A sudden and unprecedented outbreak of molluscan Philine kinglipini occurred in summer 2022 in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,causing substantial damage to local mariculture industry of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippi...A sudden and unprecedented outbreak of molluscan Philine kinglipini occurred in summer 2022 in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,causing substantial damage to local mariculture industry of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum.Although P.kinglipini has been found in many coastal regions of China,the molecular research of P.kinglipini has not been extensively studied,making it difficult to accurately identify and track P.kinglipini samples in field using molecular methods.Samples were collected during the outbreak and their morphological features and molecular sequences were analyzed.Results show that the causative species of the outbreak was P.kinglipini.The mitochondrial genome(mt DNA)of P.kinglipini was constructed for the first time,based on which phylogenetic analysis of the mt DNAs of P.kinglipini and related species in the order Cephalaspidea was carried out.As revealed by metabarcoding analysis of 18S rDNA V4,the seasonal change of P.kinglipini and closely related Philine species was striking with peaks between April and August.Therefore,metabarcoding analysis is applicable tool for monitoring the bloom development of P.kinglipini and related species.This study generated for the first time essential molecular marker sequences and mtDNA of P.kinglipini,which provided a reference for future characterization and monitoring of its outbreaks and for phylogenetic analysis of Philine species.展开更多
According to a high-temperature compression test of rare earth magnesium alloy(WE43),a strain-compensated constitutive model of the Arrhenius equation based on Zener-Hollomon parameters was established,and the rheolog...According to a high-temperature compression test of rare earth magnesium alloy(WE43),a strain-compensated constitutive model of the Arrhenius equation based on Zener-Hollomon parameters was established,and the rheological behaviors were predicted.The model exhibited relatively serious prediction distortion in the low-temperature and high-strain rate parameter interval,and its accuracy was still unsatisfactory even after modification by a correction operator considering the coupling of temperature and strain rate.The microstructure characterization and statistical analysis showed that a large number of twinning occurred in the parameter intervals with prediction deviation.The occurrence of twinning complicated the local internal stress distribution by drastically changing the crystal orientation and led to significant fluctuations in the macroscopic strain-stress and hardening curves relative to the rheological processes dominated by the dislocation and softening mechanisms,making the logarithm of the strain rate and stress deviate from the linear relationship.This twinning phenomenon was greatly influenced by the temperature and strain rate.Herein,the influence mechanism on twinning behavior was analyzed from the perspective of the interaction of dislocation and twinning.展开更多
A model is proposed for liquid film profile prediction in gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is able to provide the film thickness along the circumferential direction and the pressure gradient in the flow direction.A two...A model is proposed for liquid film profile prediction in gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is able to provide the film thickness along the circumferential direction and the pressure gradient in the flow direction.A two-fluid model is used to calculate both gas and liquid phases’flow characteristics.The secondary flow occurring in the gas phase is taken into account and a sailing boat mechanism is introduced.Moreover,energy conservation is applied for obtaining the liquid film thickness distribution along the circumference.Liquid film thickness distribution is calculated accordingly for different cases;its values are compared with other models and available experimental data.As a result,the newly proposed model is tested and good performances are demonstrated.The liquid film thickness distribution in small pipes and inclined pipes is also studied,and regime transition is revealed by liquid film profile evolution.The observed inflection point demonstrates that the liquid film thickness decreases steeply along the circumference,when the circle angle ranges between 30°and 50°for gas-liquid stratified flow with small superficial velocities.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce a novel scheme for the separate training of deep learning-based autoencoders used for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. Our distinct training approach caters to multiple users and b...In this paper, we introduce a novel scheme for the separate training of deep learning-based autoencoders used for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. Our distinct training approach caters to multiple users and base stations, enabling independent and individualized local training. This ensures the more secure processing of data and algorithms, different from the commonly adopted joint training method. To maintain comparable performance with joint training, we present two distinct training methods: separate training decoder and separate training encoder. It’s noteworthy that conducting separate training for the encoder can pose additional challenges, due to its responsibility in acquiring a compressed representation of underlying data features. This complexity makes accommodating multiple pre-trained decoders for just one encoder a demanding task. To overcome this, we design an adaptation layer architecture that effectively minimizes performance losses. Moreover, the flexible training strategy empowers users and base stations to seamlessly incorporate distinct encoder and decoder structures into the system, significantly amplifying the system’s scalability. .展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of </span><span st...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA (Tuber</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">culosis-Interferon Gamma Release Assay), PPD (Intradermal T</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">u</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">culin Te</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st), TB-DNA-PCR (Tuberculosis-Deoxyribonucleic-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and ADA(Adenosine Aeaminase) in tuberculous pleural effusion. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 60 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion discharged from our department from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were selected. Moreover, the TB-IGRA in peripheral blood, PPD test, TB-DNA-PCR and ADA in pleural effusion were detected. Subsequently, the positive rate, negative rate, sensitivity and omission diagnostic rate of</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA, PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA and combined</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA were calculated. </span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The positive rate and sensitivi</span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA, PPD</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-DNA-PCR, and ADA were 95%, 71.67%,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5% and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 86.67% respectively. The omission diagnostic rate was 5%, 28.33%, 95% and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13.33%. TB-IGRA showed the highest positive rate and sensitivity, and TB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-DNA-PCR represented the highest omission diagnostic rate. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + PPD was 98.33%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 51.67%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + TB-DNA-PCR was 95%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 5%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + ADA was 100%, while the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">omission diagnostic rate was 0%. In addition, the TB-IGRA + ADA had the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest sensitivity and the lowest omission diagnostic rate. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b><span> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA has high positive rate, high sensitivity and low omission diagnostic rate, which is superior to the traditional sputum test for tuberculosis. Notably, the combination of PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA is capable of improving the diagno</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sis rate, and the diagnosis rate can reach 100% when combined with ADA,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which is able to provide solid diagnostic value in clinical practice.</span></span></span>展开更多
Iron loss and copper loss are the significant parts of electrical loss of machines,which are the major parts particularly under high frequency condition.High-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines(HS-PMSM)have th...Iron loss and copper loss are the significant parts of electrical loss of machines,which are the major parts particularly under high frequency condition.High-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines(HS-PMSM)have the benefits of high power density,high efficiency and wide speed range.Which causes the calculation for iron loss and copper loss in whole operating range complex.By analyzing the components and influencing factors of iron loss and copper loss in stator,we have deduced the calculation formula of iron loss and copper loss in whole operating range based on the analytical solution and finite element approach(EFA)solution.According to the calculation solution,taking the influence of operating temperature on the iron loss and copper loss into account,we propose a temperature correction factor and establish the calculation method for the iron loss and copper loss with temperature influences.Finally,by the conductor transposition,we restrain the circulating current under high-frequency operating condition.展开更多
Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of Qihuang Jiangtang capsule(QHJTC)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through network pharmacology and molecular docking.Meth...Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of Qihuang Jiangtang capsule(QHJTC)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods The active components of materia medica in the formula of QHJTC were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The targets related to the active components were obtained via PubChem database.The targets related to T2DM were retrieved through the GeneCards database.The targets corresponding to the active components and diabetes mellitus were uploaded to the Venn diagrams website to get the Venn diagram,and the intersecting targets were the potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.The active components and potential targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the active component–potential target network,and the key compounds and targets were screened by the Network Analyzer module in the Tools module.The potential targets were imported into the STRING database to obtain the interaction relationships,so as to analyze and construct the protein–protein interaction(PPI)network by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The intersecting targets were introduced into Metascape for gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.The top 20 signaling pathways obtained by the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and the related targets and the corresponding targets were analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the“active component–important target-key pathway network”for the intervention of T2DM with QHJTC.The molecular docking of active components and core targets was performed with AutoDock software.Results A total of 237 active components and 281 related targets were obtained from QHJTC,as well as 1362 T2DM targets and 155 potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.There were 32 key components and 49 key targets identified by the active component–potential target network topology analysis.There were 471 terms obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis,among which 248 related to biological processes,125 related to molecular functions,and 98 related to cellular components.There were 299 signaling pathways obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The active components of QHJTC were found spontaneously binding to the core targets.Conclusions QHJTC can treat T2DM through multi-components,multi-targets,and multi-pathways.展开更多
As an important means to solve water shortage,reclaimed water has been widely used for landscape water supply.However,with the emergence of large-scale epidemic diseases such as SARS,avian influenza and COVID-19 in re...As an important means to solve water shortage,reclaimed water has been widely used for landscape water supply.However,with the emergence of large-scale epidemic diseases such as SARS,avian influenza and COVID-19 in recent years,people are increasingly concerned about the public health safety of reclaimed water discharged into landscape water,especially the pathogenic microorganisms in it.In this study,the water quality and microorganisms of the Old Summer Palace,a landscape water body with reclaimed water as the only replenishment water source,were tracked through long-term dynamic monitoring.And the health risks of indicator microorganisms were analyzed using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment(QMRA).It was found that the concentration of indicator microorganisms Enterococcus(ENT),Escherichia coli(EC)and Fecal coliform(FC)generally showed an upward trend along the direction of water flow and increased by more than 0.6 log at the end of the flow.The concentrations of indicator microorganisms were higher in summer and autumn than those in spring.And there was a positive correlation between the concentration of indicator microorganisms and COD.Further research suggested that increased concentration of indicator microorganisms also led to increased health risks,which were more than 30%higher in other areas of the park than the water inlet area and required special attention.In addition,(water)surface operation exposure pathway had much higher health risks than other pathways and people in related occupations were advised to take precautions to reduce the risks.展开更多
Achieving high activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with an ultra-low amount of platinum is significant to promote the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Her...Achieving high activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with an ultra-low amount of platinum is significant to promote the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Here we report a new ultrathin(∼1 nm)ternary PtNiGa alloy nanowires(PtNiGa NWs)electrocatalyst,in which the presence of gallium(Ga)enhances the oxidation resistance of platinum(Pt)and nickel(Ni)and suppresses the dissolution of Ni.The mass and specific activities of PtNiGa NWs are about 11.2 and 7.6 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts for ORR.Moreover,the mass activity of PtNiGa/C NWs nanocatalyst decreased only by 12.8%and largely retained its electrochemical surface area(ECSA)after 10,000 potential cycles,compared with 38%loss of ECSA for commercial Pt/C catalyst.Therefore,this work provides a general guideline for preparing ternary alloy electrocatalysts and enhancing the activity and stability of the cathode ORR reaction of PEMFCs.展开更多
Dear Editor,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a vital role in regulating almost every aspect of human physiology,making up more than one-third of marketed drug targets(Santos et al.,2017).GPCRs orchestrate their ...Dear Editor,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a vital role in regulating almost every aspect of human physiology,making up more than one-third of marketed drug targets(Santos et al.,2017).GPCRs orchestrate their signalling through interactions with three distinct downstream protein families:G proteins,G protein-coupled receptor kinases(GRKs),and arrestins(Santos et al.,2017).While G protein-mediated signalling is initiated upon GPCR stimulation,activated GPCRs return to their basal levels through a GRK-and arrestin-regulated desensitization process(Santos et al.,2017).In addition to modulating receptor desensitization,β-arrestin also regulates downstream events that are distinct from classical G protein signalling(Ahn et al.,2020).展开更多
Hydrogen economy,as the most promising alternative energy system,relies on the hydrogen production through sustainable water splitting which in turn relies on the high efficiency electrocatalysts.PtAuCu A1-phase alloy...Hydrogen economy,as the most promising alternative energy system,relies on the hydrogen production through sustainable water splitting which in turn relies on the high efficiency electrocatalysts.PtAuCu A1-phase alloy has been predicted to be a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution.As such preferred phase of Pt-Au-Cu is not thermodynamically favored,herein,we stabilize PtAuCu alloy by engineering the high-entropy phase in the form of nanowire.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that,in comparison with the ordered phase and segregated phases with discrete hydrogen binding energy,the high-entropy phase provides a diverse combination of site composition to continuously tune the hydrogen binding energy,and thus generate a series of highly active sites for the hydrogen evolution.Reflecting the theoretical prediction,electrochemical tests show that the A1-phase PtAuCu nanowire significantly outperforms its nanoparticle counterpart with phase segregation,toward the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution,offering one of the best hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.展开更多
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus.The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties.Nutritional modific...The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus.The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties.Nutritional modification of laying hens’diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs.This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs,the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs,and the functions of carotenoids in eggs.Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value.The biosynthesis,chemical structure,and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms.Also,some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs.Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising,ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs.However,further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.展开更多
Streets are important public spaces in daily life,and their stress-relieving abilities help to improve people’s physical and mental health.To investigate the effects of different types of street vegetation on people...Streets are important public spaces in daily life,and their stress-relieving abilities help to improve people’s physical and mental health.To investigate the effects of different types of street vegetation on people’s stress recovery,this study used virtual reality technology to establish five street scenes with different vegetation types,including a non-vegetated street,a street with trees,a street with trees and grass,a street with trees and hedges,and a street with trees,grass,and flowers.Twenty-four participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test and then watched the five street scenes for stress recovery.Participants rated the vegetated streets as significantly better at reducing stress than the non-vegetated street.Compared with the non-vegetated street,the participants’POMS scores decreased by 2.59-12.09 and ROS scores increased by 0.83-3.67 after watching the vegetated streets,indicating significant improvement in mood(P<0.001).HRV data showed that the combination of trees,grass,and flowers was the most effective for stress recovery(LF/HF=0.67±0.42;pNN50=27.41%±16.32%).EEG data showed that participants’alpha power was 0.05-0.66µV2 higher and mental stress scores based on brainwave power were 0.23-0.37 points lower in the vegetated streets than in the non-vegetated street.The occipital and frontal regions showed the most positive responses to changes in vegetation elements,and alpha brainwaves in the O2 channel were the most active.Therefore,the streets with vegetation were more conducive to stress recovery than the non-vegetated street.It is thus suggested to integrate trees,grass,flowers,and other vegetation types along streets.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) is an extremely potential technique to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,but the development of electrocatalysts with high activity,excellent product selectivity,and long-te...The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) is an extremely potential technique to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,but the development of electrocatalysts with high activity,excellent product selectivity,and long-term durability remains a great challenge.Herein,the role of metal-supports interaction(MSI)between different active sites(including single and bimetallic atom sites consisting of Cu and Ni atoms)and carbon-based supports(including C_(2) N,C_(3)N_(4),N-coordination graphene,and graphdiyne)on catalytic activity,prod-uct selectivity,and thermodynamic stability towards CO_(2) reduction reaction(CRR)is systematically investi-gated by first principles calculations.Our results show that MSI is mainly related to the charge transfer behavior from metal sites to supports,and different MSI leads to diverse magnetic moments and d-band centers.Subsequently,the adsorption and catalytic performance can be efficiently improved by tuning MSI.Notably,the bimetallic atom supported graphdiyne not only exhibits a better catalytic activity,higher product selec-tivity,and higher thermodynamic stability,but also effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction.This finding provides a new research idea and optimization strategy for the rational design of high-efficiency CRR catalysts.展开更多
Moderate anionic doping is an effective approach to improve the performance of electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)since it can adjust the electronic structure,activesite,and phase.The reported stu...Moderate anionic doping is an effective approach to improve the performance of electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)since it can adjust the electronic structure,activesite,and phase.The reported studies mainly focus on designing P doped C0S2,while otherphases of cobalt sulfide,such as Co1-xS and Co9S8 doped with P are rarely investigated for HER electrocatalysts.Herein,various cobalt sulfides(including CoSg/Co1-xS,Co1-xS,and Co9S8)doped with P are anchored on carbon cloth through a facile hydrothermal method.Among tested electrocatalysts,P doped Co1-xS exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 110 and 165 mV(vs.RHE)for currentdensities of 10 and 100 mA·cm^-2,respectively.Density functional theory calculations reveal that P doped Co1-xS possesses a smaller bandgapand more optimal hydrogen adsorption sites than pristine Co1-xS.This work initially investigates various cobalt sulfides doped with P and furthergets in sight into the activity improvement mechanism of P dopi ng,which could guide the desig n of earth-abunda nt HER electrocatalysts for the"hydrogen economy".展开更多
Developing efficient platinum-based electrocatalysts with super durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is highly desirable to promote the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells.Although progress has bee...Developing efficient platinum-based electrocatalysts with super durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is highly desirable to promote the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells.Although progress has been made in this aspect,the electrochemical kinetics and stability of platinum-based catalysts are still far from the requirements of the practical applications.Herein,PtPdFeCoNi high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanoparticles were demonstrated via a high-temperature injection method.PtPdFeCoNi HEA nanocatalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic activity and stability towards ORR due to the high entropy,lattice distortion,and sluggish diffusion effects of HEA,and the HEA nanoparticles delivered a mass activity of 1.23 A/mgPt and a specific activity of 1.80 mA/cmPt 2,which enhanced by 6.2 and 4.9 times,respectively,compared with the values of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.More importantly,the high durability of PtPdFeCoNi HEA/C was evidenced by only 6 mV negativeshifted half-wave potential after 50,000 cycles of accelerated durability test(ADT).展开更多
Electrocatalytic water splitting offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production,enabling the clean and renewable alternative energy system of hydrogen economy.The scarcity and high-cost of platinum-group-metal(PGM...Electrocatalytic water splitting offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production,enabling the clean and renewable alternative energy system of hydrogen economy.The scarcity and high-cost of platinum-group-metal(PGM)materials urge the exploration of high-performance non-PGM electrocatalysts.Herein,a unique hierarchical structure of NiA/2O3 with extraordinary electrocatalytic performance(e.g.t overpotentials as low as 22 mV at 20 mA·cm^-2 and 94 mV at 100 mA·cm^-2)toward hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte(1 M KOH)is reported.The investigation on the hierarchical NiA/2O3 with a bimodal size-distribution also offers insight of interfacial engineering that only proper NiA/2O3 interface can effectively improve H20 adsorption,H20 dissociation as well as H adsorption,for an efficient hydrogen production.展开更多
To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients globally and has low rates of overall survival.After the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),patients wit...To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients globally and has low rates of overall survival.After the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),patients with CA and systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury can manifest as sepsis-like syndromes and immune disorders that increase the risk of infections.CD4^(+)T lymphocytes play an important role in organ ischemia-reperfusion injury.T-helper(Th)types 1 and 2 cells are classical subsets of CD4^(+)T cells.Extensive research on their functions in infectious and immune-related inflammatory diseases indicates that both subsets participate in host defense and direct immune responses.Data from CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation porcine models and patients have revealed imbalances in Th1/Th2 cell ratio.[1]Therefore,Th1 and Th2 cells are important for understanding post-ROSC immune dysfunction in patients with CA.展开更多
With an annual incidence of 0.5 to 1.5/1000,cardiac arrest(CA)has emerged as a major global public health concern.[1]Although the American Heart Association(AHA)-International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation update...With an annual incidence of 0.5 to 1.5/1000,cardiac arrest(CA)has emerged as a major global public health concern.[1]Although the American Heart Association(AHA)-International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updates the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)guidelines every 5 years,the survival rate and percentage of patients with good neurologic outcomes post-CA after hospital discharge have been relatively low.Therefore,the AHA 2010 CPR guidelines mention the treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome(PCAS)in the intensive care unit(ICU)as the fifth link in the CA survival chain.PCAS is a pathophysiological process that includes(1)brain injury,(2)myocardial dysfunction leading to hemodynamic instability,and(3)systemic ischemia/reperfusion response leading to lactate accumulation.[2]These key factors affect the survival and neurological prognosis of CA patients in the early stages.We assessed the effects of early hemodynamics,oxygen metabolism,and lactate dynamics during PCAS on a 28-day survival rate and neurological outcomes.展开更多
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDA22050302,XDB42000000)the Taishan Scholar Project Special Fund(to Nansheng CHEN)the Post-doctoral Program of Qingdao 2021(No.E2KY14101N)。
文摘A sudden and unprecedented outbreak of molluscan Philine kinglipini occurred in summer 2022 in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,causing substantial damage to local mariculture industry of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum.Although P.kinglipini has been found in many coastal regions of China,the molecular research of P.kinglipini has not been extensively studied,making it difficult to accurately identify and track P.kinglipini samples in field using molecular methods.Samples were collected during the outbreak and their morphological features and molecular sequences were analyzed.Results show that the causative species of the outbreak was P.kinglipini.The mitochondrial genome(mt DNA)of P.kinglipini was constructed for the first time,based on which phylogenetic analysis of the mt DNAs of P.kinglipini and related species in the order Cephalaspidea was carried out.As revealed by metabarcoding analysis of 18S rDNA V4,the seasonal change of P.kinglipini and closely related Philine species was striking with peaks between April and August.Therefore,metabarcoding analysis is applicable tool for monitoring the bloom development of P.kinglipini and related species.This study generated for the first time essential molecular marker sequences and mtDNA of P.kinglipini,which provided a reference for future characterization and monitoring of its outbreaks and for phylogenetic analysis of Philine species.
基金support of the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province of China(grant no.2021ZLGX01)Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project),China(grant no.2021CXGC010206).
文摘According to a high-temperature compression test of rare earth magnesium alloy(WE43),a strain-compensated constitutive model of the Arrhenius equation based on Zener-Hollomon parameters was established,and the rheological behaviors were predicted.The model exhibited relatively serious prediction distortion in the low-temperature and high-strain rate parameter interval,and its accuracy was still unsatisfactory even after modification by a correction operator considering the coupling of temperature and strain rate.The microstructure characterization and statistical analysis showed that a large number of twinning occurred in the parameter intervals with prediction deviation.The occurrence of twinning complicated the local internal stress distribution by drastically changing the crystal orientation and led to significant fluctuations in the macroscopic strain-stress and hardening curves relative to the rheological processes dominated by the dislocation and softening mechanisms,making the logarithm of the strain rate and stress deviate from the linear relationship.This twinning phenomenon was greatly influenced by the temperature and strain rate.Herein,the influence mechanism on twinning behavior was analyzed from the perspective of the interaction of dislocation and twinning.
基金support provided by Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023TSGC0625)Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC,K94).
文摘A model is proposed for liquid film profile prediction in gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is able to provide the film thickness along the circumferential direction and the pressure gradient in the flow direction.A two-fluid model is used to calculate both gas and liquid phases’flow characteristics.The secondary flow occurring in the gas phase is taken into account and a sailing boat mechanism is introduced.Moreover,energy conservation is applied for obtaining the liquid film thickness distribution along the circumference.Liquid film thickness distribution is calculated accordingly for different cases;its values are compared with other models and available experimental data.As a result,the newly proposed model is tested and good performances are demonstrated.The liquid film thickness distribution in small pipes and inclined pipes is also studied,and regime transition is revealed by liquid film profile evolution.The observed inflection point demonstrates that the liquid film thickness decreases steeply along the circumference,when the circle angle ranges between 30°and 50°for gas-liquid stratified flow with small superficial velocities.
文摘In this paper, we introduce a novel scheme for the separate training of deep learning-based autoencoders used for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. Our distinct training approach caters to multiple users and base stations, enabling independent and individualized local training. This ensures the more secure processing of data and algorithms, different from the commonly adopted joint training method. To maintain comparable performance with joint training, we present two distinct training methods: separate training decoder and separate training encoder. It’s noteworthy that conducting separate training for the encoder can pose additional challenges, due to its responsibility in acquiring a compressed representation of underlying data features. This complexity makes accommodating multiple pre-trained decoders for just one encoder a demanding task. To overcome this, we design an adaptation layer architecture that effectively minimizes performance losses. Moreover, the flexible training strategy empowers users and base stations to seamlessly incorporate distinct encoder and decoder structures into the system, significantly amplifying the system’s scalability. .
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA (Tuber</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">culosis-Interferon Gamma Release Assay), PPD (Intradermal T</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">u</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">culin Te</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st), TB-DNA-PCR (Tuberculosis-Deoxyribonucleic-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and ADA(Adenosine Aeaminase) in tuberculous pleural effusion. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 60 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion discharged from our department from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were selected. Moreover, the TB-IGRA in peripheral blood, PPD test, TB-DNA-PCR and ADA in pleural effusion were detected. Subsequently, the positive rate, negative rate, sensitivity and omission diagnostic rate of</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA, PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA and combined</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA were calculated. </span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The positive rate and sensitivi</span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA, PPD</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-DNA-PCR, and ADA were 95%, 71.67%,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5% and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 86.67% respectively. The omission diagnostic rate was 5%, 28.33%, 95% and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13.33%. TB-IGRA showed the highest positive rate and sensitivity, and TB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-DNA-PCR represented the highest omission diagnostic rate. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + PPD was 98.33%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 51.67%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + TB-DNA-PCR was 95%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 5%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + ADA was 100%, while the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">omission diagnostic rate was 0%. In addition, the TB-IGRA + ADA had the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest sensitivity and the lowest omission diagnostic rate. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b><span> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TB-IGRA has high positive rate, high sensitivity and low omission diagnostic rate, which is superior to the traditional sputum test for tuberculosis. Notably, the combination of PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA is capable of improving the diagno</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sis rate, and the diagnosis rate can reach 100% when combined with ADA,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which is able to provide solid diagnostic value in clinical practice.</span></span></span>
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51677144).
文摘Iron loss and copper loss are the significant parts of electrical loss of machines,which are the major parts particularly under high frequency condition.High-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines(HS-PMSM)have the benefits of high power density,high efficiency and wide speed range.Which causes the calculation for iron loss and copper loss in whole operating range complex.By analyzing the components and influencing factors of iron loss and copper loss in stator,we have deduced the calculation formula of iron loss and copper loss in whole operating range based on the analytical solution and finite element approach(EFA)solution.According to the calculation solution,taking the influence of operating temperature on the iron loss and copper loss into account,we propose a temperature correction factor and establish the calculation method for the iron loss and copper loss with temperature influences.Finally,by the conductor transposition,we restrain the circulating current under high-frequency operating condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074584)the National Key Innovative Talents Training Project Of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019-128).
文摘Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of Qihuang Jiangtang capsule(QHJTC)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods The active components of materia medica in the formula of QHJTC were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The targets related to the active components were obtained via PubChem database.The targets related to T2DM were retrieved through the GeneCards database.The targets corresponding to the active components and diabetes mellitus were uploaded to the Venn diagrams website to get the Venn diagram,and the intersecting targets were the potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.The active components and potential targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the active component–potential target network,and the key compounds and targets were screened by the Network Analyzer module in the Tools module.The potential targets were imported into the STRING database to obtain the interaction relationships,so as to analyze and construct the protein–protein interaction(PPI)network by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The intersecting targets were introduced into Metascape for gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.The top 20 signaling pathways obtained by the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and the related targets and the corresponding targets were analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the“active component–important target-key pathway network”for the intervention of T2DM with QHJTC.The molecular docking of active components and core targets was performed with AutoDock software.Results A total of 237 active components and 281 related targets were obtained from QHJTC,as well as 1362 T2DM targets and 155 potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.There were 32 key components and 49 key targets identified by the active component–potential target network topology analysis.There were 471 terms obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis,among which 248 related to biological processes,125 related to molecular functions,and 98 related to cellular components.There were 299 signaling pathways obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The active components of QHJTC were found spontaneously binding to the core targets.Conclusions QHJTC can treat T2DM through multi-components,multi-targets,and multi-pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070192 and 51778618).
文摘As an important means to solve water shortage,reclaimed water has been widely used for landscape water supply.However,with the emergence of large-scale epidemic diseases such as SARS,avian influenza and COVID-19 in recent years,people are increasingly concerned about the public health safety of reclaimed water discharged into landscape water,especially the pathogenic microorganisms in it.In this study,the water quality and microorganisms of the Old Summer Palace,a landscape water body with reclaimed water as the only replenishment water source,were tracked through long-term dynamic monitoring.And the health risks of indicator microorganisms were analyzed using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment(QMRA).It was found that the concentration of indicator microorganisms Enterococcus(ENT),Escherichia coli(EC)and Fecal coliform(FC)generally showed an upward trend along the direction of water flow and increased by more than 0.6 log at the end of the flow.The concentrations of indicator microorganisms were higher in summer and autumn than those in spring.And there was a positive correlation between the concentration of indicator microorganisms and COD.Further research suggested that increased concentration of indicator microorganisms also led to increased health risks,which were more than 30%higher in other areas of the park than the water inlet area and required special attention.In addition,(water)surface operation exposure pathway had much higher health risks than other pathways and people in related occupations were advised to take precautions to reduce the risks.
基金supported by the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China,and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2020YJ0243)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(No.2022-K28).
文摘Achieving high activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with an ultra-low amount of platinum is significant to promote the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Here we report a new ultrathin(∼1 nm)ternary PtNiGa alloy nanowires(PtNiGa NWs)electrocatalyst,in which the presence of gallium(Ga)enhances the oxidation resistance of platinum(Pt)and nickel(Ni)and suppresses the dissolution of Ni.The mass and specific activities of PtNiGa NWs are about 11.2 and 7.6 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts for ORR.Moreover,the mass activity of PtNiGa/C NWs nanocatalyst decreased only by 12.8%and largely retained its electrochemical surface area(ECSA)after 10,000 potential cycles,compared with 38%loss of ECSA for commercial Pt/C catalyst.Therefore,this work provides a general guideline for preparing ternary alloy electrocatalysts and enhancing the activity and stability of the cathode ORR reaction of PEMFCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China grant 2022YFA1302903(T.H.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 91953202(Z.-J.L.)+3 种基金the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program XDB37030104(Z.-J.L.)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars 32022038(T.H.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 32230026(Z.-J.L.)and 32271262(T.H.)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Bomacromolecules and Precision Medicine.
文摘Dear Editor,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a vital role in regulating almost every aspect of human physiology,making up more than one-third of marketed drug targets(Santos et al.,2017).GPCRs orchestrate their signalling through interactions with three distinct downstream protein families:G proteins,G protein-coupled receptor kinases(GRKs),and arrestins(Santos et al.,2017).While G protein-mediated signalling is initiated upon GPCR stimulation,activated GPCRs return to their basal levels through a GRK-and arrestin-regulated desensitization process(Santos et al.,2017).In addition to modulating receptor desensitization,β-arrestin also regulates downstream events that are distinct from classical G protein signalling(Ahn et al.,2020).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSF-C)(Nos.21773023 and 21972016)。
文摘Hydrogen economy,as the most promising alternative energy system,relies on the hydrogen production through sustainable water splitting which in turn relies on the high efficiency electrocatalysts.PtAuCu A1-phase alloy has been predicted to be a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution.As such preferred phase of Pt-Au-Cu is not thermodynamically favored,herein,we stabilize PtAuCu alloy by engineering the high-entropy phase in the form of nanowire.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that,in comparison with the ordered phase and segregated phases with discrete hydrogen binding energy,the high-entropy phase provides a diverse combination of site composition to continuously tune the hydrogen binding energy,and thus generate a series of highly active sites for the hydrogen evolution.Reflecting the theoretical prediction,electrochemical tests show that the A1-phase PtAuCu nanowire significantly outperforms its nanoparticle counterpart with phase segregation,toward the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution,offering one of the best hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research Systems(CARS-40-K11)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC06-2022-G05)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1600105)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(ASTIP-IAS-12)。
文摘The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus.The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties.Nutritional modification of laying hens’diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs.This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs,the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs,and the functions of carotenoids in eggs.Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value.The biosynthesis,chemical structure,and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms.Also,some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs.Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising,ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs.However,further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91953202,31930060,and 31870744)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB37030104)+5 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32022038)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0507000)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(20QA1406500)the Shanghai Science and Technology Plan(21DZ2260400)the Shanghai Municipal Government and ShanghaiTech University for financial supportsupported by Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Biomacromolecules and Precision Medicine at ShanghaiTech University。
文摘Streets are important public spaces in daily life,and their stress-relieving abilities help to improve people’s physical and mental health.To investigate the effects of different types of street vegetation on people’s stress recovery,this study used virtual reality technology to establish five street scenes with different vegetation types,including a non-vegetated street,a street with trees,a street with trees and grass,a street with trees and hedges,and a street with trees,grass,and flowers.Twenty-four participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test and then watched the five street scenes for stress recovery.Participants rated the vegetated streets as significantly better at reducing stress than the non-vegetated street.Compared with the non-vegetated street,the participants’POMS scores decreased by 2.59-12.09 and ROS scores increased by 0.83-3.67 after watching the vegetated streets,indicating significant improvement in mood(P<0.001).HRV data showed that the combination of trees,grass,and flowers was the most effective for stress recovery(LF/HF=0.67±0.42;pNN50=27.41%±16.32%).EEG data showed that participants’alpha power was 0.05-0.66µV2 higher and mental stress scores based on brainwave power were 0.23-0.37 points lower in the vegetated streets than in the non-vegetated street.The occipital and frontal regions showed the most positive responses to changes in vegetation elements,and alpha brainwaves in the O2 channel were the most active.Therefore,the streets with vegetation were more conducive to stress recovery than the non-vegetated street.It is thus suggested to integrate trees,grass,flowers,and other vegetation types along streets.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51371017the Major Subject Project of the University of Jinan(1420702).
文摘The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) is an extremely potential technique to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,but the development of electrocatalysts with high activity,excellent product selectivity,and long-term durability remains a great challenge.Herein,the role of metal-supports interaction(MSI)between different active sites(including single and bimetallic atom sites consisting of Cu and Ni atoms)and carbon-based supports(including C_(2) N,C_(3)N_(4),N-coordination graphene,and graphdiyne)on catalytic activity,prod-uct selectivity,and thermodynamic stability towards CO_(2) reduction reaction(CRR)is systematically investi-gated by first principles calculations.Our results show that MSI is mainly related to the charge transfer behavior from metal sites to supports,and different MSI leads to diverse magnetic moments and d-band centers.Subsequently,the adsorption and catalytic performance can be efficiently improved by tuning MSI.Notably,the bimetallic atom supported graphdiyne not only exhibits a better catalytic activity,higher product selec-tivity,and higher thermodynamic stability,but also effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction.This finding provides a new research idea and optimization strategy for the rational design of high-efficiency CRR catalysts.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21701153)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX201700042).
文摘Moderate anionic doping is an effective approach to improve the performance of electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)since it can adjust the electronic structure,activesite,and phase.The reported studies mainly focus on designing P doped C0S2,while otherphases of cobalt sulfide,such as Co1-xS and Co9S8 doped with P are rarely investigated for HER electrocatalysts.Herein,various cobalt sulfides(including CoSg/Co1-xS,Co1-xS,and Co9S8)doped with P are anchored on carbon cloth through a facile hydrothermal method.Among tested electrocatalysts,P doped Co1-xS exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 110 and 165 mV(vs.RHE)for currentdensities of 10 and 100 mA·cm^-2,respectively.Density functional theory calculations reveal that P doped Co1-xS possesses a smaller bandgapand more optimal hydrogen adsorption sites than pristine Co1-xS.This work initially investigates various cobalt sulfides doped with P and furthergets in sight into the activity improvement mechanism of P dopi ng,which could guide the desig n of earth-abunda nt HER electrocatalysts for the"hydrogen economy".
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21972016 and 21773023)National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China,Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2020YJ0243)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology(No.SKLPST 202103)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(No.2022-K28).
文摘Developing efficient platinum-based electrocatalysts with super durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is highly desirable to promote the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells.Although progress has been made in this aspect,the electrochemical kinetics and stability of platinum-based catalysts are still far from the requirements of the practical applications.Herein,PtPdFeCoNi high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanoparticles were demonstrated via a high-temperature injection method.PtPdFeCoNi HEA nanocatalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic activity and stability towards ORR due to the high entropy,lattice distortion,and sluggish diffusion effects of HEA,and the HEA nanoparticles delivered a mass activity of 1.23 A/mgPt and a specific activity of 1.80 mA/cmPt 2,which enhanced by 6.2 and 4.9 times,respectively,compared with the values of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.More importantly,the high durability of PtPdFeCoNi HEA/C was evidenced by only 6 mV negativeshifted half-wave potential after 50,000 cycles of accelerated durability test(ADT).
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11874005,21701153,51601030 and 21773023).
文摘Electrocatalytic water splitting offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production,enabling the clean and renewable alternative energy system of hydrogen economy.The scarcity and high-cost of platinum-group-metal(PGM)materials urge the exploration of high-performance non-PGM electrocatalysts.Herein,a unique hierarchical structure of NiA/2O3 with extraordinary electrocatalytic performance(e.g.t overpotentials as low as 22 mV at 20 mA·cm^-2 and 94 mV at 100 mA·cm^-2)toward hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte(1 M KOH)is reported.The investigation on the hierarchical NiA/2O3 with a bimodal size-distribution also offers insight of interfacial engineering that only proper NiA/2O3 interface can effectively improve H20 adsorption,H20 dissociation as well as H adsorption,for an efficient hydrogen production.
文摘To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients globally and has low rates of overall survival.After the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),patients with CA and systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury can manifest as sepsis-like syndromes and immune disorders that increase the risk of infections.CD4^(+)T lymphocytes play an important role in organ ischemia-reperfusion injury.T-helper(Th)types 1 and 2 cells are classical subsets of CD4^(+)T cells.Extensive research on their functions in infectious and immune-related inflammatory diseases indicates that both subsets participate in host defense and direct immune responses.Data from CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation porcine models and patients have revealed imbalances in Th1/Th2 cell ratio.[1]Therefore,Th1 and Th2 cells are important for understanding post-ROSC immune dysfunction in patients with CA.
文摘With an annual incidence of 0.5 to 1.5/1000,cardiac arrest(CA)has emerged as a major global public health concern.[1]Although the American Heart Association(AHA)-International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updates the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)guidelines every 5 years,the survival rate and percentage of patients with good neurologic outcomes post-CA after hospital discharge have been relatively low.Therefore,the AHA 2010 CPR guidelines mention the treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome(PCAS)in the intensive care unit(ICU)as the fifth link in the CA survival chain.PCAS is a pathophysiological process that includes(1)brain injury,(2)myocardial dysfunction leading to hemodynamic instability,and(3)systemic ischemia/reperfusion response leading to lactate accumulation.[2]These key factors affect the survival and neurological prognosis of CA patients in the early stages.We assessed the effects of early hemodynamics,oxygen metabolism,and lactate dynamics during PCAS on a 28-day survival rate and neurological outcomes.