Anti-fatigue Effect of Water Extract from Centella asiatica(L.)Urban on Mice

[Objectives]To study the anti-fatigue effect of water extract from Centella asiatica(L.)Urban on mice.[Methods]After intragastric administration of low,medium and high concentration of water extract from Centella asiatica(L.)Urban for 14 d,the rotarod time and the content of serum lactic acid in mice were determined,respectively.[Results]Compared with the control group,the rotarod time of mice in the low and medium concentration groups was significantly prolonged(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the control group and the high concentration group;the content of serum lactic acid in the medium concentration group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between low concentration group and high concentration group and the control group.[Conclusions]A certain concentration of water extract from Centella asiatica(L.)Urban had a good anti-fatigue effect.

Mental health disparities in people living with human immunodeficiency virus:A cross-sectional study on physician-patient concordance and treatment regimens

Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)can profoundly affect the mental health of the people living with HIV(PLWH),with higher rates of anxiety,depression,and sleep disturbances.The disparities in neuropsychological problems evaluated by physicians and self-assessed by patients are still unknown.Methods:A total of 5000 PLWH and 500 physicians from 167 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to February 2023.4-Item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-4)was used for the evaluation of depressive issues and anxiety issues by PLWH.Each physician assessed 10 PLWH under their care for the presence of depressive or anxiety issues.The primary outcomes of this study are the concordance rates on the depressive issues and anxiety issues evaluation between physicians and PLWH.The Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the agreement between physicians and PLWH.Results:The concordance rate for the evaluation of depressive issues is 73.84%(95%confidence interval[CI]:72.60-75.04%),and it is significantly different from the expected rate of 80%(P<0.001).Similarly,the concordance rate for the evaluation of anxiety issues is 71.74%(95%CI:70.47-72.97%),which is significantly different from the expected rate of 80%as per the null hypothesis(P<0.001).The overestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 12.20%(95%CI:11.32-13.14%),and for anxiety issues is 12.76%(95%CI:11.86-13.71%).The mismatch rate for depressive issues is 26.16%(95%CI:24.96-27.40%),and for anxiety issues is 28.26%(95%CI:27.02-29.53%).The underestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 13.96%(95%CI:13.03-14.95%),and for anxiety issues is 15.50%(95%CI:14.52-16.53%).For the treatment regiments,PLWH sustained on innovative treatment regimen(IR)related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues(odds ratio[OR]=0.71,95%CI:0.59-0.87,P=0.003)and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.52-0.76,P<0.001).PLWH switch from conventional treatment regimen(CR)to IR also related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.64-0.98)and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.67-0.99).Conclusion:Nearly one in three PLWH had their condition misjudged by their physicians.The findings underscore the need for improved communication and standardized assessment protocols in the care of PLWH,especially during the acute phase of HIV infection.

Two-thirds simulation indexes and modal logic characterization

Two-thirds simulation provides a kind of abstract description of an implementation with respect to a specification. In order to characterize the approximate two-thirds simulation, we propose the definition of a two- thirds simulation index which expresses the degree to which a binary relation between processes is two-thirds simulation. 2-two-thirds simulation and its substitutivity laws are given in this paper. And, based on 2-two-thirds simulation, we present a measure model for describing the degree of approximation between processes. In particular, we give the modal logical characterization of 2-two-thirds simulation.

The SUPER reporting guideline suggested for reporting of surgical technique

Background:Existing reporting guidelines pay insufficient attention to the detail and comprehensiveness reporting of surgical technique.The Surgical techniqUe rePorting chEcklist and standaRds(SUPER)aims to address this gap by defining reporting standards for surgical technique.The SUPER guideline intends to apply to articles that encompass surgical technique in any study design,surgical discipline,and stage of surgical innovation.Methods:Following the EQUATOR(Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research)Network approach,16 surgeons,journal editors,and methodologists reviewed existing reporting guidelines relating to surgical technique,reviewed papers from 15 top journals,and brainstormed to draft initial items for the SUPER.The initial items were revised through a three-round Delphi survey from 21 multidisciplinary Delphi panel experts from 13 countries and regions.The final SUPER items were formed after an online consensus meeting to resolve disagreements and a three-round wording refinement by all 16 SUPER working group members and five SUPER consultants.Results:The SUPER reporting guideline includes 22 items that are considered essential for good and informative surgical technique reporting.The items are divided into six sections:background,rationale,and objectives(items 1 to 5);preoperative preparations and requirements(items 6 to 9);surgical technique details(items 10 to 15);postoperative considerations and tasks(items 16 to 19);summary and prospect(items 20 and 21);and other information(item 22).Conclusions:The SUPER reporting guideline has the potential to guide detailed,comprehensive,and transparent surgical technique reporting for surgeons.It may also assist journal editors,peer reviewers,systematic reviewers,and guideline developers in the evaluation of surgical technique papers and help practitioners to better understand and reproduce surgical technique.

Investigation and evaluation of randomized controlled trials for interventions involving artificial intelligence

Objective Complete and transparent reporting is of critical importance for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The present study aimed to determine the reporting quality and methodological quality of RCTs for interventions involving artificial intelligence(AI)and their protocols.Methods We searched MEDLINE(via PubMed),Embase,Web of Science,CBMdisc,Wanfang Data,and CNKI from January 1,2016,to November 11,2020,to collect RCTs involving AI.We also extracted the protocol of each included RCT if it could be obtained.CONSORT-AI(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement and Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias(ROB)were used to evaluate the reporting quality and methodological quality,respectively,and SPIRIT-AI(The Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement was used to evaluate the reporting quality of the protocols.The associations of the reporting rate of CONSORT-AI with the publication year,journal’s impact factor(IF),number of authors,sample size,and first author’s country were analyzed univariately using Pearson’s chi-squared test,or Fisher’s exact test if the expected values in any of the cells were below 5.The compliance of the retrieved protocols to SPIRIT-AI was presented descriptively.Results Overall,29 RCTs and three protocols were considered eligible.The CONSORT-AI items“title and abstract”and“interpretation of results”were reported by all RCTs,with the items with the lowest reporting rates being“funding”(0),“implementation”(3.5%),and“harms”(3.5%).The risk of bias was high in 13(44.8%)RCTs and not clear in 15(51.7%)RCTs.Only one RCT(3.5%)had a low risk of bias.The compliance was not significantly different in terms of the publication year,journal’s IF,number of authors,sample size,or first author’s country.Ten of the 35 SPIRIT-AI items(funding,participant timeline,allocation concealment mechanism,implementation,data management,auditing,declaration of interests,access to data,informed consent materials and biological specimens)were not reported by any of the three protocols.Conclusions The reporting and methodological quality of RCTs involving AI need to be improved.Because of the limited availability of protocols,their quality could not be fully judged.Following the CONSORT-AI and SPIRIT-AI statements and with appropriate guidance on the risk of bias when designing and reporting AI-related RCTs can promote standardization and transparency.