Flexible bidirectional pulse charging regulation achieving long-life lithium-ion batteries

Typical application scenarios,such as vehicle to grid(V2G)and frequency regulation,have imposed significant long-life demands on lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we propose an advanced battery life-extension method employing bidirectional pulse charging(BPC)strategy.Unlike traditional constant current charging methods,BPC strategy not only achieves comparable charging speeds but also facilitates V2G frequency regulation simultaneously.It significantly enhances battery cycle ampere-hour throughput and demonstrates remarkable life extension capabilities.For this interesting conclusion,adopting model identification and postmortem characterization to reveal the life regulation mechanism of BPC:it mitigates battery capacity loss attributed to loss of lithium-ion inventory(LLI)in graphite anodes by intermittently regulating the overall battery voltage and anode potential using a negative charging current.Then,from the perspective of internal side reaction,the life extension mechanism is further revealed as inhibition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and lithium dendrite growth by regulating voltage with a bidirectional pulse current,and a semi-empirical life degradation model combining SEI and lithium dendrite growth is developed for BPC scenarios health management,the model parameters are identified by genetic algorithm with the life simulation exhibiting an accuracy exceeding 99%.This finding indicates that under typical rate conditions,adaptable BPC strategies can extend the service life of LFP battery by approximately 123%.Consequently,the developed advanced BPC strategy offers innovative perspectives and insights for the development of long-life battery applications in the future.

Prevalence and clinical significance of pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 mutations in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients

Objective: Germline alterations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes type 1 and 2, BRCA1 and BRCA2, predispose individuals to hereditary cancers, including breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.Accumulating evidence suggests inherited genetic susceptibility to lung cancer.The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of pathogenic germline BRCA mutations(gBRCAm) and explore the potential association between gBRCAm and disease onset in Chinese advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients.Methods: A total of 6,220 NSCLC patients were screened using capture-based ultra-deep targeted sequencing to identify patients harboring germline BRCA1/2 mutations.Results: Out of the 6,220 patients screened, 1.03%(64/6,220) of the patients harbored the pathogenic gB RCAm, with BRCA2 mutations being the most predominant mutations(49/64, 76.5%).Patients who developed NSCLC before 50 years of age were more likely to carry gBRCAm(P = 0.036).Among the patients harboring classic lung cancer driver mutations, those with concurrent gBRCAm were significantly younger than those harboring the wild-type gBRCA(P = 0.029).By contrast, the age of patients with or without concurrent gBRCAm was comparable to those of patients without the driver mutations(P = 0.972).In addition, we identified EGFR-mutant patients with concurrent gBRCAm who showed comparable progression-free survival but significantly longer overall survival(P = 0.002) compared to EGFR-mutant patients with wild-type germline BRCA.Conclusions: Overall, our study is the largest survey of the prevalence of pathogenic gBRCAm in advanced Chinese NSCLC patients.Results suggested a lack of association between germline BRCA status and treatment outcome of EGFR-TKI.In addition,results showed a positive correlation between pathogenic gB RCAm and an early onset of NSCLC.

Parameter-independent error correction for potential measurements by reference electrode in lithium-ion batteries

The safety monitoring of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is of great significance for realizing all-climate and full-lifespan battery management. In-situ measurement of anode potential with implanted reference electrodes(REs) has proven to be effective to monitor and avoid the occurrence of severe side reactions like Li plating to ensure the safe and fast charging. However, the intrinsic measurement errors caused by local blocking effects, which also can be referred to as potential artefacts, are seldom taken into consideration in existing studies, yet they highly dominate the correctness of conclusions inferred from REs. In this study, aiming at exploring the physical origin of the measurement errors and ensure reliable potential monitoring, electrochemical and post-mortem tests are conducted using commercial pouch cells with implanted REs. Corresponding electrochemical model which describes the blocking effects, is established to validate the abnormal absence of lithium plating that predicted by measured anode potentials under various charging rates. Theoretical derivation is further presented to explain the error sources, which can be attributed to increased local liquid potential of the RE position. Most importantly, with the guidance of error analysis, a novel parameter-independent error correction method for RE measurements is proposed for the first time, which is proven to be adequate to estimate the real anode potentials and deduce the critical C-rate of Li plating with extra safety margin. After error correction, the resulting critical C-rates are all within the range of 0.55 ± 0.03 C, which is close to the C-rate of 0.6–0.7 C obtained from experiments. In addition, this error correction method can be performed conveniently with only some simple RE measurements of polarization voltages, totally independent of battery electrochemical and geometric parameters. This study provides highly practical error correction method for RE measurements in real LIBs, substantially facilitating the fast diagnosis and safety evaluation of Li plating during charging of LIBs.

Erratum to Prevalence and clinical significance of pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 mutations in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients

In the published article1,the affiliation for the first author,Xingshcng Hu,is"Department of Medical Oncology,Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences",we would like to update it to"Department of Medical Oncology,National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing,100021,China".We apologize for the errors and for any confusion it may have caused.

外周血检测指标联合TCF1^(+)CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞占比预测中晚期肺癌免疫治疗疗效及预后的临床队列研究

背景与目的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗目前缺乏可用于预测疗效的生物标志物,本研究旨在探讨外周血实验室检查指标联合淋巴细胞亚群分布与中晚期肺癌免疫治疗疗效及预后的相关性。方法前瞻性纳入2021年5月至2023年7月四川大学华西医院接受一线免疫治疗的中晚期肺癌患者,收集患者临床信息,同时采用流式细胞术检测患者治疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群。分别采用Logistic回归分析和Cox模型探究疗效和预后的影响因素。结果Logistic回归表明基线转录因子T细胞因子1(transcription factor T cell factor 1,TCF1)^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞占比及治疗1个周期后外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞百分比、细胞角蛋白19片段(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)水平、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比率(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)是疗效的影响因素(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示基线TCF1^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞占比(P=0.020)、治疗1个周期后外周血白细胞计数(P<0.001)是预后的影响因素。结论基线高水平TCF1^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞占比和治疗1个周期后低水平白细胞计数和CYFRA21-1可能是患者从免疫治疗中获益的有利因素。

黑龙江省上市公司激励现状与对策分析

在中国进入经济新常态的背景下,党的十八大提出了全面深化改革战略部署,明确提出了减少政府干预，释放经济活力，寻求创新增长，大众创业万众创新的经济发展新路。

Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems.Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion.However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain.These experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

lmpact of non-canonical ALK fusion on the efficacy of targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

To the Editor:With the wide application of next-generation sequencing(NGS),a number of EML4-ALK fusion partners or coexisting(non)-EML4-ALK and non-EML4-ALK have been detected in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Although targeted therapies for patients with metastatic NSCLC and actionable mutations dramatically change how these patients are treated,studies have demonstrated differences in progression-free survival(PFS)among patients based on different ALK fusion partners.

Safety, immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of heterologous boost with a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) in adult recipients of inactivated vaccines

Vaccines have proven effective in protecting populations against COVID-19,including the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 cells),the first approved recombinant protein vaccine in China.In this positive-controlled trial with 85 adult participants(Sf9 cells group:n=44;CoronaVac group:n=41),we evaluated the safety,immunogenicity,and protective effectiveness of a heterologous boost with the Sf9 cells vaccine in adults who had been vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine,and found a post-booster adverse events rate of 20.45%in the Sf9 cells group and 31.71%in the CoronaVac group(p=0.279),within 28 days after booster injection.Neither group reported any severe adverse events.Following the Sf9 cells vaccine booster,the geometric mean titer(GMT)of binding antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of prototype SARS-CoV-2 on day 28 post-booster was significantly higher than that induced by the CoronaVac vaccine booster(100,683.37 vs.9,451.69,p<0.001).In the Sf9 cells group,GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against pseudo SARS-CoV-2 viruses(prototype and diverse variants of concern[VOCs])increased by 22.23–75.93 folds from baseline to day 28 post-booster,while the CoronaVac group showed increases of only 3.29–10.70 folds.Similarly,neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 viruses(prototype and diverse VOCs)increased by 68.18–192.67 folds on day 14 post-booster compared with the baseline level,significantly greater than the CoronaVac group(19.67–37.67 folds).A more robust Th1 cellular response was observed with the Sf9 cells booster on day 14 post-booster(mean IFN-γ+spot-forming cells per 2×105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells:26.66 vs.13.59).Protective effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was approximately twice as high in the Sf9 cells group compared to the CoronaVac group(68.18%vs.36.59%,p=0.004).Our study findings support the high protective effectiveness of heterologous boosting with the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 cells)against symptomatic COVID-19 of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern,while causing no apparent safety concerns.

Experimental Study on the Effect of State of Charge on Failure Propagation Characteristics within Battery Modules

To investigate the effect of different states of charge(SOC)on the thermal runaway(TR)propagation behaviors within lithium-ion-batteries based energy storage modules,an experimental setup was developed to conduct failure propagation tests on battery modules at an SOC of 97%,85%,and 50%.The result indicates that an increase in the SOC of batteries can decrease the TR trigger temperature,making batteries trigger TR earlier and reducing the average failure propagation time between two adjacent cells.In addition,the failure propagation tests reveal that at higher SOCs,the TR reaction becomes more violent,the maximal reaction temperature is also much higher,and the damage to the battery module is severe.Compared to the battery module with 97%SOC,the TR trigger time of the battery module with 50%SOC was postponed by approximately 57.8%.Meanwhile,the average failure propagation time got prolonged by approximately 36.0%.Thus,this study can provide references for the thermal safety design of energy-storage battery modules.

Comparing T-and B-cell responses to COVID-19 vaccines across varied immune backgrounds

The emergence of adapted variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a surge in breakthrough infections worldwide.A recent analysis of immune responses in people who received inactivated vaccines has revealed that individuals with no prior infection have limited resistance to Omicron and its sub-lineages,while those with previous infections exhibit a significant amount of neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells.However,specific T-cell responses remain largely unaffected by the mutations,indicating that T-cell-mediated cellular immunity can still provide protection.Moreover,the administration of a third dose of vaccine has resulted in a marked increase in the spectrum and duration of neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells in vivo,which has enhanced resistance to emerging variants such as BA.2.75 and BA.2.12.1.These results highlight the need to consider booster immunization for previously infected individuals and the development of novel vaccination strategies.The rapid spread of adapted variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a significant challenge to global health.The findings from this study underscore the importance of tailoring vaccination strategies based on individual immune backgrounds and the potential need for booster shots to combat emerging variants.Continued research and development are crucial to discovering new immunization strategies that will effectively protect public health against the evolving virus.

Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer:rationale,recent advances and future perspectives

Lung cancer,with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)being the major type,is the second most commonmalignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death globally.Immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has been one of the greatest advances in recent years for the treatment of solid tumors including NSCLC.However,not all NSCLC patients experience an effective response to immunotherapy with the established selection criteria of programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)and tumor mutational burden(TMB).Furthermore,a considerable proportion of patients experience unconventional responses,including pseudoprogression or hyperprogressive disease(HPD),immune-related toxicities,and primary or acquired resistance during the immunotherapy process.To better understand the immune response in NSCLC and provide reference for clinical decision-making,we herein review the rationale and recent advances in using immunotherapy to treat NSCLC.Moreover,we discuss the current challenges and future strategies of this approach to improve its efficacy and safety in treating NSCLC.

Management of pulmonary nodules in non-high-risk population:initial evidence from a real-world prospective cohort study in China

To the Editor:Lung cancer continues to be the most common cause of tumor-related death globally.Screening by low-dose computed tomography(CT)has been proven to greatly reduce the mortality of lung cancer patients.Although the recommended screened population varies among different guidelines,elderly smokers are always the most important subjects.However,a substantial group of lung cancer patients has been found to be young without tobacco consumptionJ11 Non-smoking lung cancer was even considered to be an independent disease and the seventh leading cause of cancer mortality.

A case of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma harboring rare ALK fusion with initial response to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib and acquired F1174L mutation after resistance

A 51-year-old,male,non-smoker with a 3.4 cm mass in the right middle lobe was diagnosed with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC).Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene translocation,in agreement with the immunohistochemistry result obtained with use of ALK-Ventana.Radiographic examinations showed both bone and brain metastasis.After two cycles of chemotherapy consisting of etoposide and cisplatin,the patient achieved stable disease,and was subsequently switched to crizotinib.Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed partial response after 4 months of crizotinib,but progressed after treatment for 10 months,when several hard lymph nodes were palpable in the left supraclavicular fossa.Lymph node biopsy showed similar histology of tumor cells and targeted next-generation sequencing revealed ALK F1174L on exon 23 with two rare forms of ALK rearrangements.This case provides evidence of responsiveness of ALK inhibitors for a rare pattern of ALK-rearranged LCNEC,and suggests that F1174L,a common resistant mutation found in non-small-cell lung cancer,also causes crizotinib resistance in LCNEC.