Expression analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in upland cotton and functional study of GhMYB3D5 in regulating Verticillium wilt resistance

Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense.However,few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton.In this study,we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V.dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types.One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF)that specifically responds to V.dahliae,GhMYB3D5,was identified.GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions,but it was dramatically induced by V.dahliae stress.We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.Upon V.dahliae infection,the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1expression.In addition,GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1.Consequently,the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis(GhPAL,GhC4H,Gh4CL,and GhPOD/GhLAC)in cotton,thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance.Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation,which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.

Fermentative Biohydrogen Production with Enteric Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine of Wild Common Carp Dwelling in Tarim River Basin

The biological hydrogen generating from fermentation of low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks by hydrogen-producing bacteria has attracted many attentions in recent years. In the present investigation, ten hydrogen-producing bacteria were newly isolated from the intestine of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and identified belonging to the genera of Enterobacter and Klebsiella based on analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence and examination of the physiological and biochemical characteristics. All the isolates inherently owned the ability to metabolize xylose especially the cotton stalk hydrolysate for hydrogen production with hydrogen yield (HY) higher than 100 mL·L-1. In particular, two isolates, WL1306 and WL1305 obtained higher HY, hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen production potential (HPP) using cotton stalk hydrolysate as sugar substrate than the mixed sugar of glucose & xylose, which obtained the HY of 249.5 ± 29.0, 397.0 ± 36.7 mL·L-1, HPR of 10.4 ± 1.2, 16.5 ± 1.5 mL·L-1·h-1, HPP of 19.5 ± 2.3, 31.0 ± 2.8 mL·L-1·g-1sugar, separately. The generation of soluble metabolites, such as the lactate, formate, acetate, succinate and ethanol reflected the mixed acid fermentation properties of the hydrogen production pathway.

Security and Privacy in Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things:Requirements and Challenges

Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.

用于农药残留快速检测的压电免疫生物传感器的研究

该文建立了一种压电免疫生物传感器结合流动注射的方法检测样品中的农药残留。为了有效地捕获有机磷农药抗原,比较了三种在石英晶体金电极表面上固定有机磷单克隆抗体的方法。在0.005～10μg/mL范围内,有机磷浓度与晶体频率的变化之间呈较好的相关关系。回归方程:y=5.9111Ln(x)+51.979,决定系数为:0.93。该传感器的最低检测限为2.16×10-3μg/mL,选择性好,可以重复使用。

检测禽流感H5亚型病毒的阻抗型免疫研究

研制了一种可用于H5亚型禽流感病毒快速检测的阻抗型免疫传感器。通过蛋白A将H5N1表面抗原血凝素(HA)的单克隆抗体固定于金叉指阵列微电极表面,并与待测溶液中的目标抗原H5N1进行免疫反应。在[Fe(CN)6]3"/4"溶液中进行电化学阻抗谱扫描,表征电极的表面修饰及抗原捕获过程。当H5N1病毒浓度在21～26 HA unit/50μL范围时,其浓度的对数值与叉指阵列微电极的电子传递阻抗的变化值呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9885;检出限为20 HA unit/50μL,检测时间为1 h。此传感器特异性好,灵敏度高,可以重复使用,在病原微生物快速检测领域具有良好的应用前景。

基于石化行业智能炼化需求构建应用化学“五结合”人才培养体系研究与实践

为了应对石化行业发展新态势,十三五期间,中石油、中石化、中海油、恒力石化、盛虹石化等一大批石油化工企业纷纷开始转型升级,新一代"一体化""智慧化"炼厂不断涌现。同时新兴的信息化技术开始深度融入石油化工生产过程,石化企业一体化、智慧化程度明显提升。作为紧密服务石油化工行业43年的辽宁石油化工大学应用化学专业,同步对标行业升级路径,积极开展"五结合"(专思结合、校企结合、内外结合、理工结合、新旧结合)人才培养模式建设。经过多年探索和实践,"五结合"人才培养模式取得了较好的实践效果。本研究以具有典型意义的地方和石油化工行业特色高校应用化学专业为例,重点研究专业所服务行业的形态和内涵发生变化后,专业在培养过程、课程体系以及教学内容等方面应该如何与之匹配,进而联动调整,以适应企业对人才需求的新变化。

多指标荧光生物传感器系统设计

为了快速、准确地检测食品中多种病原菌的含量,设计了一种能够快速、定量、实时检测出食品中多种微生物含量的荧光生物传感器系统。采用LED灯作为激发光源,测量不同荧光量子点的微生物在不同发射波长的荧光强度,根据建立的定量检测模型,求得被测微生物含量;以STC89C52单片机为核心,包括键盘输入电路、光路模块控制电路、光电转换与放大电路、A/D转换电路、LCD显示及报警电路等;能定量检测出多种微生物含量,实现含量的LCD实时显示和超限报警。实验表明:系统操作简单,对福氏志贺氏菌检测误差在与荧光分光度计比较误差在5%以内,准确度高。

Effect of Pre-Anthesis Drought Hardening on Post-Anthesis Physiological Characteristics,Yield and WUE in Winter Wheat

A drought event can cause yield loss or entire crops to fail.In order to study the effects of continuous drought on physiological characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),the variety“Zhoumai 22”was grown in controlled water conditions of the pot-planted winter wheat under a mobile rainout shelter.Foot planting and safe wintering were used to evaluate,winter wheat under different drought conditions,including light,moderate and severe drought at the jointing,heading,and filling stages.The soil water content was controlled at 60–70%,50–60%,or 40–50%of field capacity.Experimental trials included 3 pre-anthesis drought hardening,3 three-stage continuous drought,and 1 test control conditions.Under drought stress conditions,winter wheat leaf water potential,soil plant analysis development(SPAD),photosynthesis parameters,and yield declined due to pre-anthesis drought hardening.And the degree of decline:continuous drought>pre-anthesis drought hardening.Changes in the post-anthesis photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat were mainly related to the pre-anthesis drought level,rather than post-anthesis rehydration.The threshold of non-stomata limiting factors caused by photosynthesis at the filling stage is 40–50%FC,while comprehensive yield and WUE affected,the yield in severe drought treatments was the most significant,B3C3 and B3C3G3 decreased by 55.68%and 55.88%,respectively.Pre-anthesis drought was the main reason for the decreased crop yield.Thus,severe drought should be avoided during planting,while pre-anthesis light drought is a suitable choice for watersaving and crop production,as proper pre-anthesis drought hardening(60–70%FC)is feasible and effective.

Effects of Multi-Stage Continuous Drought on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

A drought event can cause entire crops to fail or yield loss.In order to study the effects of continuous drought on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),the winter wheat variety“Aikang 58”was selected as test material with controlling the water of the pot-planted winter wheat under a mobile rainout shelter.Based on foot planting and safe wintering,winter wheat was evaluated under different drought conditions,including light,moderate and severe drought at the jointing(B),heading(C),and filling(G)stages.The soil water content was controlled in a range of 60%to 70%,50%to 60%,and 40%to 50%of the field capacity,respectively.In the experiment,there were 9 single-stage droughts,3 three-stage droughts,and 1 test control(totaling 13 trials).The results are as follows:Under a single-stage drought,the change of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(Gs)have similar trends,and they both decrease significantly with the severity of the drought.Under three-stage continuous droughts,the change curve of Gs shows a constant downward trend;the change curve of Pn showed a“valley shape,”and the minimum value of Pn appeared at the heading stage.All droughts will reduce the yield of winter wheat.Under the three-stage continuous drought conditions,except for light drought,moderate drought and severe drought will cause significant yield reduction,mainly due to lack of water at the jointing and heading stages.Continuous drought will reduce the WUE,and the difference will reach a significant level under moderate and severe drought.The present results suggested that when water resources are scarce,it is a better irrigation model to save water and achieve high grain yield by applying appropriate water stress(60%–70%FC)during the critical growth period of winter wheat.

Revisiting the elastic solution for an inner-pressured functionally graded thick-walled tube within a uniform magnetic field

In this paper, the mechanical responses of a thick-walled functionally graded hollow cylinder subject to a uniform magnetic field and inner-pressurized loads are studied. Rather than directly assume the material constants as some specific function forms displayed in pre-studies, we firstly give the volume fractions of different constituents of the functionally graded material(FGM) cylinder and then determine the expressions of the material constants. With the use of the Voigt method, the corresponding analytical solutions of displacements in the radial direction, the strain and stress components, and the perturbation magnetic field vector are derived. In the numerical part, the effects of the volume fraction on the displacement, strain and stress components, and the magnetic perturbation field vector are investigated. Moreover, by some appropriate choices of the material constants, we find that the obtained results in this paper can reduce to some special cases given in the previous studies.

QCM Aptasensor for Rapid and Specific Detection of Avian Influenza Virus

There has been a need for rapid detection of Avian Influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 due to it being a potential pandemic threat. Most of the current methods, including culture isolation and PCR, are very sensitive and specific but require specialized laboratories and trained personnel in order to complete the tests and are time-consuming. The goal of this study was to design a biosensor that would be able to rapidly detect AIV H5N1 using aptamers as biosensing material and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for transducing method. Specific DNA aptamers against AIV H5N1 were immobilized, through biotin and streptavidin conjugation, onto the gold surface of QCM sensor to capture the target virus. Magnetic nanobeads (150 nm in diameter) were then added as amplifiers considering its large surface/volume ratio which allows for faster movement and a higher target molecule binding rate. The result showed that the captured AIV caused frequency change, and more change was observed when the AIV concentration increased. The nanobead amplification was effective at the lower concentrations of AIV, however, it was not significant when the AIV concentration was 1 HA or higher. The detection limit of the aptasensor was 1 HAU with a detection time of 1 h. The capture of the target virus on to the surface of QCM sensor and the binding of magnetic nanobeads with the virus was confirmed with electron microscopy. Aptamers have unlimited shelf life and are temperature stable which allows this aptasensor to give much more consistent results specifically for in field applications.

A portable viable Salmonella detection device based on microfluidic chip and recombinase aided amplification

creening of foodborne pathogens is important to prevent contaminated foods from their supply chains.n this study, a portable detection device was developed for rapid, sensitive and simple detection of viable almonella using a finger-actuated microfluidic chip and an improved recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay. Improved propidium monoazide(PMAxx) was combined with RAA to enable this device to distinguish viable bacteria from dead ones. The modification of PMAxx into dead bacteria, the magnetic xtraction of nucleic acids from viable bacteria and the RAA detection of extracted nucleic acids were performed using the microfluidic chip on its supporting device by finger press-release operations. The fluorescent signal resulting from RAA amplification of the nucleic acids was collected using a USB camera nd analyzed using a self-developed smartphone App to quantitatively determine the bacterial concenration. This device could detect Salmonella typhimurium in spiked chicken meats from 1.3 × 10^(2) CFU/m L o 1.3 × 10^(7) CFU/m L in 2 h with a lower detection limit of 130 CFU/m L, and has shown its potential for on-site detection of foodborne pathogens.

Development of H5 subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and MAb-based assays for rapid detection of H5 avian influenza

Avian influenza (AI) virology surveillance is the most important method to monitor AI virus (AIV) in poultry so as to effectively prevent and control AI outbreaks. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb)-based assays are highly sensitive and specific for AIV detection, and much practical and economic for test-in-field or onsite. Many such assays have been developed and are still in developing since the H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) outbreaks occurred in South East Asia in 2003. A MAb-based dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed in our lab during late 1990s and early 2000s. Meanwhile, AIV H7 and H5 subtype specific-MAbs have been successfully developed in our laboratory to enhance the Dot-ELISA and other MAb-based assays for AIV detection. Production and purification of the H7 and H5 MAbs were made to provide essential reagents for Dot-ELISA and other immunoassays, and the current development of a novel Biosensor technique for rapid detection of AIV from clinical and field specimens.

High recorded color rendering performance of single-structured Ce,Mn:Y_(3)(Al,Sc)_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)phosphor ceramics for high-power white LEDs/LDs

Achieving a high color rendering index(CRI)and luminous stability in single-structured Ce:Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Ce:YAG)phosphor ceramics(PCs)is crucial for high-power white light-emitting diodes or laser diodes(LEDs/LDs).However,cyan valleys and insufficient amounts of the red component in the Ce:YAG emission spectra significantly limit their real applications.In this work,a series of Ce,Mn:Y_(3)(Al,Sc)_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)(Ce,Mn:YSAG)PCs were fabricated by vacuum sintering,and efficient spectral regulation was realized for full-color lighting.The cyan valley was filled by the blueshifted emission peak of Ce^(3+)via Sc^(3+)doping.The orange‒red emission at approximately 580 nm was effectively supplemented via Mn^(2+)doping.In particular,CRI of Ce,Mn:YSAG increased from 56.4 to 85.8,a 52%increase compared with that of Ce:YAG under high-power LED excitation,and the operating temperature was stable at approximately 50℃for long working time.Moreover,CRI of 80.9 could still be obtained for PC-based white LDs.These results indicated that Ce,Mn:YSAG PC,which has excellent CRI and luminous stability,is an extremely promising color convertor for high-power white LEDs/LDs.

The role of m^(6)A RNA methylation in autoimmune diseases: Novel therapeutic opportunities

N6-methyladenosine m^(6)A modifications,as one of the most common forms of in-ternal RNA chemical modifications in eukaryotic cells,have gained increasing attention in recent years.The m^(6)A RNA modifications exert various crucial roles in various biological pro-cesses,such as embryonic development,neurogenesis,circadian rhythms,and tumorigenesis.Recent advances have highlighted that m^(6)A RNA modification plays an important role in im-mune response,especially in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases.In this re-view,we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of m^(6)A methylation and its biological functions in the immune system and mainly focused on recent progress in research on the po-tential role of m^(6)A RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,thus providing possible biomarkers and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of auto-immunediseases.

Mobility of toxic metals in sediments: Assessing methods and controlling factors

Metals and metalloids（termed as metals in this article）are important constituent elements of the earth＇s crust.A number of metals,if present in excess,are toxic to organisms and therefore they are usually defined as toxic metals.

Satellite group autonomous operation mechanism and planning algorithm for marine target surveillance

In terms of fast response problem of unanticipated marine target, it is necessary to design the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and planning algorithm for autonomous task planning. Firstly, based on the autonomous operation and task planning of remote sensing satellite group, it is divided into two parts: ground planning and satellite autonomous planning. Secondly,the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and operation flow for task planning are proposed after fully considering the resource characteristics and task demand characteristics of the ground and satellite. The satellite autonomous task planning algorithm based on extended contract net is designed. Through the simulation operation of the self-developed distributed simulation demonstration software, it shows that the operation mechanism can coordinate and cooperate effectively between the satellite autonomous task planning and ground planning. It can give full play to the advantages of the ground computing resources, reflect the control intention, make full use of the real-time feature and flexibility of the satellite calculation, and respond fast to the unanticipated task. Besides, it has solved problems of the untimely response of ground control on unanticipated observation task, the limitation of satellite computing resources and satellite-ground planning and coordination, which can effectively improve the responsiveness of remote sensing satellite to the observation task of maritime unanticipated target.

Fatigue Life of a 2.5D C/SiC Composite Under Tension–Tension Cyclic Loading:Experimental Investigation and Sensitivity Analysis

Engineering structures made of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)usually suffer from cyclic loads during service,which could lead to disastrous failures.This work focuses on the fatigue behavior of a 2.5D C/SiC composite under tension–tension cyclic loading.Experiments of the 2.5D C/SiC composite are firstly carried out to determine the fatigue lifetime of the material at different stress levels.The fracture surfaces examined by a scanning electronic microscope indicate that the damage mechanisms under cyclic loading are closely related to crack propagation,fiber/matrix interfacial degradation,and fiber breakage.Considering the damage evolution of fibers and interfacial resistance,a micromechanical model is adopted to describe the fatigue behavior of 2.5D C/SiC composite,and the numerical results are compared with the experimental results.Further,a sensitivity analysis is performed as a function of the interfacial shear stress,fiber Weibull modulus,and fiber strength.The calculation of sensitivity factors shows that the variations of the fiber Weibull modulus and fiber strength have the most significant influence and,thereafter,the variation of interfacial shear stress.

Optimizing water-saving irrigation schemes for rice(Oryza sativa L.)using DSSAT-CERES-Rice model

Rice is one of the major crops in China,and enhancing the rice yield and water use efficiency is critical to ensuring food security in China.Determining how to optimize a scientific and efficient irrigation and drainage scheme by combining existing technology is currently a hot topic.Crop growth models can be used to assess actual or proposed water management regimes intended to increase water use efficiency and mitigate water shortages.In this study,a CERES-Rice model was calibrated and validated using a two-year field experiment.Four irrigation and drainage treatments were designed for the experiment:alternate wetting and drying(AWD),controlled drainage(CD),controlled irrigation and drainage for a low water level(CID1),and controlled irrigation and drainage for a high water level(CID2).According to the indicators normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)and index of agreement(d),the calibrated CERES-Rice model accurately predicted grain yield(NRMSE=6.67%,d=0.77),,shoot biomass(NRMSE=3.37%,d=0.77),actual evapotranspiration(ETa)(NRMSE=3.83%,d=0.74),irrigation volume(NRMSE=15.56%,d=0.94),and leaf area index(NRMSE=9.69%,d=0.98)over 2 a.The calibrated model was subsequently used to evaluate rice production in response to the four treatments(AWD,CD,CID1,and CID2)under 60 meteorological scenarios which were divided into wet years(22 a),normal years(16 a),and dry years(22 a).Results showed that the yield of AWD was the largest among four treatments in different hydrological years.Relative to that of AWD,the yield of CD,CID1,and CID2 were respectively reduced by 5.7%,2.6%,8.7%in wet years,9.2%,2.3%,8.6% in normal years,and 9.2%,3.8%,3.9% in dry years.However,rainwater use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the greatest for CID2 in different hydrological years.The entropy-weighting TOPSIS model was used to optimize the four water-saving irrigation schemes in terms of water-saving,labor-saving and high-yield,based on the simulation results of the CERES-Rice model in the past 60 a.These results showed that CID1 and AWD were optimal in the wet years,CID1 and CID2 were optimal in the normal and dry years.These results may provide a strong scientific basis for the optimization of water-saving irrigation technology for rice.

Endoscopy-assisted purely total outer wall excision for pediatric Sylvian arachnoid cysts

Background To present a novel endoscopy-assisted surgical strategy of Sylvian arachnoid cysts(ACs).Case presentation Endoscopy-assisted surgery was performed on 9 children(May 2019-December 2021).All patients were evaluated with CT and/or MRI and had regular follow-up examinations.The procedure consisted of performing a small temporal craniotomy(2 cm)behind the hairline.After dural opening,the surgery was performed with the assistance of a rigid 30-degree transcranial endoscope,self-irrigating bipolar forceps,and other standard endoscopic instruments.Steps included total excision of the AC outer wall and dissection of arachnoid adhesion around the cystic edge to communicate the residual cyst cavity with subdural space.Compared with the microscopical procedure,a 30-degree transcranial endoscope provides a wider view,especially for the lateral part exposure of the outer wall.The average age of the patients was 27.7 months(range 13-44 months).The Sylvian AC was in the right hemisphere in three patients and six in the left,respectively.1 patient suffered transient postoperative epilepsy.There was no mortality or additional postoperative neurological deficit in this series.All of the patients achieved significant clinical improvement after surgery.Radiological examination after the operation showed a significant reduction in all cases(100%,9/9)and disappearance in one case(11.1%,1/9).Postoperative subdural fluid collection occurred in six cases and completely resolved spontaneously in 9 months.Conclusion The study demonstrated the minimally invasive,safety,and effectivity of the endoscopy-assisted purely total outer wall excision.