sources Based on recent original publications and the experience with the BA in China,we review many factors that influence BA survival situation,including early diagnosis and screen plan,defects of early treatment,Kasai operation,and LT and indicate present questions about BA diagnosis and treatment in China.results BA diagnosis may also be delayed due to insufficient understanding of BA and lack of jaundice monitoring methods at different levels of the hospitals in China.Further education of the physicians at smaller city hospitals about BA,neonatal jaundice and cholestasis would be helpful in improving early diagnosis of BA.Early surgical intervention is still the only guarantee to improve the survival rate of BA with native liver.Conclusions In the era of LT,especially in China,Kasai operation can provide waiting time for living donor LT and improve the success rate of LT and minimize the rapid deterioration of liver function of the children with BA and decrease the mortality in patients with BA.